Day 1 讀書筆記

Select suitable reading materials and embark on my reading adventure

The book I picked for myself is Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead,?whose author Sheryl Kara Sandberg (born August 28, 1969), is an American technology executive, activist. She is the Harvard-educated chief operating officer of Facebook and a self-avowed feminist who wants to transform the role of women in the workplace.?

Though parts of her book are regarded as helpful to virtually every professional woman navigating the workplace. But . . . considering her social status as an incredibly wealthy — reportedly worth hundreds of millions — white, married woman, so is too often tone-deaf to her voice of privilege. This makes it hard to close the distance between lucky her and the women who could most benefit from her advocacy. It’s a problem that plays out time and again in “Lean In.”

More problematic is the fact that Sandberg’s advice is also pitched so relentlessly at straight, presumably white, mostly college-educated women who are or want to be partnered and have children. While clearly that amounts to a huge swathe of American women, would it have killed her to include some sections on how her advice might differentially apply to women of color, single moms, older women, or the nonstraight? The book is written for middle class professionals, so it’s not surprising that it offers little for working class women. But Sandberg’s failure to recognize and address the diverse needs and interests her female professional readership is a serious limitation of her book.

I myself find this book really enlightening though. Identifying women’s problematic behaviors is helpful — there are moments reading this book when my head snapped back and I said to myself, “Oh, so?that’swhat it is!” Sandberg is an engaging story-teller and she deploys personal anecdote to judicious effect. When you see that gender-specific confidence problems etc. plague even her, you start to realize how significant these problems are for women as a class. Which is why, when she gives you the tools to attack these problems, it can feel powerful.

Below are some quotes form this book that I want to share:

"Womenhold themselves backin ways both big and small, by lacking self-confidence, by not raising their hands, and bypulling backwhen they should beleaning in."

Hold themselves back: 限制自己耸峭、自我束縛

Pulling back: 退縮

Leaning in: 勇往直前

"Men are continually applauded for beingambitiousand powerful and successful, but women who display these sametraitsoften pay a social penalty.?Female accomplishments come at a cost."

Applauded: 被贊賞

Ambitious: 有野心的青抛、有事業(yè)心的

Traits: 特質(zhì)

Accomplishments: 成就

Come at a cost: 付出代價(jià)

"Success and likability are positively correlated for men and negatively for women."

Likability: 受歡迎程度时甚、討人喜歡的程度

Correlated: 相關(guān)聯(lián)儿奶、有互相關(guān)系

“I realized that searching for a mentor has become the professional equivalent of waiting for Prince Charming. Once again, we are teaching women to be dependent on others.”

Searching for: 尋找

Mentor: (職場)導(dǎo)師

Equivalent: 等同

Prince Charming: 白馬王子

Dependent: 依靠暂刘、依賴

“When looking for a life partner, my advice to women is to date all of them: the bad boys, the cool boys, the commitment-phobic boys, the crazy boys.”

Life partner: 人生伴侶

Date: 約會(huì)

Bad boys: 壞男孩兒

Cool boys: 酷男孩兒

Commitment-phobic boys: 不做承諾的男孩兒

Crazy boys: 瘋狂的男孩兒

“When it comes time to settle down,find someone who wants an equal partner. These men existand, trust me, over time, nothing is sexier.”

Settle down: 定下來

Equal: 平等的

Exist: 存在

Nothing is sexier: 這是最性感熄诡、最吸引人的

Day3-5 《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》精讀

Britain’s missing middle

The leaders of both main parties have turned away from adecades-old vision of an open, liberal country

英國《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》周刊6月3日發(fā)表題為《中間派淡出英國政壇》的封面文章稱频丘，保守派和工黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人雖然分列左右兩派郁稍，但都希望拉起英國通往世界的吊橋辜梳。無論是左派還是右派勝出粱甫，落敗的都將是自由主義。

BRITAIN last voted in a general election just two years ago.Back then, the country was a bridge between the European Union and Barack Obama’s America. Its economy was?on the mend?after years of?squeezed?living standards. Scottish independence had just been ruled out. Labour’s most controversial policy was a plan to cap energy prices, denounced as “Marxist” by the Tories[1],who went on to win.

英國上一次大選投票是短短兩年前作瞄。那時(shí)茶宵，這個(gè)國家是歐盟和奧巴馬領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的美國之間的橋梁。其經(jīng)濟(jì)在生活水平受擠壓多年后逐漸好轉(zhuǎn)宗挥。蘇格蘭獨(dú)立的可能性剛剛被排除乌庶。工黨最有爭議的政策是設(shè)定能源價(jià)格上限計(jì)劃，保守黨人斥之為“馬克思主義”，他們進(jìn)而贏了。

mend

/mend/ noun

IDM?on the?‘mend?(informal) getting better after an illness or injury; improving after adifficult situation康復(fù)而晒；好轉(zhuǎn)；改善透敌；改進(jìn)

My leg is definitely on themend now.

我的腿正在明顯地好轉(zhuǎn)。

Does he believe theeconomy's really on the mend?

他相信經(jīng)濟(jì)確實(shí)在復(fù)蘇嗎踢械？

Today Britain finds itself in a different era. The vote for Brexithas committed it to leaving its biggest trading partner and?snuggling?closer to others, including a less-welcoming America. The economy has held up better than many feared but growth is slowing; investors are?jittery. The unionis?fraying?again. Real wages have stagnated. Public services are stretched. Political parties have responded in radically different ways. All have replaced their leaders. Jeremy Corbyn[2]?has taken Labour to the?loony?left, proposing the heaviest tax burden since the second world war. The Conservative prime minister, Theresa May, promises a hard exit from the EU. The Liberal Democrats[3]?would go for a soft version, or even reverse it.

如今酗电，英國所處的時(shí)代已然不同。英國脫歐投票結(jié)果使之必須離開其最大的貿(mào)易伙伴内列，而向其他國家撵术、包括不像從前那么受歡迎的美國靠攏。經(jīng)濟(jì)的維持狀況比許多人擔(dān)心的要強(qiáng)德绿，但增長速度在減緩荷荤；投資者緊張不安退渗。聯(lián)合局面再次受到削弱。實(shí)際工資停滯不前蕴纳。公共服務(wù)捉襟見肘会油。

snug?gle

/?sn?gl/ verb ~ (up to sb/sth) [+adv./prep.]

to get into, or to put sb/

sth into, a warm comfortable position, especially close to sb（使）依偎，緊貼古毛，蜷伏

[V]

The child snuggled up to hermother.

孩子依偎著母親翻翩。

He snuggled down under thebedclothes.

他躺下以后蓋上被子，很舒服稻薇。

jittery

[ADJ-GRADED]If someone isjittery, they feel nervous or are behaving nervously.[INFORMAL]

International investorshave become jittery about the country's economy.

loony

[lu:ni]

loonies, loonier, looniest

1.[ADJ-GRADED(disapproval)]If you describe someone's behaviour or ideas as loony, you meanthat they seem mad, strange, or eccentric.[INFORMAL]

What's she up to? She's asloony as her brother!

//...loony feminist nonsense.

2.[N-COUNT (disapproval)]Ifyou refer to someone as a loony, you mean that they behave in a way that seemsmad, strange, or eccentric.[INFORMAL]

At first they all thought Iwas a loony.

fray

/fre?/ verb

1.if cloth frays or sth

frays it, the threads in it start to come apart（使織物邊沿）磨損嫂冻，磨散

[V]

The cuffs of his shirt werefraying.

他襯衣的袖口磨破了。

This material frays easily.

這布料容易磨損塞椎。

[VN]

It was fashionable to fraythe bottoms of your jeans.

曾經(jīng)時(shí)興把牛仔褲磨毛桨仿。

2.if sb's nerves or

TEMPER? frays or sth frays them, the person starts to get irritated

or annoyed（使）煩躁，惱火

[V]

As the debate went on,tempers began to fray.

隨著辯論的繼續(xù)案狠，火氣就上來了服傍。

[also VN]

frayed adj.

frayed denim shorts

磨損的牛仔短褲

Tempers were getting veryfrayed.

脾氣變得暴躁起來。

IDM ?fray at/ around the

'edges/ 'seams to start to come apart or to fail開始卷邊骂铁；脫線腳吹零；分崩離析；失敗

Support for the leader wasfraying at the edges.

對(duì)這位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的擁護(hù)已開始瓦解拉庵。

fray /fre?/ noun

the fray [sing.] a fight, a

competition or an argument, especially one that is exciting or seen as a test

of your ability打斗灿椅，競爭，爭辯（尤指激烈或視為檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Φ模?/p>

They were ready for thefray.

他們準(zhǔn)備好了爭斗钞支。

to enter/ join the fray

加入爭辯

At 71, he has now retiredfrom the political fray.

他現(xiàn)年71歲茫蛹，已經(jīng)退出了政治角逐。

The party leaders could hardly differ more in their style and beliefs. And yet a thread links the two possible winners of this election.Though they sit on different points of the left-right spectrum, the Tory and Labour leaders are united in their desire to?pull up?Britain’s?drawbridge?to the world. Both Mrs May and Mr Corbyn would each in their own way step back from the ideas that have made Britain prosper—its free markets, open borders and internationalism. They would junk a political settlementt hat has lasted for nearly 40 years and influenced a generation of Westerngovernments (see page 15). Whether left or right prevails, the loser will beliberalism.

