「你認(rèn)為另一個(gè)城市的人就會(huì)更好嗎桑涎？
不彬向。
人類的本性一致得令人感到驚訝，
就是會(huì)令人失望攻冷。
每次有人令你失望娃胆，
你就選擇逃避 是無(wú)法令自己保持純凈的，
所以你還不如留下來(lái)戰(zhàn)斗到底等曼±锓常」
我看完了美劇《早間新聞》（ The Morning Show ）, 又刷了一遍。很喜歡第一季的結(jié)尾禁谦。
當(dāng)新聞主播Bradley在這個(gè)環(huán)境中對(duì)糟糕的人崩潰的事忍無(wú)可忍胁黑，最終準(zhǔn)備徹底離開(kāi)是非之地時(shí)，
Cory攔在電梯前州泊，對(duì)她說(shuō)的這幾句話丧蘸，令我有頓悟之感。說(shuō)醍醐灌頂也不為過(guò)遥皂。
過(guò)去的幾個(gè)月力喷，我的精神故鄉(xiāng)有一種無(wú)處安放、無(wú)法言說(shuō)的「顛簸」感演训。
曾經(jīng)的安穩(wěn)都在搖搖欲墜弟孟，曾經(jīng)堅(jiān)信的光明在粉碎瓦解。
病毒流動(dòng)样悟，亂世里焉有完卵拂募。放眼望去，世界上沒(méi)有平安之地窟她。
全球化面臨著前所未有的打擊陈症，世界另一面的面紗被殘酷撕開(kāi)。
一方面可以無(wú)比充實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)礁苗，短短幾個(gè)月爬凑，技能樹(shù)又繁茂了一些。
但一方面又不斷感到失望和憤怒 —
人性的自私试伙、愚蠢嘁信、狹隘、惡意 疏叨、攻擊潘靖，
有人沸騰，有人圍剿蚤蔓，有人冷眼旁觀卦溢，有人幸災(zāi)樂(lè)禍，也有更多的沉寂籠罩四野。
在風(fēng)雨飄搖中单寂，我們被裹挾著向前贬芥，
暫時(shí)停留在一個(gè)避風(fēng)港上，既不知所去為何宣决，所去何方蘸劈。
今天聊聊城市吧，算是「給女孩」的Vol.2尊沸，來(lái)表達(dá)下我對(duì)這個(gè)主題的升級(jí)感悟威沫。
之前說(shuō)過(guò)，我會(huì)持續(xù)把影響過(guò)我的好文章分享出來(lái)洼专。
這篇來(lái)自我很喜歡的保羅·葛蘭姆（硅谷互聯(lián)網(wǎng)教父級(jí)人物）的專欄棒掠。
*市井雄心. *
**Cities and Ambition **
作者：Paul Graham
原文鏈接：http://www.paulgraham.com/cities.html
翻譯：al_lea@譯言
配圖：插畫師@by.sau
從實(shí)用角度來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一篇告訴你如何挑選居住城市的誠(chéng)懇而有見(jiàn)識(shí)的建議屁商。但遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止這些烟很。
雖是一篇老文章（2008.5月），但我每一次讀棒假，都會(huì)領(lǐng)略到新的品味和巧思溯职。
我整理成雙語(yǔ)版，搭配了一位19歲插畫師的圖帽哑。全文共20000字+谜酒。
01
偉大的城市吸引有抱負(fù)的人。在城市里徜徉時(shí)妻枕，就能感覺(jué)得到僻族。
城市在通過(guò)幾百種方式向你傳遞著信息：你能做得更多；你應(yīng)該再努力一點(diǎn)兒屡谐。
這些信息千差萬(wàn)別述么，令人瞠目。紐約告訴你愕掏，最重要的是：你要賺更多的錢度秘。
當(dāng)然，也有其他信息——你應(yīng)該更時(shí)髦一點(diǎn)兒饵撑；你應(yīng)該打扮得更帥一點(diǎn)兒剑梳。但是最清楚不過(guò)的信息就是：你的錢包得再鼓點(diǎn)兒。
Great cities attract ambitious people. You can sense it when you walk around one. In a hundred subtle ways, the city sends you a message: you could do more; you should try harder.
