一醉冤、簡介:
Tomcat在高并發(fā)環(huán)境下處理動態(tài)請求時性能很低用押,而在處理靜態(tài)頁面更加脆弱黍氮。雖然Tomcat的最新版本支持epoll抹腿,但是通過Nginx來處理靜態(tài)頁面要比通過Tomcat處理在性能方面好很多。
二松却、下載安裝:
下載nginx
http://nginx.org/en/download.html
下載解壓后放到F:\nginx-1.7.1(官網(wǎng)這樣要求的暴浦,不知道放其它盤有沒有問題)
啟動nginx.exe,然后在瀏覽器輸入127.0.0.1即可
配置自己的項目測試
第二環(huán)節(jié)我們使用了默認的nginx.conf 晓锻。Nginx的配置文件都存于目錄conf文件下歌焦,其中nginx.conf是它的主配置文件。 以下為我加上注釋并配置的新的虛擬server
#運行用戶
#user nobody;
#開啟進程數(shù) <=CPU數(shù)
worker_processes 1;
#錯誤日志保存位置
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#進程號保存文件
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
#等待事件
events {
#Linux下打開提高性能
#use epoll;
#每個進程最大連接數(shù)(最大連接=連接數(shù)x進程數(shù))
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
#文件擴展名與文件類型映射表
include mime.types;
#默認文件類型
default_type application/octet-stream;
#日志文件輸出格式 這個位置相于全局設置
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#請求日志保存位置
#access_log logs/access.log main;
#設定請求緩沖
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
#打開發(fā)送文件
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#客戶端上傳文件大小控制
client_max_body_size 8m;
#打開gzip壓縮
#gzip on;
#設定負載均衡的服務器列表
#upstream mysvr {
# #weigth參數(shù)表示權值砚哆,權值越高被分配到的幾率越大
# #本機上的Squid開啟3128端口
# #server 192.168.8.1:3128 weight=5;
# #server 192.168.8.2:80 weight=1;
# #server 192.168.8.3:80 weight=6;
#}
#第一個虛擬主機
server {
#監(jiān)聽IP端口
listen 80;
#主機名
server_name localhost;
#root
#設置字符集
#charset koi8-r;
#本虛擬server的訪問日志 相當于局部變量
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
#日志文件輸出格式
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#靜態(tài)文件緩存時間設置
#location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${
# expires 30d;
#}
#靜態(tài)文件緩存時間設置
#location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${
# expires 1h;
#}
#對本server"/"啟用負載均衡
#location / {
# proxy_pass http://mysvr;
# proxy_redirect off;
# proxy_set_header Host $host;
# proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# client_max_body_size 10m;
# client_body_buffer_size 128k;
# proxy_connect_timeout 90;
# proxy_send_timeout 90;
# proxy_read_timeout 90;
# proxy_buffer_size 4k;
# proxy_buffers 4 32k;
# proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
# proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
#}
#設定查看Nginx狀態(tài)的地址
#location /NginxStatus {
# stub_status on;
# access_log on;
# auth_basic “NginxStatus”;
# auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;
#}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
server {
#多監(jiān)聽
listen localhost:8666;
#主機名
server_name LIULJ2576;
#WEB文件路徑
root E:/Portal;
#默認首頁
index HomePage.html;
#location / {
# #這里相當于局部變量
# root E:/Portal;
# index HomePage.html;
#}
}
# HTTPS server HTTPS SSL加密服務器
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
# ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
進入cmd独撇。然后進入F:\nginx-1.7.1
dos環(huán)境運行命令:
start nginx
//啟動nginx
nginx -s stop // 停止nginx
nginx -s reload // 重新加載配置文件
nginx -s quit // 退出nginx
nginx -t
//檢查配置文件是否正確
二、Nginx可以通過以下兩種方式來實現(xiàn)與Tomcat的耦合:
將靜態(tài)頁面請求交給Nginx躁锁,動態(tài)請求交給后端Tomcat處理纷铣。
將所有請求都交給后端的Tomcat服務器處理,同時利用Nginx自身的負載均衡功能進行多臺Tomcat服務器的負載均衡战转。
下面通過兩個配置實例分別講述這兩種實現(xiàn)
下載Tomcat6:http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.41/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.41-windows-x86.zip