各黨競選回避自由主義

各政黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的風(fēng)格和信念相去甚遠(yuǎn)烁挟。然而麻惶，有一根主線將此次選舉的兩個(gè)可能獲勝者連接起來。保守派和工黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人雖然分列左右兩派信夫，但都希望拉起英國通往世界的吊橋。梅和工黨領(lǐng)袖科爾賓將以各自的方式避免宣揚(yáng)讓英國走向繁榮的理念——自由市場卡啰、開放的邊界和國際主義静稻。他們會(huì)拋棄延續(xù)了將近40年、影響了整整一代西方國家政府的政治解決辦法匈辱。無論是左派還是右派勝出振湾，落敗的都將是自由主義。

drawbridge

/?dr??br?d? $ ?dr??-/BrEAmEnoun [countable]

1. a bridge that can bepulled up to stop people from entering a castle, or to let ships pass

2. pull up the drawbridge

a) to stop being involvedin something:

Perhaps we should just pull up the drawbridgeand let them get on with it.

b) to stop more peoplecoming into a country, joining an organization etc

Labour, the conservative party

Mr Corbyn poses as a radical but is the most conservative—andthe most dangerous—candidate of the lot. He wants to take the railways, water and postal service back into public ownership. He would?resurrect?collective pay-bargaining and raise the minimum wage tothe point where 60% of young workers’ salaries are set by the state. His tax plan takes aim at high earners and firms, who would behave in ways his costings ignore. University would be free, as it was until the 1990s—a vast subsidy for the middle class and a blow to the poor, more of whom have enrolled since tuition fees helped create more places.

科爾賓擺出一副激進(jìn)的樣子亡脸，卻是最保守——也是最危險(xiǎn)——的人選押搪。他想讓鐵路树酪、水和郵政服務(wù)重歸公有。他將重振集體薪酬談判制度大州，提高最低工資续语，乃至年輕工人60%的工資由國家訂立。他的稅收計(jì)劃瞄準(zhǔn)高收入者和企業(yè)厦画。

resurrect /?rez??rekt/ verb[VN]

1.to bring back into use

sth, such as a belief, a practice, etc., that had disappeared or been forgotten重新應(yīng)用疮茄；恢復(fù)使用；使復(fù)興SYNREVIVE

2.to bring a dead person

back to life起死回生根暑；使復(fù)活

On Brexit, Labour sounds softer than the Tories but it spolicy comes to much the same. It would end free movement of people,?precluding?membership of the single market. Mr Corbyn is more relaxed than Mrs May about migration, which might open the door to a slightly better deal on trade. But his lifelong opposition to globalisation hardly makes him the man tonegotiate one.

關(guān)于英國脫歐力试，工黨的論調(diào)聽起來比保守黨要溫和，但其政策大同小異排嫌。它將終止人員的自由流動(dòng)畸裳，排除加入單一市場的可能性〈镜兀科爾賓在移民問題上的態(tài)度比梅要寬松一些怖糊，這也許會(huì)給達(dá)成稍好的貿(mào)易協(xié)議敞開大門。但他一貫反對(duì)全球化薇芝，因而恐怕不可能談妥那樣一份協(xié)議蓬抄。

preclude

[pr?klu:d]

precludes, precluding,precluded

1.[VERB]If somethingprecludes an event or action, it prevents the event or action fromhappening.[FORMAL]

[V n/-ing]At 84, John feelshis age precludes too much travel...

[V n/-ing]He would rebuffenquiries in such a way as to preclude any further discussion.

Syn:prevent

2.[VERB]If somethingprecludes you from doing something or going somewhere, it prevents you fromdoing it or going there.[FORMAL]

[V n from -ing/n]Aconstitutional amendment precludes any president from serving more than twoterms...

[V n from -ing/n]In somecases poor English precluded them from ever finding a job.

Syn:prevent

No economic liberal, Mr Corbyn does not much value personal freedomeither. An?avowed?human-rights campaigner, he has embraced left-wing tyrants such as Hugo Chávez and Fidel Castro (a “champion of social justice”), wholocked up opponents and?muzzled?the press. Mr Corbyn has spent a career claiming to stand for the oppressed while backing oppressors.

avowed

[?vɑ?d]

1.[ADJ: ADJ n]If you are anavowed supporter or opponent of something, you have declared that you supportit or oppose it.[FORMAL]

She is an avowed vegetarian.

Derived word:avowedly [?vɑ??dli]

[ADV] [usu ADV adj/-ed]He remained for some years avowedly radical in his political outlook.

2.[ADJ: ADJ n]An avowedbelief or aim is one that you have declared formally or publicly.[FORMAL]

//...the council's avowedintention to stamp on racism.

muzzle

/?m?zL; ?m?z$l/ N[C]

1. the nose and mouth of an

animal, especially a dog or horse〔尤指狗或馬等動(dòng)物的〕鼻口部，吻

2. a cover that you put

over a dog’s mouth to stop it from biting people〔防止狗咬人而套在狗口部的〕口套

3. the open end of a gun,

where the bullets come out槍口

muzzle

V[T]

1. to prevent someone from

saying what they think in public使緘默夯到，封住…的嘴嚷缭；鉗制…的言論；同gag :

an attempt by the

government to muzzle the country’s media政府欲使國內(nèi)媒體保持緘默的企圖

2. to put a muzzle over a

dog’s mouth so that it cannot bite people給〔狗〕戴口套

Candidate of nowhere

The Tories would be much better than Labour. But they, too, would raise the drawbridge. Mrs May plans to leave the EU’s single market, once cherished by Tories as one of Margaret Thatcher’s greatest achievements. Worse, she insists on cutting net migration by nearly two-thirds. Brexit will makethis grimly easier, since Britain will offer fewer and worse jobs. Even then, she will not meet the target without starving the economy of the skills itneeds to prosper—something she ought to know, having missed it for six years as home secretary.

保守黨會(huì)比工黨要好得多耍贾。但他們也會(huì)拉起吊橋阅爽。梅打算退出歐盟的單一市場，而那曾被保守黨視為瑪格麗特·撒切爾夫人的最大成就之一荐开。更糟糕的是付翁，她堅(jiān)持要將移民數(shù)量減少近三分之二。脫歐將使之變得更加容易實(shí)現(xiàn)晃听，因?yàn)橛芴峁┑木蜆I(yè)崗位將越來越少百侧、越來越差。

Her?illiberal?instincts go beyond her suspicion of globally?footloose?“citizens of nowhere”. Like Mr Corbyn she proposes newrights for workers, without considering that it would make firms less likely to hire them in the first place. She wants to make it harder for foreign companiesto buy British ones.

Her?woolly?“industrial strategy” seems to involve picking favoured industries and firms, as when unspecified “support and assurances” were given to Nissan after the carmaker threatened to leave Britainafter Brexit. She has even adopted Labour’s “Marxist” policy of energy-pricecaps.

她反對(duì)自由主義的本能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不只表現(xiàn)在以懷疑的眼光看待在全球范圍內(nèi)任意行走的“無歸屬公民”能扒。跟科爾賓一樣佣渴，她提議給予工人新的權(quán)利，卻未考慮到這樣做會(huì)使企業(yè)變得根本不太可能雇用他們初斑。她希望增加外國公司收購英國企業(yè)的難度辛润。她混亂的“工業(yè)戰(zhàn)略”似乎包括對(duì)行業(yè)和公司有所偏向，比如當(dāng)有日產(chǎn)公司揚(yáng)言要在英國脫歐后退出英國见秤，而她則因此表示將給予該汽車制造商詳情不明的“支持和保證”砂竖。

illiberal

[?l?b?r(?)l]

[ADJ-GRADED

(disapproval)]If you describe someone or something as illiberal, you are

critical of them because they do not allow or approve of much freedom or choice

of action.不容言論（或行動(dòng)）自由的真椿；不開明的

//...the sort of illiberallegislation which could only be justified by a serious emergency...

His views are markedlyilliberal.

footloose

[f'?tlu:s]

1.[ADJ-GRADED]If you

describe someone as footloose, you mean that they have no responsibilities or

commitments, and are therefore free to do what they want and go where they

want.行動(dòng)無拘無束的；自由自在的

People that are single tendto be more footloose.

Ant:tied down

2.[PHRASE: usu v-linkPHR]If you describe someone as footloose and fancy-free, you mean that they arenot married or in a similar relationship, and you therefore consider them tohave very few responsibilities or commitments.

In the eyes of the public,a divorced man is footloose and fancy-free.

woolly

/?w?li/ adj.

