Jamal Khashoggi: What the Arab world needs most is free expression

A note from Karen Attiah, Global Opinions editor

賈馬爾?哈蘇吉（沙特籍資深記者）：阿拉伯世界最需要的是言論自由

全球意見編輯Karen Attiah（華盛頓郵報(bào)）的便箋（領(lǐng)英地址https://www.linkedin.com/in/karenattiah/）

I received this column from Jamal Khashoggi’s translator and assistant the day after Jamal was reported missing in Istanbul. The Post held off publishing it because we hoped Jamal would come back to us so that he and I could edit it together. Now I have to accept: That is not going to happen. This is the last piece of his I will edit for The Post. This column perfectly captures his commitment and passion for freedom in the Arab world. A freedom he apparently gave his life for. I will be forever grateful he chose The Post as his final journalistic home one year ago and gave us the chance to work together.

賈馬爾在伊斯坦布爾失蹤后的第二天谷浅，我收到了賈馬爾的翻譯和助手（同一個(gè)人瘪板？）發(fā)來的這篇專欄文章伪阶。文章之所以被推遲出版，是因?yàn)槲覀兌嗝聪ＭZ馬爾能回來和我一起編輯袖肥，但是裙犹，現(xiàn)在我必須面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)：他不會(huì)回來了撕捍，這是我要為他的專欄編輯的最后一篇文章，這個(gè)專欄完美地詮釋了他對(duì)阿拉伯世界擁有自由的承諾和熱情鸟蟹，他也終于為自由付出了生命，一年前使兔，他選擇華盛頓郵報(bào)作為他新聞事業(yè)的最后一站建钥，給了我們合作的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)感謝他所做的一切虐沥。

I was recently online looking at the 2018 “Freedom in the World” report published by Freedom House and came to a grave realization. There is only one country in the Arab world that has been classified as“free.”That nation is Tunisia.Jordan,Morocco and Kuwait come second,with a classification of“partly free.”The rest of the countries in the Arab world are classified as“not free.”

最近熊经，我在網(wǎng)上查閱了自由之家出版的2018年《世界自由》報(bào)告，并意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)欲险，阿拉伯世界只有一個(gè)國(guó)家被劃為“自由國(guó)度”镐依，這個(gè)國(guó)家是突尼斯，約旦天试、摩洛哥和科威特位居第二槐壳，被劃為“部分自由國(guó)家”，阿拉伯世界的其他國(guó)家被劃為“不自由國(guó)家”秋秤。

As a result,Arabs living in these countries are either uninformed or misinformed. They are unable to adequately address,much less publicly discuss,matters that affect the region and their day-to-day lives. A state-run narrative dominates the public psyche,and while many do not believe it,a large majority of the population falls victim to this false narrative. Sadly,this situation is unlikely to change.

因此宏粤，生活在這些國(guó)家的阿拉伯人要么是所知甚少，要么就是被誤導(dǎo)的灼卢，他們無法充分解決影響地區(qū)和日常生活的事情，更不要說公開地去討論了来农，國(guó)營(yíng)敘事主導(dǎo)著公眾心理鞋真，盡管許多人不相信，但大多數(shù)人卻成了這種虛假敘事的受害者沃于，遺憾的是涩咖，這種情況不大可能改變。

The Arab world was ripe with hope during the spring of 2011. Journalists,academics and the general population were brimming with expectations of a bright and free Arab society within their respective countries. They expected to be emancipated from the hegemony of their governments and the consistent interventions and censorship of information. These expectations were quickly shattered繁莹，these societies either fell back to the old status quo or faced even harsher conditions than before.

2011年春天檩互，阿拉伯世界充滿希望，記者咨演、學(xué)者和普通民眾闸昨，對(duì)在各自國(guó)家建立一個(gè)光明和自由的阿拉伯社會(huì)充滿了期待，他們希望從政府的霸權(quán)薄风、信息的干預(yù)和審查的制度中解放出來饵较，但是，這些期望很快就被粉碎了遭赂，這些社會(huì)要么回到舊況中循诉，甚至面臨比以前更加嚴(yán)峻的狀況。

My dear friend,the prominent Saudi writer Saleh al-Shehi,wrote one of the most famous columns ever published in the Saudi press. He unfortunately is now serving an unwarranted five-year prison sentencefor supposed comments contrary to the Saudi establishment. The Egyptian government’s seizure of the entire print run of a newspaper,al-Masry al Youm,did not enrage or provoke a reaction from colleagues. These actions no longer carry the consequence of a backlash from the international community. Instead,these actions may trigger condemnation quickly followed by silence.

我的好朋友撇他，著名的沙特作家茄猫，薩利赫·阿勒·謝伊狈蚤，寫了沙特媒體上最著名的專欄之一，不幸的是划纽，他現(xiàn)在因被認(rèn)為有悖于沙特當(dāng)局的意見而被判處五年徒刑炫惩，埃及政府沒收了《青年報(bào)》的全部印刷品，這并沒有激怒或激起同事們的任何反應(yīng)阿浓，這些行動(dòng)不再受到國(guó)際社會(huì)強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)他嚷，只是有些零星的譴責(zé)，接著便是沉默芭毙。

As a result,Arab governments have been given free rein to continue silencing the media at an increasing rate. There was a time when journalists believed the Internet would liberate information from the censorship and control associated with print media. But these governments,whose very existence relies on the control of information,have aggressively blocked the Internet. They have also arrested local reporters and pressured advertisers to harm the revenue of specific publications.

