由于老師們的時間安排的關(guān)系殴瘦，第一次文獻閱讀會的主題文獻是篇不太好讀的關(guān)于免疫的分子機制的研究。但大家不用擔(dān)心亮蛔，首先在線上我會盡量引導(dǎo)大家痴施，下周的組會（具體通知可能要過幾天敲定細節(jié)后再發(fā)）上也會有一定的講解、討論時間究流，所以放輕松讀即可辣吃。
PS：論文鏈接為http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v16/n11/full/ni.3259.html ,群文件中有pdf.
TCR-induced sumoylation of the kinase PKC-θ controls T cell synapse organization and T cell activation
從標題可以大概看出，這篇文章主要內(nèi)容就是TCR對PKC-θ的sumoylation在T細胞的synapse organization和activation中的作用芬探。估計大多數(shù)同學(xué)已經(jīng)滿臉問號了神得，陌生的東西太多，我們慢慢看偷仿。
SUMOylation
如果有同學(xué)已經(jīng)對化學(xué)物質(zhì)的英文命名比較了解的話哩簿，就會看出這個詞的意思是SUMO化宵蕉，也就是給接上一個SUMO基團。那SUMO是啥节榜？
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (or SUMO) proteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins in cells to modify their function.
來羡玛，劃詞翻譯走起～ 順便提一句，據(jù)我所知比較好的劃詞翻譯工具有歐路詞典宗苍、必應(yīng)詞典稼稿、靈格斯等
接下來，SUMO蛋白都是咋接到目標上的呢讳窟？
Attachment: SUMO attachment to its target is similar to that of ubiquitin. The SUMO precursor has some extra aminoacids that need to be removed, therefore a C-terminal peptide is cleaved from the SUMO precursor by a protease to reveal a di-glycine motif. The obtained SUMO then becomes bound to an E1 enzyme (SUMO Activating Enzyme (SAE)) which is a heterodimer. It is then passed to an E2 which is a conjugating enzyme (Ubc9). Finally, one of a small number of E3 ligating proteins attaches it to the protein.
看暈了让歼？不要緊，記得SUMO E3 ligating proteins就好丽啡。
如果你想知道更多的話……（這部分可以跳過）
Functions: protein stability, nuclear-cytosolic transport, and transcriptional regulation.
Typically, only a small fraction of a given protein is SUMOylated and this modification is rapidly reversed by the action of deSUMOylating enzymes.
Differents: There are 4 confirmed SUMO isoforms in humans; SUMO-1, SUMO-2, SUMO-3 and SUMO-4. SUMO-2/3 show a high degree of similarity to each other and are distinct from SUMO-1. SUMO-4 shows similarity to SUMO-2/3 but differs in having a Proline instead of Glutamine at position 90. As a result, SUMO-4 isn't processed and conjugated under normal conditions, but is used for modification of proteins under stress-conditions like starvation. During mitosis, SUMO-2/3 localize to centromeres and condensed chromosomes, whereas SUMO-1 localizes to the mitotic spindle and spindle midzone, indicating that SUMO paralogs regulate distinct mitotic processes in mammalian cells.
Structure: SUMO proteins are small; most are around 100 amino acids in length and 12 kDa in mass.Although SUMO has very little sequence identity with ubiquitin at the amino acid level, it has a nearly identical structural fold.
TCR谋右、PKC-θ、T cell synapse organization & activation
偷個懶补箍，這些東西是什么及它們之間的關(guān)系在這篇paper的Introduction里講得很清楚改执，而且不難懂，加持著劃詞翻譯的你一定能看懂的馏予，真有地方看不懂可以來打我問我天梧。
想看到他們長什么樣？這里有些圖
當(dāng)然了霞丧，不是完全不需要看懂呢岗，不過只要看得出信號是從TCR-CD3復(fù)合體和CD28共同的stimulation到PKC-θ再到NF-κB等一票因子，就夠去讀我們的文獻了蛹尝。
對呀對呀后豫，文獻到底說了些啥？李迎秋老師到底在Nature Immunology上搞了什么大新聞突那？別急挫酿，讀完上面的東西，你肯定已經(jīng)能讀懂我們可愛的主題文獻的Introduction了愕难，它會告訴你李老師工作成果的大致情況早龟，以及這項研究解決了什么科學(xué)問題。等你讀完了猫缭，我可要拿上面的問題問你哦~
好了葱弟，我已經(jīng)寫不動了相信一路讀下來你也已經(jīng)累了，好好休息會先吧~如果你覺得自己已經(jīng)搞定了Introduction猜丹，為自己鼓個掌吧