(NAmE also wooly)

1.covered with wool or with

hair like wool有毛覆蓋的乎澄；毛狀物覆蓋的

woolly monkeys

毛茸茸的猴子

2.(informal, especially

BrE) made of wool; like wool毛制的突硝；毛的；似毛的SYNWOOLLEN

a woolly hat

毛質(zhì)的帽子

3.(of people or their

ideas, etc.人或思想等) not thinking clearly; not clearly expressed糊涂的三圆；混亂的狞换；模糊的SYNCONFUSED

woolly arguments

混亂的論點(diǎn)

And though she is in a different class from Mr Corbyn, thereare also doubts about her leadership. She wanted the election campaign to establish her as a “strong and stable” prime minister. It has done the opposite. In January we called her “Theresa Maybe” for her indecisiveness. Now the centre piece of her manifesto, a plan to make the elderly pay more for socialcare, was?reversed?after just four days. Much else is vague: she leaves the door open to tax increases, without setting out a policy. She relies on aclosed circle of advisers with an?insular?outlook and little sense of how the economy works. It does not?bode well?for the Brexit talks. A campaign meant to?cement?her authority feels like one in which she has been found out.

雖然她和科爾賓來自不同階層，但她的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力也受到質(zhì)疑舟肉。她希望借此次競選確立其“強(qiáng)大而穩(wěn)定”的首相形象修噪。結(jié)果正相反。我們因其優(yōu)柔寡斷而稱她為“特雷莎·也許”路媚。其他許多內(nèi)容含糊不清：她在加稅問題上未制定政策黄琼，留下余地。她依賴一個(gè)眼光狹隘整慎、不懂經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)作的封閉的顧問圈子脏款。這對(duì)英國脫歐來說不是個(gè)好兆頭。此次競選的本意是要鞏固她的權(quán)威裤园，卻讓人覺得她在這個(gè)過程中被揭穿了撤师。

reverse

/r??v?:s; NAmE r??v?:rs?/verb

CHANGE TO OPPOSITE轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)立面

1. [VN] to change sth

completely so that it is the opposite of what it was before顛倒；徹底轉(zhuǎn)變拧揽；使完全相反

to reverse a procedure/process/ trend

徹底改變程序╱過程╱趨勢

The government has failedto reverse the economic decline.

政府未能扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡的趨勢剃盾。

It is sometimes possible toarrest or reverse the disease.

有時(shí)可以阻止病情發(fā)展或使病情徹底好轉(zhuǎn)。

2. [VN] to change a

previous decision, law, etc. to the opposite one撤銷淤袜，廢除（決定痒谴、法律等）SYNREVOKE

The Court of Appealreversed the decision.

上訴法庭撤銷了這項(xiàng)裁決。

3. [VN] to turn sth the

opposite way around or change the order of sth around使反轉(zhuǎn)铡羡；使次序顛倒

Writing is reversed in amirror.

鏡子里的字是反的积蔚。

You should reverse the order of these pages.

你該把這幾頁的順序顛倒過來。

insular

/??nsj?l?(r); NAmE ??ns?l?r?/adj.

1.(disapproving) only

interested in your own country, ideas, etc. and not in those from outside只關(guān)心本國利益的烦周；思想偏狹的尽爆；保守的

The British are oftenaccused of being insular.

英國人常被指責(zé)為思想偏狹。

2. (technical術(shù)語) connected with

an island or islands海島的读慎；島嶼的

the coastal and insularareas

沿海和島嶼區(qū)域

in?su?lar?ity /??nsju?l?r?ti;NAmE -s??l-?/ noun [U]

bode

[bo?d]

bodes, boding, boded

[VERB]If something?bodes

ill, it makes you think that something bad will happen in the future. Ifsomething?bodes well, it makes you think that something good willhappen.（對(duì)某人╱某事）是吉兆教翩，是兇兆[FORMAL]

[V adv for n]She says theway the bill was passed bodes ill for democracy...

[V adv]Grace had dried hereyes. That boded well.

cement

/s??ment/ noun

[U]

1a grey powder made by

burning ?CLAY?and ?LIME?that sets hard when it is mixed

with water. Cement is used in building to stick bricks together and to make

very hard surfaces.水泥

2the hard substance that is

formed when cement becomes dry and hard（干燥后硬化的）水泥

a floor of cement

水泥地板

a cement floor

水泥地板

—see also?CONCRETE?, ?MORTAR

3a soft substance that

becomes hard when dry and is used for sticking things together or filling in

holes膠合劑；膠接劑贪壳；粘固粉

dental cement (= forfilling holes in teeth)

補(bǔ)牙用的粘固粉

4(formal) something that

unites people in a common interest（使有共同利益者聯(lián)合起來的）紐帶，凝聚力

values which are the cementof society

使社會(huì)具有凝聚力的價(jià)值觀念

cement

/s??ment/ verb

[VN]

1 [often passive] ~ A and B

(together) to join two things together using?CEMENT?, glue, etc.（用水泥蚜退、膠等）粘結(jié)闰靴，膠合

2to make a relationship, an

agreement, etc. stronger加強(qiáng)彪笼，鞏固（關(guān)系等）SYNSTRENGTHEN

The President's visit wasintended to cement the alliance between the two countries.

總統(tǒng)的訪問是為了加強(qiáng)兩國的聯(lián)盟。

It is a dismal choice for this newspaper, which sees little evidence of our classical, free-market liberal values in either of the mainparties. We believe that, as it leaves the EU, Britain should remain open: tobusiness, investment and people. Brexit will do least damage if seen as anembrace of the wider world, not simply a rejection of Europe. We want agovernment that maintains the closest ties with the EU while honouring the referendum, and that uses Brexit to reassert the freedom of Britain’s markets and society—the better to keep dynamic firms and talented people around. In their different ways, both Labour and the Tories fail this test.

這在本刊看來是一次令人沮喪的抉擇蚂且，因?yàn)闆]有證據(jù)表明任何一個(gè)主要政黨奉行我國傳統(tǒng)的自由市場自由主義價(jià)值觀配猫。我們認(rèn)為，在退出歐盟時(shí)杏死，英國應(yīng)該保持開放：對(duì)企業(yè)泵肄、對(duì)投資、對(duì)人民淑翼。如果把英國脫歐看作對(duì)更廣闊世界的接納而非純屬厭棄歐洲腐巢，那它造成的損害就會(huì)最小。我們希望政府在尊重公投結(jié)果的同時(shí)與歐盟保持最密切的聯(lián)系玄括，利用英國脫歐重新彰顯英國市場和社會(huì)的自由度——那更有利于留住富有活力的企業(yè)和才華橫溢的人才冯丙。

No party?passes?with flying colours[4]. But the closest is the Liberal Democrats. Brexit is the main task of the next government and they want membership of the single market and free movement. (Their second referendum would probably come to nothing, as most voters are?reconciled?to leaving the EU.) They are more honest than the Tories about the need to raise taxes for public services; and more sensible than Labour, spreading the burden rather than leaning only on high-earners. Unlike Labour they would reverse the Tories’ most?regressive?welfare cuts. They are on the right side of other issues: for?devolution?of power from London, reform of the voting system and the House of Lords, and regulation of markets for drugs and sex.

沒有哪個(gè)政黨成功地通過考驗(yàn)。但最接近于過關(guān)的是自由民主黨遭京。英國脫歐是下屆政府的主要任務(wù)胃惜，而他們希望保留單一市場成員資格，希望自由流動(dòng)哪雕。他們比保守黨要誠實(shí)船殉，認(rèn)為有必要為了公共服務(wù)而加稅；比工黨要明智斯嚎，分散負(fù)擔(dān)而不是單純依靠高收入者利虫。與工黨不同，他們將逆轉(zhuǎn)保守黨的大多數(shù)遞減式福利削減孝扛。他們?cè)谄渌麊栴}上立于右側(cè)：關(guān)于權(quán)力從倫敦下放列吼，關(guān)于投票制度和上議院改革，關(guān)于毒品和性交易市場的監(jiān)管苦始。

reconcile

/?rek?nsa?l/ verb [VN]

1. ~ sth (with sth) to find

an acceptable way of dealing with two or more ideas, needs, etc. that seem to

be opposed to each other使和諧一致寞钥；調(diào)和；使配合

an attempt to reconcile theneed for industrial development with concern for the environment

協(xié)調(diào)工業(yè)發(fā)展的需要和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間關(guān)系的努力

It was hard to reconcile hiscareer ambitions with the needs of his children.

他很難兼顧事業(yè)上的抱負(fù)和孩子們的需要陌选。

2. [usually passive] ~ sb

(with sb) to make people become friends again after an argument or a

disagreement使和解理郑；使和好如初

The pair were reconciledafter Jackson made a public apology.

杰克遜公開道歉之后，這兩個(gè)人又言歸于好了咨油。

He has recently beenreconciled with his wife.

他最近已經(jīng)和妻子和好了您炉。

3.~ sb/ yourself (to

sth) tomake sb/ yourself accept an unpleasant situation because it is notpossible to change it將就；妥協(xié)SYNRESIGN YOURSELF TO

He could not reconcilehimself to the prospect of losing her.

他一想到有可能失去她役电，就覺得難以忍受舶担。

rec?on?cil?able /?rek?n?sa?l?bl/adj.

regressive

/r??gres?v/ adj.

1.becoming or making sth

less advanced退化的缤苫；倒退的劫拢；退步的

The policy has beencondemned as a regressive step.