The surprising thing is how different these messages can be. New York tells you, above all: you should make more money.
There are other messages too, of course. You should be hipper. You should be better looking. But the clearest message is that you should be richer.
我喜歡波士頓（或者劍橋）的一點(diǎn)滑潘，就是這里城市在告訴你：你應(yīng)當(dāng)更聰明垢乙。你真的需要讀一讀你曾經(jīng)列進(jìn)讀書計(jì)劃的那些書了。（注：波士頓的劍橋就是哈佛大學(xué)语卤、麻省理工大學(xué)等高等學(xué)府的所在地）
在你探究一個(gè)城市在發(fā)出什么消息時(shí)追逮，答案常常會(huì)出乎意料酪刀。硅谷對(duì)聰明腦瓜很是偏愛(ài)，它傳遞的消息卻是：你應(yīng)當(dāng)更強(qiáng)大钮孵。
這和紐約的有所不同骂倘。權(quán)力在紐約也有作用，不過(guò)紐約人有點(diǎn)兒見(jiàn)錢眼開(kāi)油猫，即使那是你不費(fèi)吹灰之力繼承來(lái)的稠茂。
而在硅谷柠偶，飛來(lái)橫財(cái)除了地產(chǎn)商情妖，沒(méi)人看得上眼。這里在乎的是你如何影響這個(gè)世界的诱担。人們關(guān)注 Larry 和 Sergey 不是因?yàn)樗麄冄p萬(wàn)貫毡证，而是這兩個(gè)家伙控制著 Google，而 Google 影響著我們每一個(gè)人蔫仙。
What I like about Boston (or rather Cambridge) is that the message there is: you should be smarter. You really should get around to reading all those books you've been meaning to.
When you ask what message a city sends, you sometimes get surprising answers. As much as they respect brains in Silicon Valley, the message the Valley sends is: you should be more powerful.
That's not quite the same message New York sends. Power matters in New York too of course, but New York is pretty impressed by a billion dollars even if you merely inherited it.
In Silicon Valley no one would care except a few real estate agents. What matters in Silicon Valley is how much effect you have on the world. The reason people there care about Larry and Sergey is not their wealth but the fact that they control Google, which affects practically everyone.
一個(gè)城市發(fā)出什么消息有多大的影響呢料睛？經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們：很大。
你也許認(rèn)為如果自己要是有一根鋼筋般的神經(jīng)支撐著自己去做大事摇邦，就可以忽視環(huán)境的影響——生活地點(diǎn)的不同對(duì)你充其量就只有區(qū)區(qū)百分之幾的影響恤煞。
然而反觀歷史，似乎影響頗大施籍。在每個(gè)時(shí)代里居扒，大多數(shù)做出大事的人都扎堆在少數(shù)幾個(gè)地方。
How much does it matter what message a city sends? Empirically, the answer seems to be: a lot.
You might think that if you had enough strength of mind to do great things, you'd be able to transcend your environment. Where you live should make at most a couple percent difference. But if you look at the historical evidence, it seems to matter more than that.
Most people who did great things were clumped together in a few places where that sort of thing was done at the time.
以前我就寫過(guò)丑慎，城市是有強(qiáng)大的影響力的：比如生活在米蘭的達(dá)芬奇喜喂。實(shí)際上每個(gè)你有所耳聞的十五世紀(jì)的意大利畫家都住在佛羅倫薩，盡管米蘭的城市規(guī)模毫不遜色竿裂。
既然米蘭人的天分也并不差玉吁，那么我們可以假定在米蘭也誕生了一位和達(dá)芬奇同樣天資聰穎的小家伙∧逡欤可是他后來(lái)呢进副？
如果和達(dá)芬奇一樣厲害的家伙都被環(huán)境埋沒(méi)了，你覺(jué)得自己又有多大勝算呢悔常？
我是不行影斑。即使我相當(dāng)頑固，我也不會(huì)去爭(zhēng)這個(gè)「人定勝天」这嚣。我試圖去利用環(huán)境—— 我著實(shí)為住在哪里費(fèi)了不少心思鸥昏。
You can see how powerful cities are from something I wrote about earlier: the case of the Milanese Leonardo. Practically every fifteenth-century Italian painter you've heard of was from Florence, even though Milan was just as big.