結(jié)果筋蓖，阿拉伯政府通過壓迫媒體發(fā)聲來絕對(duì)控制輿論。曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間退敦，記者們認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以把信息從被高度審查和控制的印刷媒體中解放出來粘咖，但是，這些政府依然有力量去封鎖互聯(lián)網(wǎng)侈百，而且瓮下，他們還逮捕當(dāng)?shù)赜浾撸o廣告商施壓钝域，減少那些出版物的營(yíng)收讽坏，迫使媒體妥協(xié)。

There are a few oases that continue to embody the spirit of the Arab Spring. Qatar’s government continues to support international news coverage, in contrast to its neighbors’ efforts to uphold the control of information to support the“old Arab order.”Even in Tunisia and Kuwait, where the press is considered at least“partly free,”the media focuses on domestic issues but not issues faced by the greater Arab world. They are hesitant to provide a platform for journalists from Saudi Arabia,Egypt and Yemen. Even Lebanon, the Arab world’s crown jewel when it comes to press freedom, has fallen victim to the polarization and influence of pro-Iran Hezbollah.

有一些自由國(guó)度例证，繼續(xù)體現(xiàn)著阿拉伯之春的精神路呜，卡塔爾政府繼續(xù)支持國(guó)際新聞報(bào)道，與其鄰國(guó)织咧，努力控制信息流動(dòng)胀葱，以支持“舊的阿拉伯秩序”做法，形成鮮明對(duì)比笙蒙，甚至在突尼斯和科威特抵屿，媒體也被認(rèn)為是至少“部分自由”的，他們關(guān)注的是國(guó)內(nèi)問題捅位，而不是整個(gè)阿拉伯世界所面臨的問題轧葛，他們不愿意為來自沙特阿拉伯、埃及和也門的記者提供平臺(tái)绿渣，說到禁止言論自由朝群，即使是阿拉伯的親兒子黎巴嫩，也已成為親伊朗真主黨兩極分化的犧牲品中符。

The Arab world is facing its own version of an Iron Curtain,imposed not by external actors but through domestic forces vying for power. During the Cold War,Radio Free Europe,which grew over the years into a critical institution,played an important role in fostering and sustaining the hope of freedom. Arabs need something similar. In 1967,the New York Times and The Post took joint ownership of the International Herald Tribune newspaper,which went on to become a platform for voices from around the world.

阿拉伯世界正面臨著它自己的鐵幕姜胖，不是境外勢(shì)力強(qiáng)加的，而是國(guó)內(nèi)力量爭(zhēng)奪權(quán)力造成的淀散，自由歐洲廣播電臺(tái)右莱，自冷戰(zhàn)以來蚜锨，已成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)重要的機(jī)構(gòu)，它在促進(jìn)和維持自由的希望方面發(fā)揮了重要作用慢蜓，阿拉伯人需要類似的東西亚再，1967年，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和《華盛頓郵報(bào)》合辦了《國(guó)際先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》晨抡，該報(bào)后來成為為全球發(fā)聲的平臺(tái)氛悬。

My publication,The Post, has taken the initiative to translate many of my pieces and publish them in Arabic. For that,I am grateful. Arabs need to read in their own language so they can understand and discuss the various aspects and complications of democracy in the United States and the West. If an Egyptian reads an article exposing the actual cost of a construction project in Washington, then he or she would be able to better understand the implications of similar projects in his or her community.

《華盛頓郵報(bào)》翻譯了我的許多作品，并用阿拉伯語(yǔ)出版耘柱，為此如捅，我非常感激，阿拉伯人需要用自己的語(yǔ)言閱讀调煎，這樣镜遣，他們就能夠從多維度去理解和討論美國(guó)和西方民的復(fù)雜性，如果一個(gè)埃及人讀到一篇文章揭露了華盛頓一個(gè)建筑項(xiàng)目的實(shí)際成本士袄，那么他或她將能夠更好地理解他或她的社區(qū)中類似項(xiàng)目的真實(shí)情況悲关。

The Arab world needs a modern version of the old transnational media so citizens can be informed about global events. More important, we need to provide a platform for Arab voices. We suffer from poverty, mismanagement and poor education. Through the creation of an independent international forum, isolated from the influence of nationalist governments spreading hate through propaganda, ordinary people in the Arab world would be able to address the structural problems their societies face.

阿拉伯世界需要舊媒體實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，這樣公民就可以了解全球事件娄柳，更重要的是寓辱，我們需要為阿拉伯世界的聲音提供平臺(tái)，我們?cè)馐茇毨魍痢⒐芾碇贫炔粔蛲晟蒲冉ⅲ逃Y源也匱乏。創(chuàng)建一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)際論壇需了，脫離民族主義政府，宣傳民族仇恨的影響般甲，阿拉伯世界的普通人將能夠解決他們的社會(huì)所面臨的結(jié)構(gòu)性問題肋乍。