這項(xiàng)政策被認(rèn)為是一種倒退而受到譴責(zé)嘶炭。

2.(technical術(shù)語) (of taxes稅收) having less

effect on the rich than on the poor遞減的（對(duì)富人的影響比對(duì)窮人的小）

devolution

[di:v?lu:?(?)n, dev-]

[N-UNCOUNT: oft N of

n]Devolution is the transfer of some authority or power from a central

organization or government to smaller organizations or government departments.（中央政府向地方政府的）權(quán)力下放，權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移，分權(quán)

//...the devolution ofpower to the regions...

We are talking aboutdevolution for Scotland.

Like the other parties, they want to?fiddle with?markets by, say, giving tenants?first dibs?on buying their property.Their environmentalism is sometimes?knee-jerk, as in their opposition to new runways and?fracking. The true liberals in the party?jostle with?left-wingers, including Tim Farron, who is leading them to a dreadful result. But against a backward-looking Labour Party and an inward-looking Tory party about to?compound?its historic mistake over Brexit, they get our vote.

fid?dle

/?f?dl/ verb

1. [V] ~ (with sth) to keep

touching or moving sth with your hands, especially because you are bored or

nervous（尤指厭煩或緊張地）不斷摸弄，不停擺弄

He was fiddling with hiskeys while he talked to me.

和我談話時(shí)他不停地?cái)[弄鑰匙麻掸。

2. [VN] (informal) to

change the details or figures of sth in order to try to get money dishonestly,

or gain an advantage篡改；偽造赐纱；對(duì)…做手腳

to fiddle the accounts

篡改賬目

She fiddled the books (=changed a company's financial records) while working as an accountant.

她當(dāng)會(huì)計(jì)時(shí)對(duì)賬簿做了手腳脊奋。

3. [V] (informal) to play

music on the ?VIOLIN拉小提琴

PHR V ?fiddle a'bout/

a'round to spend your time doing things that are not important虛度光陰；瞎混

?fiddle a'bout/ a'roundwith sth | 'fiddle with sth

1.to keep touching sth or

making small changes to sth because you are not satisfied with it不斷擺弄疙描；不停對(duì)…作小修小改

I've been fiddling aboutwith this design for ages.

我不斷地修改這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)好長時(shí)間了诚隙。

2.to touch or move the parts

of sth in order to try to change it or repair it撥弄，擺弄（為改變或修理某物）

Who's been fiddling withthe TV again?

誰又在擺弄電視機(jī)了淫痰？

fid?dle /?f?dl/ noun

(informal)

1. [C] = ?VIOLIN

2. [C] (BrE) something that

is done dishonestly to get money欺詐最楷；騙錢行為；騙局SYNFRAUD

an insurance/ tax, etc.fiddle

保險(xiǎn)待错、納稅等騙局

3. [sing.] (BrE) an act of

moving sth or adjusting sth in order to make it work修理籽孙；調(diào)整；擺弄

4. [sing.] (BrE) something

that is difficult to do難事

IDM?be on the?‘fiddle?(BrE) to be doing sth dishonest to get money搞騙錢勾當(dāng)

play second?‘fiddle?(to sb/ sth) to be treated as less important than

sb/ sth; to have a less important position than sb/ sth else當(dāng)?shù)诙咽只鸲恚痪哟我匚环附ǎ划?dāng)副手

—more at ?FIT?adj.

dibs

dibs /d?bz/

PLURAL NOUN

informal

1. (usually in phrase?have?first dibs) The right to share or choose something.

The trouble for equityinvestors is that the debtholders have first dibs over the initial ￡2.9b of anyvaluation, and possibly even more than that as Marconi will need to retain someof its cash for working capital purposes.

knee-jerk

ADJ[only before noun僅用于名詞前]

a knee-jerk reaction,

answer etc is what you feel or say about a situation from habit, without

thinking about it本能反應(yīng)的，自動(dòng)作出反應(yīng)的瓜客；

同automatic :

A victim’s knee-jerk

reaction to the crime is often revenge.受害人對(duì)罪案的本能反應(yīng)常常是報(bào)復(fù)适瓦。

fracking

frack|ing /?frak??/

NOUN

[mass noun]

The process of injectingliquid at high pressure into subterranean rocks, boreholes, etc. so as to forceopen existing fissures and extract oil or gas:

fracking has created ashale gas boom in the United States

Also called hydraulicfracturing.

Companies that practicefracking have not disclosed the names of chemicals they use in the past becausethey say they are "trade secrets."

jostle

[??s(?)l]

jostles, jostling, jostled

1.[VERB]If people jostleyou, they bump against you or push you in a way that annoys you, usuallybecause you are in a crowd and they are trying to get past you.

[V n]You get 2,000 peoplejostling each other and bumping into furniture...

[V prep/adv]We spent anhour jostling with the crowds as we did our shopping...

[V to-inf]She was cheeredand clapped by tourists who jostled to see her. [Also V way adv/prep, V nprep/adv]

2.[VERB]If people or thingsare jostling for something such as attention or a reward, they are competingwith other people or things in order to get it.

[V for n]//...thecontenders who have been jostling for the top job...

[V for n]There is a widespread of stories jostling for coverage on today's front pages.

compound verb

/k?m?pa?nd/ [VN]

1. [often passive] to make

sth bad become even worse by causing further damage or problems使加重；使惡化

The problems werecompounded by severe food shortages.

嚴(yán)重的食物短缺使問題進(jìn)一步惡化谱仪。

2.be compounded of/ from

sth (formal) to be formed from sth由…構(gòu)成（或形成）

The DNA molecule iscompounded from many smaller molecules.

脫氧核糖核酸分子是由許多更小的分子組成的玻熙。

3. [often passive] (formal

or technical術(shù)語) to mix sth together混合；摻和疯攒；拌和

liquid soaps compoundedwith disinfectant

用消毒劑混合制成的皂液

4 (finance財(cái)) to pay or charge

interest on an amount of money that includes any interest already earned or

charged支付嗦随，收取（復(fù)利）

Backing the open, free-market centre is not just directedtowards this election. We know that this year the Lib Dems are going nowhere. But the?whirlwind?unleashed by Brexit is unpredictable. Labour has been on the brink of breaking up since Mr Corbyn took over. If Mrs May polls badlyor messes up Brexit, the Tories may split, too. Many moderate Conservative and Labour MPs could join a new liberal centre party—just as parts of the left and right have recently in France. So consider a vote for the Lib Dems as a down-payment for the future. Our hope is that they become one element of a party of the radical centre, essential for a thriving, prosperous Britain.

支持開放的敬尺、奉行自由市場的中間派不僅僅針對(duì)此次選舉枚尼。我們知道今年自由民主黨不會(huì)有收獲。但英國脫歐掀起的旋風(fēng)是不可預(yù)測的砂吞。工黨自科爾賓接管以來瀕臨瓦解署恍。如果梅在民意調(diào)查中成績欠佳或搞砸了英國脫歐，那么保守黨可能也會(huì)分裂蜻直。許多溫和的保守黨和工黨議員也許會(huì)加入一個(gè)新的自由主義中間黨派盯质，就像前不久法國部分左派和右派人士所做的那樣袁串。所以，不妨把投票支持自由民主黨看作為未來繳納首付唤殴。我們希望他們成為一個(gè)激進(jìn)中間派政黨的組成部分般婆，那對(duì)于英國的繁榮昌盛至關(guān)重要。

whirlwind

[(h)w?:(r)lw?nd]

whirlwinds

1.[N-COUNT]A whirlwind is atall column of air which spins round and round very fast and moves across theland or sea.

2.[N-COUNT: usu sing, withsupp, usu N of n]You can describe a situation in which a lot of things happenvery quickly and are very difficult for someone to control as a whirlwind.

I had been running aroundsouthern England in a whirlwind of activity...

He had been swept aside inthe whirlwind of reform and anarchy.

3.[ADJ: ADJ n]A whirlwindevent or action happens or is done much more quickly than normal.

He got married after awhirlwind romance.

... a whirlwind tour ofFrance.

[1]Tory

(pl. -ies)

(in the UK) a member or supporter of the ConservativeParty

（英國）保守黨黨員朵逝；保守黨支持者

a member of the English political party opposing theexclusion of James II from the succession. It remained the name for members ofthe English, later British, parliamentary party supporting the establishedreligious and political order until the emergence of the Conservative Party inthe 1830s

托利黨黨員（反對(duì)排斥詹姆士二世繼承王位的英格蘭政黨成員；19世紀(jì)30年代保守黨出現(xiàn)以前乡范，支持現(xiàn)存宗教和政治制度的英格蘭及后來英國的議會(huì)黨成員一直沿用此名）配名。比較Whig（義項(xiàng)）

[2]JeremyBernard Corbyn杰里米·科爾賓(/?k??rb?n/;born 26 May 1949) is a British politician who has served as Leader of theLabour Party and Leader of the Opposition since 12 September 2015. He has beenthe Member of Parliament (MP) for Islington North since 1983.

