New Blood Test Finds Deadly Skin Cancer(原文鏈接)

By Anna Matteo ?27 August, 2018

安娜馬特奧 2018年8月27日

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report. 來自美國之音英語學習頻道滞欠，健康與生活方式報告渠旁。

Scientists in Australia say they have developed the world's first blood test to find a deadly skin cancer in its early stages. They say the test could save thousands of lives each year.澳大利亞科學家稱矮湘，他們已經(jīng)開展了世界上第一次血液檢測，以便在早期發(fā)現(xiàn)致命的皮膚癌。他們說，這項測試每年可以挽救數(shù)千人的生命黑毅。

Currently, to check for all kinds of skin cancers, doctors examine or remove a small piece of patients' skin. But researchers say the new blood test can detect one of the deadliest kinds of skin cancer, melanoma, sooner than other methods.

目前，為了檢查各種皮膚癌钦讳，醫(yī)生會檢測或切取患者的一小塊皮膚】笫荩現(xiàn)在研究人員表示，新的血液檢測可以比其他方法更快地檢測出最致命的皮膚癌愿卒，黑色素瘤缚去。

In a trial involving about 200 people, the blood test found early stages of melanoma in more than 80 percent of cases.在一項涵蓋約200人作為樣本的試驗中，血液檢查在超過80％病例中發(fā)生早期階段的黑色素瘤掘猿。

Professor Mel Ziman is the leader of the Melanoma Research Group at Edith Cowan University in Perth, Western Australia. Her group conducted this trial.Mel Ziman教授是西澳大利亞珀斯Edith Cowan大學黑色素瘤研究小組的負責人病游。她的團隊主導了這次試驗。

"If a thin melanoma is identified early and it's removed, you have a 98 to 99 percent chance of five to ten years survival."“如果在早期稠通，就能識別出一個小的黑色素瘤并且切除衬衬，那么你5-10生存率的可能性大概有98％-99％「拈伲”

Researchers explain that the sooner doctors find melanoma, the better. They say that if a thin melanoma is identified early and removed, patients have a 98 to 99 percent chance of surviving for the next five to ten years.研究人員解釋說滋尉，醫(yī)生能越早發(fā)現(xiàn)黑色素瘤，效果越好飞主。他們說狮惜，如果早期發(fā)現(xiàn)并清除了一個小黑色素瘤高诺，患者在接下來的五到十年內(nèi)有98％到99％的存活率。

However, survival rates from melanoma drop sharply if the skin cancer is in later stages and has spread to other organs.然而碾篡，如果皮膚癌處于后期階段并且已經(jīng)擴散到其他器官虱而，則黑色素瘤的存活率急劇下降。

What is melanoma? 什么是黑色素瘤开泽？

The World Health Organization says about 132,000 people are diagnosed with melanoma every year. Australia and New Zealand have the highest rates.世界衛(wèi)生組織表示牡拇，每年約有132,000人確診黑色素瘤，澳大利亞和新西蘭比例最高穆律。

The website for the Melanoma Institute Australia says that in 2014, more than 1,400 Australians died from melanoma. And in 2017, that number rose to more than 1,800.澳大利亞黑色素瘤研究所的網(wǎng)站稱惠呼，2014年，超過1,400名澳大利亞人死于黑色素瘤峦耘。而在2017年剔蹋，這個數(shù)字已經(jīng)上升到1,800多個。

How do we get melanoma?人們?yōu)槭裁磿己谏亓?/h1>

We get melanoma mainly by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Patients often have had a lot of exposure to the sun and a history of sunburn. 大多數(shù)人是因為暴露于紫外線輻射辅髓，而患黑色素瘤泣崩。患者通常暴露在陽光下并有曬傷史洛口。

On its website, the WHO says decreasing ozone levels is making the problem worse. The site adds that "as the atmosphere loses more and more of its protective filter ... and more solar UV radiation reaches the Earth's surface, more people will get skin cancer."世界衛(wèi)生組織在官網(wǎng)宣稱：大氣臭氧層破壞律想，使情況變得更糟。后又補充說绍弟，“隨著大氣層失去越來越多的保護性過濾器......更多的太陽紫外線輻射到達地球表面，更多人將患上皮膚癌著洼≌燎玻”