People in Florence weren't genetically different, so you have to assume there was someone born in Milan with as much natural ability as Leonardo. What happened to him?
If even someone with the same natural ability as Leonardo couldn't beat the force of environment, do you suppose you can?
I don't. I'm fairly stubborn, but I wouldn't try to fight this force. I'd rather use it. So I've thought a lot about where to live.
我一直覺(jué)得伯克利是個(gè)理想的地方——相當(dāng)于有了好天氣的劍橋。但是我前幾年在那里住了一陣子姐帚，大失所望吏垮。
伯克利發(fā)出的消息是：你得過(guò)得更好。在伯克利能過(guò)上非常「文明」的生活膳汪。北歐的人過(guò)來(lái)生活會(huì)「此間樂(lè)唯蝶，不思蜀」。但是遗嗽，這里你聽(tīng)不到嗡嗡而過(guò)的雄心壯志粘我。
I'd always imagined Berkeley would be the ideal place — that it would basically be Cambridge with good weather. But when I finally tried living there a couple years ago, it turned out not to be.
The message Berkeley sends is: you should live better. Life in Berkeley is very civilized. It's probably the place in America where someone from Northern Europe would feel most at home. But it's not humming with ambition.
話說(shuō)回來(lái)，這么舒適的一個(gè)地方吸引著一群關(guān)注生活質(zhì)量人也不足為奇痹换≌髯郑「劍橋+好天氣」就不是劍橋了。在劍橋遇到的那些人可不是隨便去的娇豫，總要做出點(diǎn)兒犧牲——物價(jià)很貴匙姜，有點(diǎn)兒臟亂，而且天氣很差冯痢。
所以那些在劍橋落腳的人是奔著聰明人堆去的氮昧，他們可不在乎風(fēng)雨交加中趟過(guò)泥濘的街道去吃一頓挨宰的晚飯。
我寫作時(shí)浦楣，劍橋似乎是智力世界的首都袖肥。我知道這個(gè)斷言有點(diǎn)兒荒謬≌窭停可是又有哪個(gè)地方能比得上呢椎组？
如果以學(xué)生的遠(yuǎn)大志向作標(biāo)桿，美國(guó)大學(xué)現(xiàn)在似乎是最好的澎迎。其他哪個(gè)城市能來(lái)和劍橋比拼一下呢庐杨？
In retrospect it shouldn't have been surprising that a place so pleasant would attract people interested above all in quality of life. Cambridge with good weather, it turns out, is not Cambridge.
The people you find in Cambridge are not there by accident. You have to make sacrifices to live there. It's expensive and somewhat grubby, and the weather's often bad.
So the kind of people you find in Cambridge are the kind of people who want to live where the smartest people are, even if that means living in an expensive, grubby place with bad weather.
As of this writing, Cambridge seems to be the intellectual capital of the world. I realize that seems a preposterous claim. What makes it true is that it's more preposterous to claim about anywhere else.
American universities currently seem to be the best, judging from the flow of ambitious students. And what US city has a stronger claim? New York? A fair number of smart people, but diluted by a much larger number of neanderthals in suits.
紐約？是有不少聰明人——但是淹沒(méi)在榆木腦袋的海洋里了夹供。灣區(qū)也有不少聰明人灵份，不過(guò)也一樣的被稀釋了；那里有兩所好學(xué)校哮洽，不過(guò)離得太遠(yuǎn)了填渠。以西海岸的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說(shuō)，哈佛和麻省是挨著的鸟辅，周圍墩了20多所其他學(xué)校氛什。
劍橋就像一個(gè)生產(chǎn)想法的城鎮(zhèn)，相比之下匪凉，紐約是造錢的枪眉，硅谷是孵蛋的。
談起城市時(shí)再层，我們是在說(shuō)城市里的人贸铜。很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里城市就是指住在其中的一大群人堡纬，所以這兩個(gè)概念可以互換。但是從我提到的例子里蒿秦，可以看到情況有變烤镐。
紐約是一個(gè)典型的大城市，劍橋只是城市的一部分棍鳖，而硅谷連一部分都算不上（圣何塞不是硅谷的首府炮叶，它只是硅谷邊上的178平方英里而已）。
The Bay Area has a lot of smart people too, but again, diluted; there are two great universities, but they're far apart. Harvard and MIT are practically adjacent by West Coast standards, and they're surrounded by about 20 other colleges and universities. [1]
Cambridge as a result feels like a town whose main industry is ideas, while New York's is finance and Silicon Valley's is startups.