[3]自由民主黨（TheLiberal Democrats，辰荆縮寫為LibDems）渠脉，是英國的自由主義政黨。自由民主黨成立于1988年瓶佳，由自由黨和短暫存在的社會(huì)民主黨合并而成（兩黨于合并前就已結(jié)為政治同盟數(shù)年）芋膘。

[4]With flying colours

Ships serve scientific and cultural needs, as well asthe transportation of goods, and resolving political and national conflict. Inthe past, without the use of modern communication devices, a ship's appearanceupon the immediate return to the port could communicate how the crew fared atsea. Ships that were victorious in their endeavors, for example, an encounterwith an enemy ship, would sail into port with flags flying from the mastheads.On the other hand, a ship that had been defeated, if still afloat, would beforced to "strike her colours", or to take them down, signifying herdefeat. Although the time period is estimated roughly into the Age ofDiscovery, prior to the 18th century these phrases were used solely as nauticalterms, and afterward they began to be used in the vernacular figuratively tosignify any kind of triumph. Also, another phrase, "go down with flyingcolours" or "go down with colours flying" was used to express acommitment; in other words, a resolute crew fighting, even until their shipsinks. A variant of this phrase gives virtually the same meaning, "Nailyour colours to the mast". If the colours, or the flag is nailed onto themast, it cannot be lowered. There is effectively no way to express submission.

Usage

These phrases have been used many times in literaryworks, even in modern-day writings. "With flying colours" has manyvariations preceding it, such as to pass..., came out..., and came through...,but all have the same meaning derived from the literal allusion, to betriumphant or victorious, honorable or to be publicly successful. "Go downwith colours flying" and "Nail your colours to the mast" areused similarly to the nautical allusion, and are phrases to express persistenceor stubbornness.

"Sailing under false colours", stayingconsistent with its nautical origin, is another way to express deception, or tomislead or mystify.

The bitcoin bubble

Virtual vertigo

Are bitcoins like tulips, gold or the dollar—or something else entirely?

MARKETS frequently?froth?and bubble, but the boom in bitcoin, a digital currency, is extraordinary. Although its price is down froman all-time high of $2,420 on May 24th, it has more than doubled in just two months. Anyone clever or lucky enough to have bought $1,000 of bitcoins in July 2010, when the price stood at $0.05, would now have a?stash?worth $46m. Other cryptocurrencies[1]?have soared, too, giving them a collective market value of about $80bn.

froth1

/fr?θ; fr?θ/ N

1. [singular單數(shù),U] a mass of small BUBBLES on the top of a liquid〔液體表面的〕泡沫；同foam :

‘Excellent beer,’ he said,

wiping the froth from his mouth. “好啤酒霸饲∥螅”他擦去嘴邊的泡沫說道。

2. [singular單數(shù), U] small white BUBBLES of SALIVA around a person’s

or animal’s mouth〔人或動(dòng)物嘴里流出的〕白沫

3. [U] talk or ideas that

are attractive but have no real value or meaning〔吸引人的〕空談厚脉，空想：

The book has too much froth

and not enough fact.這本書空話太多习寸，事實(shí)很少。

froth2

V[I]

1. also又作froth up if a liquid froths, it produces or

contains a lot of small BUBBLES on top起泡沫：

When you first open the

bottle the beer will froth for a few seconds.剛打開瓶蓋時(shí)傻工，啤酒會(huì)起幾秒鐘的泡沫霞溪。

2. if someone’s mouth

froths, SALIVA comes out as small white BUBBLES吐白沫

3.froth at the mouth?a) to have SALIVA coming out of your mouth as small white BUBBLES口吐白沫

b)informal to be extremely

angry【非正式】七竅生煙

stash1

/st??; st??/ V[T always +adv/prep] informal

to store something secretly

or safely somewhere【非正式】儲(chǔ)藏，存放中捆，藏匿：

stash sth away

He has money stashed away

in the Bahamas.他把錢藏在巴哈馬鸯匹。

[+ in/under ]

You can stash your gear in

here.你可以把你的裝備存放在這里。

stash2

N[C]

an amount of something that

is kept in a secret place, especially money, weapons, or drugs一批貯藏物〔尤指錢泄伪、武器或毒品〕;

同horde :

Mike went into the bedroom

to check on his stash.邁克進(jìn)房間去查看他藏的東西殴蓬。

[+ of ]

a stash of drugs藏匿的一批毒品

Ascents this steep are rarely sustainable. More often than not, the word “bitcoin” now comes attached to the word “bubble”. But the question ofwhat has driven up the price is important. Is this just a?speculative mania, or is it evidence that bitcoin is taking on a more substantial role as a medium of exchange or a store of value? Put another way, is bitcoin like a tulip[2], gold or the dollar—or is it something else entirely?

specu?la?tive

/?spekj?l?t?v; NAmE also?spekj?le?t?v/ adj.

1.based on guessing or on

opinions that have been formed without knowing all the facts推測的；猜測的臂容；推斷的

2.showing that you are

trying to guess sth揣摩的科雳；忖度的；試探的

She cast a speculative lookat Kate.

她帶著疑問的眼神看了凱特一眼脓杉。

3.(of business activity商業(yè)活動(dòng)) done in the hope of making a profit but involving

the risk of losing money投機(jī)性的糟秘；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性的

mania /?me?ni?/ noun

1. [C, usually sing., U] ~

(for sth/for doing sth) an extremely strong desire or enthusiasm for sth, often

shared by a lot of people at the same time（通常指許多人共有的）強(qiáng)烈的欲望，狂熱球散，極大的熱情SYNCRAZE

He had a mania for fastcars.

他是個(gè)飛車狂尿赚。

Football mania is sweepingthe country.

足球熱正風(fēng)靡全國。

2. [U] (psychology心) a mental illness in which sb has an ?OBSESSION?about

sth that makes them extremely anxious, violent or confused躁狂癥

Start with the case that this is nothing more than a virtual tulip mania, a speculative hysteria in which a rising price encourages ever more buyers, no matter what the asset is. Bitcoin’s recent trajectory certainly seems manic. Retail investors have?piled in. Many already familiar with bitcoin investing have moved on to bet on alternatives, such as Ethereum, and “initialcoin offerings” (ICOs), in which firms issue digital?tokens?of their own.

pile in?also又作pile into sth?phr v

if people pile in, they get into a vehicle very quickly擁進(jìn)，擠進(jìn)凌净，蜂擁進(jìn)入：

Pierre came to pick them up, and they all piled in.皮埃爾開車來接他們悲龟，他們一擁而上。

token /?t??k?n; NAmE ?to?-?/ noun

1.a round piece of metal or plastic used instead of money tooperate some machines or as a form of payment（用以啟動(dòng)某些機(jī)器或用作支付方式的）代幣冰寻，專用輔幣

a parking token

停車專用輔幣

2. (BrE) a piece of paper that you pay for and that sb canexchange for sth in a shop/ store代價(jià)券

a￡20 book/record/ gift token

價(jià)值20英鎊的書券╱唱片券╱禮物券

3.a piece of paper that you can collect when you buy aparticular product and then exchange for sth贈(zèng)券须教；禮券

Collect six tokens for a free T-shirt.

收集到六張禮券可以換一件T恤衫。

4.something that is a symbol of a feeling, a fact, an event,etc.（感覺斩芭、事實(shí)轻腺、事件等的）象征，標(biāo)志划乖，表示贬养，信物SYNEXPRESSION?, ?MARK

Please accept this small gift as a token of our gratitude.

區(qū)區(qū)薄禮，以表謝忱琴庵，請(qǐng)笑納误算。

IDMby the same 'tokenfor the same reasons由于同樣的原因；同樣地

The penalty for failure will be high. But, by the sametoken, the rewards for success will be great.

失敗就要付出沉重的代價(jià)迷殿，同樣儿礼，成功就會(huì)獲得很大的回報(bào)。

token

/?t??k?n; NAmE ?to?-?/ adj.

[only before noun]

1.involving very little effort or feeling and intended onlyas a way of showing other people that you think sb/ sth is important, whenreally you are not sincere裝樣子的贪庙；裝點(diǎn)門面的蜘犁；敷衍的

The government has only made a token gesture towards helpingthe unemployed.

政府只不過是做做樣子表示了一下對(duì)失業(yè)者的幫助。

There was one token woman on the committee (= a woman who isincluded in the group to make it look as if women are always included, althoughthat is not true).

委員會(huì)中有一位裝點(diǎn)門面的女性委員止邮。

2.done as a symbol to show that you are serious about sthand will keep a promise or an agreement or do more later象征性的这橙；作為標(biāo)志的

The government agreed to send a small token force to thearea.

政府同意派遣一小支象征性的部隊(duì)到那一地區(qū)。

a one-day token strike

一天的象征性罷工

3.(of a small amount of money小額款項(xiàng)) that you pay or charge sb only as a symbol,because a payment is expected象征性的（付款或費(fèi)用）SYNNOMINAL

We charge only a token fee for use of the facilities.