在F:\nginx-1.7.1\路徑新建tomcat文件夾搜立。把下載后的apache-tomcat-6.0.41-windows-x86.zip解壓。解壓后把apache-tomcat-6.0.41更名為apache-tomcat-8080槐秧。并復制幾個apache-tomcat-8080分別改名為apache-tomcat-8060啄踊,apache-tomcat-8090
啟動多個tomcat。修改tomcat里面的server.xml配置文件刁标。注意以下修改的四處社痛,各個tomcat配置里面的端口號不要有沖突。例如tomcat1里面的
Server port=18006,則另外一個就不能用此端口命雀。其他的依次類推
<!-- 修改port端口:倆個tomcat不能重復,端口隨意斩箫,別太小-->
<Server port="18006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<!-- port="18081" tomcat監(jiān)聽端口吏砂,隨意設置,別太小 -->
<Connector port="18081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">
在同一臺電腦上啟動兩個tomcat乘客。進入cmd命令模式狐血,然后進入各自的tomcat路徑,執(zhí)行F:\nginx-1.7.1\tomcat\apache-tomcat-8090\bin>startup.bat
F:\nginx-1.7.1\tomcat\apache-tomcat-8080\bin>startup.bat易核。則兩個不同的tomcat已經(jīng)啟動完成
在IE上輸入http://localhost/index.jsp和http://localhost/匈织,如果得到不同的界面表示成功
最終的nginx.conf配置如下
#運行用戶
#user nobody;
#開啟進程數(shù) <=CPU數(shù)
worker_processes 1;
#錯誤日志保存位置
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#進程號保存文件
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
#等待事件
events {
#Linux下打開提高性能
#use epoll;
#每個進程最大連接數(shù)(最大連接=連接數(shù)x進程數(shù))
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
#文件擴展名與文件類型映射表
include mime.types;
#默認文件類型
default_type application/octet-stream;
#日志文件輸出格式 這個位置相于全局設置
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#請求日志保存位置
#access_log logs/access.log main;
#設定請求緩沖
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
#打開發(fā)送文件
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#客戶端上傳文件大小控制
client_max_body_size 8m;
#打開gzip壓縮
#gzip on;
#gzip_min_length 1000;
#gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript;
#設定負載均衡的服務器列表
upstream mysvr {
#weigth參數(shù)表示權值,權值越高被分配到的幾率越大
#根據(jù)ip計算將請求分配各那個后端tomcat,許多人誤認為可以解決session問題缀匕,其實并不能纳决。
#同一機器在多網(wǎng)情況下,路由切換乡小,ip可能不同
server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1;
server 127.0.0.1:8090 weight=2;
}
#第一個虛擬主機
server {
#監(jiān)聽IP端口
listen 80;
#主機名
server_name localhost;
#root
#設置字符集
#charset koi8-r;
#本虛擬server的訪問日志 相當于局部變量
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
#日志文件輸出格式
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
#}
#靜態(tài)文件緩存時間設置
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
expires 30d;
}
#靜態(tài)文件緩存時間設置
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
expires 1h;
}
#對本server"/"啟用負載均衡
#如果開啟了這里的location,則79行的location必須屏蔽
#對各種靜態(tài)還是動態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)進行過濾
#此處如果請求是.jsp阔加、.do結尾的文件都交給Tomcat服務器
#其他的交給nginx處理
location ~ (\.jsp)|(\.do)$ {
proxy_pass http://mysvr;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
}
#設定查看Nginx狀態(tài)的地址
location /NginxStatus {
stub_status on;
access_log on;
auth_basic “NginxStatus”;
auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location = /50x.html {
# root html;
#}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
server {
#多監(jiān)聽
listen localhost:50000;
#主機名
server_name LIULJ2576;
#WEB文件路徑
root E:/Portal;
#默認首頁
index HomePage.html;
#location / {
# #這里相當于局部變量
# root E:/Portal;
# index HomePage.html;
#}
}
# HTTPS server HTTPS SSL加密服務器
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
# ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}