1. 認識這個詞(基礎篇)
詞:toughen
英英釋義:to become more strict, or to make something more strict
例句:The new law?toughens (up)?penalties and restrictions for DUI offenders.?
2. 體會這個詞 (進階篇)
我們熟悉“tough”的意思是“艱難的” “(政策或行動)強硬的”轿衔,和很多形容詞一樣绪颖,它可以通過添加詞綴變成動詞 toughen肮帐,表示“加強”。
當我們想表達“make something more strict”的時候捍掺,就可以用更簡潔的 toughen 來表示。比如再膳,中國已經(jīng)加強了對虛擬貨幣交易的控制:
Chinese authorities havetoughenedtheir control of cryptocurrency trading.
政府已經(jīng)出臺了新政策挺勿,加強電動車使用的規(guī)定:
The government has issued new policies totoughenthe rules about using electric scooters.
toughen 也經(jīng)常用作 toughen up,上面例句中的 toughen 都可以換成 toughen up喂柒。比如我們想說不瓶,新法規(guī)加強了對酒駕者的處罰和限制,就可以說成:
The new law?toughens up?penalties and restrictions for DUI offenders. (DUI 是 Driving under the influence 的縮寫灾杰,就是我們常說的“酒駕”)
我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)蚊丐,toughen 后面常接有關政策(policy)、規(guī)章(rule)艳吠、懲罰(penalty/punishment)的名詞吠撮。最新一期的《經(jīng)濟學人》封面文章中也出現(xiàn)了 toughen:
Mr Trump and his administration have got three things right. The first is that America needs to be strong. It has?toughened?the rules on takeovers, to give more right to national security.
3. 從認識到會用(作業(yè))
1)翻譯下面的句子:
政府逐漸加強了對網(wǎng)約車的管制和處罰。
(參考翻譯:The government has gradually toughened regulations and punishments on car-hailing services.)
2)結合自己的生活、學習泥兰、工作弄屡、興趣等,先想象在什么語境下會用到這個表達鞋诗,然后再進行造句膀捷。
場景:加強貿(mào)易限制的會談正在進行中。
造句:Talks are under way to?toughen?trade restrictions...?