我們對(duì)使用這些設(shè)施只收取象征性的費(fèi)用导披。

It looks like a?scammers’ paradise, yet unliketulips, bitcoins have real uses. They now buy everything from pizzas to computers. So if a tulip isn’t the right analogue, how about gold? Bitcoin scertainly seem to bear more than a passing resemblance. Goldbugs mistrust governments and their money printing tendencies; so too do bitcoinesseurs: no central bank is in charge of bitcoin. But a store of value should not bounce around as much as this one does: bitcoin?swung?from more than $1,100 in late 2013 to less than $200 a year later, before climbing,?in fits and starts, to its current dizzying heights.

scam

scam /skam/

NOUN

informal

A dishonest scheme; afraud:

an insurance scam

Why can't they just contentthemselves with diet scams and insurance fraud?

This will focus on mitigatingthe risk of fraud, hacking, identity theft, scams and schemes.

Then (of course) there areall the scams and frauds being perpetrated through the Net.

SYNONYMS

fraud, swindle, fraudulentscheme, racket, trick, diddle

informal con, con trick,flimflam, gyp, kite

British informal ramp,twist

North American informalhustle, grift, shakedown, bunco, boondoggle

Australian informal rort

VERB

(scams, scamming, scammed)

[with object]

Swindle:

a guy that scams oldpensioners out of their savings

It seems the scammers are trying to get increasingly clever, and it's an interesting social engineering trick to try to get people to let down their guard by first warning them abouta scam - and then scamming them anyway.

And now investigators haveto figure out whose claims are legit and who is scamming the system.

However these rules will not stop you from being scammed as a scam is more psychological than anything else.

DERIVATIVES

scammer

/?skam?/

NOUN

May we humbly request yourimmediate and urgent attention to tell you the story of a Nigerian e-mailscammer convicted of wire fraud in Houston, Texas?

Considering the extent to which the scammers go for these scams, all this is likely to do is drive themfurther underground.

If state laws say one thingto stop a scam, can the scammers simply move online?

swing

/sw??/ verb

(swung, swung /sw??/)

HANG AND MOVE擺動(dòng)

1.to move backwards or

forwards or from side to side while hanging from a fixed point; to make sth do

this（使）擺動(dòng)屈扎，搖擺，搖蕩

[V]

His arms swung as hewalked.

他邊走邊擺著雙臂撩匕。

A set of keys swung fromher belt.

她腰帶上掛著的一串鑰匙擺來擺去鹰晨。

As he pushed her, she swunghigher and higher (= while sitting on a swing).

隨著他推她，她在秋千上越蕩越高止毕。

[VN]

He sat on the stool,swinging his legs.

他坐在凳子上晃動(dòng)著兩條腿模蜡。

2. [+adv./prep.] to move

from one place to another by holding sth that is fixed and pulling yourself

along, up, etc.縱身躍向；蕩向扁凛；懸吊到

[VN]

He swung himself out of thecar.

他縱身跳下車忍疾。

[V]

The gunshot sent monkeysswinging away through the trees.

槍聲一響，猴子紛紛在樹叢中飛躍蕩走谨朝。

MOVE IN CURVE弧線運(yùn)動(dòng)

3. [+adv./prep.] to move or

make sth move with a wide curved movement（使）弧線運(yùn)動(dòng)卤妒，轉(zhuǎn)彎甥绿，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)

[V]

A line of cars swung out ofthe palace gates.

一隊(duì)汽車拐出了宮門。

[VN]

He swung his legs over theside of the bed.

他把兩腿移過來放下床则披。

[V-ADJ, VN-ADJ]

The door swung open.

門開了共缕。

She swung the door open.

她把門推開。

TURN QUICKLY迅速轉(zhuǎn)向

4. [+adv./prep.] to turn or

change direction suddenly; to make sth do this（使）突然轉(zhuǎn)向士复，突然轉(zhuǎn)身

[V]

The bus swung sharply tothe left.

公共汽車猛地拐向左邊图谷。

[VN]

He swung the camera aroundto face the opposite direction.

他猛地將照相機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)了個(gè)方向?qū)χ疵妗?/p>

TRY TO HIT試圖擊中

5. ~ (sth) (at sb/ sth) to

try to hit sb/ sth（揮動(dòng)某物）朝…打去

[V]

She swung at me with theiron bar.

她揮著鐵棍朝我打來。

[VN]

He swung another punch inmy direction.

他朝著我這邊又揮了一拳阱洪。

CHANGE OPINION/ MOOD改變意見╱情緒

6. ~ (from A) (to B) | ~

(between A and B) to change or make sb/ sth change from one opinion, mood, etc.

to another（使）改變（意見蜓萄、情緒等）

[V]

The state has swung fromRepublican to Democrat.

這個(gè)州原先支持共和黨，現(xiàn)在倒向了民主黨澄峰。

His emotions swung betweenfear and curiosity.

他時(shí)而害怕，時(shí)而好奇辟犀。

The game could swing eitherway (= either side could win it).

這場比賽勝負(fù)未卜俏竞。

[VN]

I managed to swing themround to my point of view.

我設(shè)法使他們轉(zhuǎn)而接受了我的觀點(diǎn)。

DO/ GET STH做堂竟；獲得

7.(informal) to succeed in

getting or achieving sth, sometimes in a slightly dishonest way（有時(shí)略微不正當(dāng)?shù)兀┇@得魂毁，搞到，辦成

[VN]

We're trying to swing it sothat we can travel on the same flight.

我們正在想法子出嘹，好坐上同一個(gè)航班席楚。

[VNN]

Is there any chance of youswinging us a couple of tickets?

你有沒有可能幫我們弄幾張票？

OF MUSIC音樂

8. [V] to have a strong

rhythm有強(qiáng)勁的節(jié)奏税稼；節(jié)奏感強(qiáng)

OF PARTY聚會(huì)

9. [V] (informal) if aparty, etc.?is swinging, there are a lot of people there having a goodtime熱鬧烦秩；令人開心

IDM?swing the 'balance= ?TIP THE BALANCE/ SCALES? at ?TIP? v.

swing both 'ways(informal) to be ?BISEXUAL?(= sexually

attracted to both men and women)雙性戀；既喜歡異性也喜歡同性

?swing into?‘a(chǎn)ction?to start doing sth quickly and with a lot of energy立即行動(dòng)起來郎仆；馬上大干起來

?swing the?‘lead?(old-fashioned, BrE, informal) (usually used in the

progressive tenses通常用于進(jìn)行時(shí)) to pretend

to be ill/ sick when in fact you are not, especially to avoid work裝病偷懶

I don't think there'sanything wrong with her—she's just swinging the lead.

我認(rèn)為她沒有什么病只祠，只不過是在裝病偷懶而已。

ORI The lead was a weight

at the bottom of a line that sailors used to measure how deep water was when

the ship was near land. 'Swinging the lead' was thought to be an easy task, and

came to mean avoiding hard work. * lead是船靠近陸地時(shí)水手測量水深用的水鉈扰肌。swinging the lead被認(rèn)為是件輕松的工作抛寝，逐漸變成"逃避干重活"的意思。

—more at ?ROOM?n.

PHR V?swing 'by |

'swing by sth(NAmE, informal) to visit a place or person for a short time進(jìn)某處一會(huì)兒曙旭；短暫拜訪盗舰；看望某人一下SYNDROP BY

I'll swing by your house onthe way home from work.

下班回家路過時(shí)我要到你家來一下。

swing/sw??/ noun

MOVEMENT運(yùn)動(dòng)

1 [C] a swinging movement

or rhythm擺動(dòng)桂躏；揮動(dòng)钻趋；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；強(qiáng)勁節(jié)奏

He took a wild swing at theball.

他對(duì)準(zhǔn)球猛地?fù)]拍一擊沼头。

the swing of her hips

她臀部的扭動(dòng)

OF OPINION/ MOOD意見爷绘；情緒

2 [C] a change from one

opinion or situation to another; the amount by which sth changes改變书劝；改變的程度

He is liable to abrupt moodswings (= for example from being very happy to being very sad).

他的情緒易于大起大落。

Voting showed a 10% swingto Labour.

投票顯示10%的人轉(zhuǎn)而支持工黨土至。

HANGING SEAT秋千

3 [C] a seat for swinging

on, hung from above on ropes or chains秋千

The kids were playing onthe swings.

孩子們?cè)谑幥锴А?/p>

IN GOLF高爾夫球

4 [sing.] the swinging

movement you make with your arms and body when you hit the ball in the game of

GOLF揮桿動(dòng)作

I need to work on my swing.

我需要改進(jìn)我的揮桿動(dòng)作购对。

MUSIC音樂

5 [U] a type of

JAZZ?with a smooth rhythm, played especially by big dance bands in

the 1930s搖擺樂（流行于20世紀(jì)30年代）

JOURNEY行程

6 [sing.] (NAmE) a quick

journey, especially one made by a politician, in which sb visits several

different places in a short time（尤指從政者在多處逗留的）短期快速行程

a three-day campaign swingthrough California

為期三天的加利福尼亞巡回競選旅程

IDM?get in/ into the

'swing (of sth)(informal) to get used to an activity or a situation andbecome fully involved in it熟悉（某種情況）；融入（某種活動(dòng)或環(huán)境之中）

go with a 'swing(BrE)

1(of a party or an activity聚會(huì)或活動(dòng)) to be lively and enjoyable熱鬧有趣陶因；氣氛熱烈

2(of music音樂) to have a strong rhythm有強(qiáng)勁的節(jié)奏

in full?‘swing?having reached a very lively level在熱烈進(jìn)行中骡苞；處于興盛階段

When we arrived the partywas already in full swing.