How does the blood test work? 驗血如何運作？

The new blood test works by detecting something called auto-antibodies. The website for the National Cancer Institute in the United States defines auto-antibody as an antibody made against substances formed by a person's own body. The body naturally forms auto-antibodies when cancerous cells start to appear.新的血液檢測通過檢測稱為“自身抗體”的東西起作用身笤。美國國家癌癥研究所的網(wǎng)站將自身抗體定義為豹悬，針對人體自身形成的物質(zhì)的抗體。當癌細胞開始出現(xiàn)時液荸，身體自然形成自身抗體瞻佛。

In a statement to the press, Ziman explains that with melanoma, the human body makes these auto-antibodies very early. She says the new blood test takes advantage of that fact. However, she warns, "melanoma is very hard to diagnose."?在新聞發(fā)布會上，齊曼聲明娇钱，對于黑色素瘤伤柄，人體很早就會產(chǎn)生這些自身抗體。新的血液測試正式運用了這個原理文搂。然而适刀，她警告說，“黑色素瘤仍然很難被診斷出來煤蹭”屎恚”

Researchers are planning more tests for the Australian blood test. They say they hope to improve its accuracy to 90 percent. The blood test could be available within five years.研究人員正計劃對澳大利亞血液檢測進行更多測試取视。他們希望將其準確度提高到90％。血液檢測可在五年內(nèi)完成常挚。

Researchers have said the test will not detect other types of skin cancers. It will only find melanoma.同時研究人員表示作谭，該測試對發(fā)現(xiàn)其他類型的皮膚癌并沒有幫助，它只能幫助檢測黑色素瘤奄毡。

Other health experts say the results of the trial should be considered with care. They urge people to keep checking their skin for early signs of skin cancer.其他健康專家表示折欠，應謹慎考慮試驗結(jié)果。他們敦促人們不斷檢查皮膚是否有皮膚癌的早期跡象秧倾。

Ziman says she hopes the new blood test will lead to more people checking their skin. She says that if the new blood test is available at a person's yearly check-up, patients might get skin examinations more often. And more examinations might lead to more early detections of melanoma.齊曼說怨酝，她希望新的血液檢測將引起更多人的重視，檢測皮膚那先。她說农猬，如果將新的血液檢查方式列入個人年度體檢清單，患者很可能會更頻繁地進行皮膚檢查售淡。更多的檢查可能會幫助更早發(fā)現(xiàn)黑色素瘤斤葱。“

"So that's what we are hoping to achieve is that people will feel more comfortable going for skin checks. So, it will just up the number of people that are aware and able to get their melanoma identified earlier."因此揖闸，我們希望實現(xiàn)的目標是揍堕，人們可以以更加舒服的方式，進行皮膚檢查汤纸。因此衩茸，意識到并能夠更早檢測識別黑素瘤的人數(shù)未來將會增加≈ⅲ”

And that's the Health & Lifestyle report. I'm Anna Matteo.

Phil Mercer reported this story for VOA News in Sydney. Anna Matteo adapted it for Learning English, using other news articles as well as several health and cancer-related websites. Kelly Jean Kelly was the editor.

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Words in This Story

detect – v. to discover or notice the presence of (something that is hidden or hard to see, hear, taste, etc.)檢測 - 發(fā)現(xiàn)或注意到（隱藏或難以看到楞慈，聽到，品嘗等的東西）的存在

trial – n. a test of the quality, value, or usefulness of something審判 - n啃擦。對某事物的質(zhì)量囊蓝，價值或有用性的測試

diagnose – v. to recognize a disease, illness, etc., in (someone)診斷 - 與某人一起識別疾病，疾病等

ultraviolent – adj. used to describe rays of light that cannot be seen and that are slightly shorter than the rays of violet light紫外線 - adj令蛉。用于描述無法看到的光線聚霜，比紫光線條略短

radiation – n. energy that comes from a source in the form of waves or rays you cannot see輻射 - n。來自波源或射線形式的光源珠叔，你看不到的能量

ozone – n. a form of oxygen that is found in a layer high in the earth's臭氧 - n.一種在地球高層中發(fā)現(xiàn)的氧氣

take advantage of – verbal phrase to use to advantage : profit by?利用 蝎宇；利潤

accuracy – n. freedom from mistake or error準確性 - n.免于錯誤或錯誤