我們趕到時(shí)，聚會(huì)已進(jìn)入高潮楷扬。

?swings and 'roundabouts(BrE, informal) used to say that there are

advantages and disadvantages whatever decision you make（表示無論如何決定都有利有弊）有得必有失

If you earn more, you paymore in tax, so it's all swings and roundabouts.

賺的越多解幽，繳的稅也越多，所以有得必有失

fits and starts

我看書的時(shí)候烘苹，總是看一會(huì)兒躲株，要干別的事兒了，就把書放下镣衡，等有時(shí)間了霜定，再回來看，看看又放在一旁廊鸥。形容這種情況望浩，英語里有個(gè)特別合適的習(xí)慣用語，叫fits and starts惰说。

Fits有陣發(fā)和突發(fā)的意思磨德。Fits and starts這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語的意思是時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的，間歇的吆视，一陣陣的典挑。所以說，象我這種一會(huì)兒拿起書來看揩环，一會(huì)兒又放下搔弄，時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的，就可以說是fits and starts.

有時(shí)候這種時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)也是被逼無奈丰滑，讓我們聽聽下面這個(gè)母親的故事顾犹。

例句-1：When I was a kid,my mom dreamed of going to college. But raising a family didn't allow her tocomplete her coursework on a regular schedule; there was a lot of stopping andstarting again. Although it took her seven years, after numerous fits andstarts, she finally earned her degree.

這個(gè)人回憶說：我還小的時(shí)候，上大學(xué)是媽媽的夢想褒墨，但是因?yàn)橐獛Ш⒆屿潘ⅲ运龥]辦法按時(shí)完成學(xué)業(yè)；她的大學(xué)生活總是開始了又停下郁妈，停下再開始浑玛。雖然斷斷續(xù)續(xù)前后總共用了七年的時(shí)間，但她最終還是拿到了大學(xué)畢業(yè)證書噩咪。

這就叫有志者事竟成顾彰。大家都知道极阅，美國的民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)前后經(jīng)歷的幾十年，非洲裔美國人為了爭取跟白人同等的權(quán)利涨享，多年不懈努力筋搏。美國社會(huì)今天的種族狀況不是一蹴而就，而是經(jīng)過了斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的運(yùn)動(dòng)和停頓厕隧。It was a series of fits and starts.

在使用這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語的時(shí)候奔脐，前面一般都要加上in或者是by.我可以說自己讀書是in fits

and starts;或者說剛才那個(gè)媽媽選修大學(xué)的課程是by fits and starts.

Fits and starts這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語歷史悠久，可以追溯到十四世紀(jì)后期吁讨，開始的時(shí)候只是by fits,是大約100年后加上"and starts"∷栌現(xiàn)在很多人都在網(wǎng)上有自己的博客，我們看看下面這個(gè)人的感觸。

例句-2：Like a lot of myfriends, I have my own blog. The problem is I'm not as consistent as they areabout keeping it. I'll write every day for a week or so, then I won't, thenI'll write some more...I guess it's because my ideas come in fits and starts.

他說：我跟很多朋友一樣，也有自己的博客厅克，但問題是，我沒辦法象他們那樣堅(jiān)持每天寫涣雕。我會(huì)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)星期，然后停一段時(shí)間闭翩，然而再拾起來。這大概是因?yàn)槲业撵`感也是時(shí)有時(shí)無的吧迄埃。

他剛才用的是in fits and starts.其實(shí)在這里疗韵，我們也可以用by fits and starts.兩種說法都可以。我有個(gè)朋友侄非，先生是搞室內(nèi)裝修的蕉汪。幾年前買了棟舊房子，開始自己整修逞怨，但是由于工作忙者疤，只能by fits and starts，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)叠赦，結(jié)果干了五年才算大功告成驹马。

Rather than being just a form of digital gold, bitcoin aspires to?loftier?goals: to be a means of exchange like the euro, yen or the dollar. Regulators are starting to take bitcoin seriously. Some of the price surge can be explained by Japan’s decision to treat bitcoin more like any other currency. Yet the bitcoin system is operating at its limits and its developers cannot agree on how to increase the number of exchanges the system is able to handle. As a result, a transaction now costs nearly $4 in fees on average and takes many tedious hours to confirm. For convenience, a dollar bill beats it hands down.

lofty /?l?fti; NAmE ?l?:fti?/adj. (loft?ier, lofti?est) (formal)

1.(of buildings, mountains,

etc.建筑物、山等) very high and impressive巍峨的除秀；高聳的

lofty ceilings/ rooms/towers

高高的頂棚糯累；屋頂高的房間；高聳的塔樓

2. [usually before noun]

(approving) (of a thought, an aim, etc.思想册踩、目標(biāo)等) deserving praise because of its high moral quality崇高的泳姐；高尚的

lofty ambitions/ ideals/principles

崇高的抱負(fù)╱理想╱原則

3.(disapproving) showing a

belief that you are worth more than other people傲慢的；高傲的SYNHAUGHTY

her lofty disdain for otherpeople

她對(duì)別人不屑一顧的傲慢態(tài)度

loft?ily /-?li/ adv.

lofti?ness noun

Not so dotty

If bitcoin and the other cryptocurrencies are unlike anything else, what are they? The best comparison may be with the internet andthe?dotcom boom[3]?it created in the late 1990s. Like the internet, cryptocurrencies both embody innovation and give rise to more of it. They are experiments in themselves of howto maintain a public database (the “blockchain”[4]) without anybody in particular, a bank, say, being in charge. Georgia, for instance, is using the technology to secure government records (see page 57). And blockchains are platforms for further experiments. Take Ethereum[5], for example. It allows all kinds of projects, from video games to online markets, to raise funds by issuing tokens—essentially private money that can be traded and used within these projects. Although such ICOs need to be handled with care, they could also generate?intriguing?inventions. Fans hope that they will give rise to?decentralised upstarts?taking aim at today’s?oligopolistic?technology giants, such as Amazon and Facebook.

dotty

[d?ti]

dottier, dottiest

[ADJ-GRADED]If you say thatsomeone is dotty, you mean that they are slightly mad or likely to do strange things.[mainlyBRIT, INFORMAL]

She was obviously going abit dotty.

intriguing

/?n?tri:g??/ adj.

very interesting because of

being unusual or not having an obvious answer非常有趣的暂吉；引人入勝的胖秒；神秘的

These discoveries raiseintriguing questions.

這些發(fā)現(xiàn)帶來了非常有趣的問題缎患。

an intriguing possibility

令人不解的可能性

He found her intriguing.

他覺得她很迷人。

in?tri?guing?ly adv.

decentralize

de|cen|tral|ize /di??s?ntr?l??z/

(also decentralise)

VERB

[with object] (often asadjective decentralized)

1.Transfer (authority) fromcentral to local government:

Canada has one of the most decentralizedgovernments in the world

In short-term regimes, theneed to shift production goals rapidly makes decentralized authority difficult.

If there is no way for theman on the spot to make use of this sort of information, which would beavailable to a central planner, then there may be no advantage indecentralizing decision-making authority.

2.Move departments of (alarge organization) away from a single administrative centre to otherlocations:

new technology allows companies todecentralize large factories

[no object]: he argues that giant corporationsmust decentralize

To execute on so manyfronts, he has decentralized the organization and delegated a lot ofdecision-making.

upstart

[?pstɑ:(r)t]

upstarts

[N-COUNT (disapproval)]Youcan refer to someone as an upstart when they behave as if they are important,but you think that they are too new in a place or job to be treated asimportant.

Many prefer a familiarauthority figure to a young upstart.

//...an upstart who hadcome from nowhere.

oligopoly

oli|gop|oly /??l??ɡ?p(?)li/

NOUN

(plural oligopolies)

A state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers orsellers.

With limited competition,or oligopolies, the various players within a particular industry will mostlikely have different cost structures.

This may seem like a dangerous way to generate innovation. Investors could?lose their shirts[6]; a crash in one asset class could spread to others, creating wobbles in the financial system. But in the case of cryptocurrencies such risks seem limited. It is hard to argue that those buying cryptocurrencies are unaware of the risks. And since they are still a fairly self-contained system,?contagion?is unlikely.

con?ta?gion

/k?n?te?d??n/ noun

1. [U] the spreading of a

disease by people touching each other接觸傳染

There is no risk ofcontagion.

沒有接觸傳染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)阎肝。

2. [C] (old use) a disease

that can be spread by people touching each other接觸性傳染病

3. [C] (formal) something

bad that spreads quickly by being passed from person to person（不良事物的快速）傳播挤渔，蔓延，擴(kuò)散

If there is such a thing as a healthy bubble, this is it. To be sure, regulators should watch out that cryptocurrencies do not become even more of a conduit for criminal activity, such as drug dealing. But they should think twice before coming down hard, particularly on ICOs. Being too?spiky?would not just prick a bubble, but also prevent a lot of the useful innovation that is likely to come about at the same time.

spiky

/?spa?k?; ?spa?ki/ ADJ

1. hair that is spiky is

stiff and stands up on top of your head〔頭發(fā)〕豎起的：

short black spiky hair一根根豎起的黑色短發(fā)

2. having long sharp points帶尖刺的盗痒，有刺的：

a spiky cactus帶刺的仙人掌

3. BrE informal easily

offended or annoyed【英蚂蕴，非正式】暴躁的，易怒的

[1]網(wǎng)上有些地方的翻譯是「加密電子貨幣」俯邓。倒也沒錯(cuò)骡楼，但我覺得有點(diǎn)冗長。也有用「密碼貨幣」和「加密貨幣」的稽鞭。cryptocurrency這個(gè)詞來自cryptography + currency的組合鸟整。cryptography譯成「密碼學(xué)」應(yīng)該沒有疑問‰蹋「加密」則對(duì)應(yīng)encryption篮条。所以，我傾向于「密碼貨幣」這個(gè)比較直接的翻譯吩抓。

密碼貨幣指不依托任何實(shí)物涉茧，使用密碼算法的數(shù)字貨幣，現(xiàn)指代英文Cryptocurrency（意指比特幣類數(shù)字貨幣疹娶，且包括比特幣）伴栓。

比如比特幣、萊特幣雨饺、比特股等钳垮，是一種依靠密碼技術(shù)和校驗(yàn)技術(shù)來創(chuàng)建，分發(fā)和維持的數(shù)字貨幣额港。密碼貨幣的特點(diǎn)在其運(yùn)用了點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)技術(shù)且每個(gè)人都有發(fā)行它饺窿。

密碼貨幣分為開放式采礦型密碼數(shù)字貨幣（以比特幣為代表）和發(fā)行式密碼數(shù)字貨幣。

[2]郁金香泡沫

18世紀(jì)移斩，荷蘭人掀起投資郁金香的熱潮肚医，一些機(jī)敏的投機(jī)商大量囤積郁金香，推動(dòng)郁金香價(jià)格上漲向瓷，隨著價(jià)格上漲忍宋，普通群眾覺得它會(huì)一直漲下去，繼續(xù)博傻接盤风罩。最后郁金香在三年時(shí)間內(nèi)上漲數(shù)百倍糠排，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出郁金香可能的觀賞價(jià)值。然后在兩個(gè)月內(nèi)超升，郁金香價(jià)格下跌1000倍入宦。

這件事告訴我們哺徊，群體的無意識(shí)和投機(jī)狂歡是怎樣表現(xiàn)出來的，人類的群體非理性會(huì)達(dá)到怎樣的程度乾闰。

比特幣與它的相同點(diǎn)在于：

1.大家都為投資去買一個(gè)實(shí)際上并無實(shí)用價(jià)值的東西落追。郁金香觀賞價(jià)值并不大，比特幣實(shí)際上不可能作為長效的支付手段涯肩。

2.參與者基本都是非專業(yè)人士轿钠。郁金香泡沫多由小貴族推動(dòng)，郁金香商人在其中扮演囤積角色病苗。比特幣大玩家扮演囤積和煽風(fēng)點(diǎn)火角色疗垛。

[3]Thedot-com bubble (also known as the dot-com boom, the tech bubble, the Internetbubble, the dot-com collapse, and the information technology bubble) was ahistoric economic bubble and period of excessive speculation that occurredroughly from 1997 to 2001, a period of extreme growth in the usage andadaptation of the Internet by businesses and consumers. During this period,many Internet-based companies, commonly referred to as dot-coms, were founded,many of which failed.

During 2000–2002, the bubble collapsed. Somecompanies, such as Pets.com and Webvan, failed completely and shut down.Others, such as Cisco, whose stock declined by 86%, and Qualcomm, lost a largeportion of their market capitalization but survived, and some companies, suchas eBay and Amazon.com, later recovered and surpassed their dot-com-bubblestock price peaks.

[4]Ablockchain– originally block chain – is a distributed database that is used tomaintain a continuously growing list of records, called blocks. Each blockcontains a timestamp and a link to a previous block. A blockchain is typicallymanaged by a peer-to-peer network collectively adhering to a protocol forvalidating new blocks. By design, blockchains are inherently resistant tomodification of the data. Once recorded, the data in any given block cannot bealtered retroactively without the alteration of all subsequent blocks and the collusionof the network. Functionally, a blockchain can serve as "an open,distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties efficientlyand in a verifiable and permanent way. The ledger itself can also be programmedto trigger transactions automatically."

The first blockchain was conceptualised by SatoshiNakamoto in 2008 and implemented the following year as a core component of thedigital currency bitcoin, where it serves as the public ledger for alltransactions. The invention of the blockchain for bitcoin made it the firstdigital currency to solve the double spending problem, without the use of atrusted authority or central server. The bitcoin design has been theinspiration for other applications.

數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)塊鏈?zhǔn)潜忍貛沤鹑谙到y(tǒng)中的重要概念，記錄了整個(gè)比特幣網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的交易記錄數(shù)據(jù)硫朦，并且這些數(shù)據(jù)是被所有比特幣節(jié)點(diǎn)共享的贷腕，通過數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)塊，我們可以查詢到每一比比特幣交易的歷史

[5]Ethereum（以太坊）是一個(gè)平臺(tái)和一種編程語言咬展，使開發(fā)人員能夠建立和發(fā)布下一代分布式應(yīng)用泽裳。Ethereum可以用來編程，分散破婆，擔(dān)保和交易任何事物：投票涮总，域名，金融交易所祷舀，眾籌妹卿，公司管理，合同和大部分的協(xié)議蔑鹦，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，還有得益于硬件集成的智能資產(chǎn)箕宙。

[6]To keepone's shirt on/To lose one's shirt

我們穿的各種服裝在美國的日常用語當(dāng)中占有很大的地位嚎朽。鞋子、襪子柬帕、手套等名稱都是一些習(xí)慣用語的組成部份哟忍。今天我們要講兩個(gè)由襯衣，也就是shirt這個(gè)字組成的俗語陷寝。首先,我們要講的是：To keep one‘s shirt on锅很。To keep one's shirt on用中文來說，那就是："穿著你的襯衣凤跑。""穿著你的襯衣"聽起來是個(gè)好主意爆安，可是，它到底是什么意思呢仔引？有的時(shí)候扔仓，這是勸告別人要有耐心褐奥，不要太緊張了。例如翘簇，一個(gè)妻子對(duì)她的丈夫講：

例句-1:"Keep your shirt on, Harry; we have plenty of time to catch thetrain."

她說："哈里撬码，你別太緊張了，我們還有好多時(shí)間版保，足夠我們趕到火車站去的呜笑。"

可是to Keepone's shirt on在更多的場合下，是指要保持冷靜彻犁，在對(duì)情況有足夠了解以前不要發(fā)火叫胁。比如說，有一天袖裕，我們?cè)谝郧暗恼n文中提到的那位丈夫晚了三個(gè)小時(shí)回家吃晚飯曹抬。一到家，他就看到他的太太火冒三丈急鳄，馬上就要大發(fā)雷霆谤民。于是，他馬上就對(duì)太太說：

例句-2:"Honey, keep your shirt on, please! I'm sorry, but the boss made me worklate at the office."

他說："親愛的疾宏，請(qǐng)你千萬別發(fā)火张足。我很抱歉】裁辏可是为牍，我的老板給了我好多活，我不得不在辦公室加班嘛岩馍。"

下面我們要解釋的一個(gè)和shirt這個(gè)字有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用語是：To lose one's shirt碉咆。Lose這個(gè)字的意思當(dāng)然就是丟掉，或失去什么東西蛀恩。一個(gè)人要是丟了他的襯衫疫铜，他回到家里恐怕那要比那個(gè)晚了三小時(shí)才回家吃晚飯的丈夫碰到的麻煩要多得多∷唬可是壳咕，tolose one's shirt實(shí)際上并不是真的指丟了襯衫。它的確切意思是某個(gè)人失去了他所有的一切顽馋。我們來舉個(gè)例子吧：

例句-3:"Did you hear what happened to Joe? He's lost his shirt, the poor guy --invested all his money in a fancy restaurant and it just went out ofbusiness."

這句話翻成中文就是說："你有沒有聽到關(guān)于喬的事谓厘？這回，他可真是丟掉了一切寸谜，真可憐竟稳。他把所有的錢都投資在一家豪華的餐館里。而這家餐館不久前倒閉了。"

下面是另一個(gè)說明tolose one's shirt在日常生活中是怎么用的例子:

例句-4:"Be careful of salesmen who call on the phone and offer to sell you landon the beach down in Florida. You can lose your shirt because the chances arethe land is under water at high tide."

這句話的意思是："對(duì)那些通過電話來鼓動(dòng)你買弗羅里達(dá)州靠海濱的土地的推銷員住练，你得十分小心地啰。你要不小心就有可能會(huì)損失一切，因?yàn)檫@些地很可能就是那些在漲潮的時(shí)候會(huì)被水淹沒的地讲逛。"