When you talk about cities in the sense we are, what you're really talking about is collections of people. For a long time cities were the only large collections of people, so you could use the two ideas interchangeably. But we can see how much things are changing from the examples I've mentioned.
New York is a classic great city. But Cambridge is just part of a city, and Silicon Valley is not even that. (San Jose is not, as it sometimes claims, the capital of Silicon Valley. It's just 178 square miles at one end of it.)
也許網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)更多的改變我們的生活渡处。也許有一天你所處的最重要的社區(qū)是一個(gè)虛擬社區(qū)镜悉，你也就不在乎住在哪里了。
但我可不在這上押寶骂蓖。真實(shí)的世界更加豐富多彩（帶寬要寬得多）积瞒，聽(tīng)，城市在通過(guò)微妙的方式給你散發(fā)訊息登下。
Maybe the Internet will change things further. Maybe one day the most important community you belong to will be a virtual one, and it won't matter where you live physically. But I wouldn't bet on it. The physical world is very high bandwidth, and some of the ways cities send you messages are quite subtle.
每年春天回到劍橋，最令人愉快的事情就是黃昏時(shí)在街上散步叮喳，你能透過(guò)窗戶看進(jìn)路邊的房子里被芳。你要是在 Palo Alto 晚上溜達(dá)，只能看到藍(lán)幽幽的電視機(jī)馍悟。
在劍橋畔濒，你看到一個(gè)書架，又一個(gè)書架锣咒，擺滿誘人的書侵状。Palo Alto 也許和1960年的劍橋差不多，但是你絕對(duì)猜不到旁邊會(huì)有一所大學(xué)∫阏現(xiàn)在它在硅谷也就是另一個(gè)有錢的鄰居而已趣兄。
One of the exhilarating things about coming back to Cambridge every spring is walking through the streets at dusk, when you can see into the houses. When you walk through Palo Alto in the evening, you see nothing but the blue glow of TVs. In Cambridge you see shelves full of promising-looking books.
Palo Alto was probably much like Cambridge in 1960, but you'd never guess now that there was a university nearby. Now it's just one of the richer neighborhoods in Silicon Valley. [2]
城市和你的邂逅通常有點(diǎn)兒意外——你透過(guò)窗戶看到了，你無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到了悼嫉。無(wú)需踏破鐵鞋艇潭，只需靜心聆聽(tīng)。當(dāng)然湊過(guò)去八卦別人的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)可不受歡迎戏蔑。不過(guò)蹋凝，總體而言這里聽(tīng)到的閑言碎語(yǔ)的質(zhì)量要比紐約或者硅谷的好很多。
A city speaks to you mostly by accident — in things you see through windows, in conversations you overhear. It's not something you have to seek out, but something you can't turn off. One of the occupational hazards of living in Cambridge is overhearing the conversations of people who use interrogative intonation in declarative sentences. But on average I'll take Cambridge conversations over New York or Silicon Valley ones.
我的一個(gè)朋友90年代搬到硅谷住总棵，她說(shuō)在那里最糟糕的就是「偷聽(tīng)」不到好東西鳍寂。
那時(shí)我還以為她故作清高呢——偶爾摟一耳朵別人的對(duì)話是有趣，不過(guò)這真能影響到你選擇住到哪里嗎情龄？現(xiàn)在我理解她了迄汛。只要聽(tīng)?zhēng)拙溧止竞蛭叮憔椭滥愕泥従邮鞘裁礃拥娜肆恕?/p>
A friend who moved to Silicon Valley in the late 90s said the worst thing about living there was the low quality of the eavesdropping. At the time I thought she was being deliberately eccentric. Sure, it can be interesting to eavesdrop on people, but is good quality eavesdropping so important that it would affect where you chose to live? Now I understand what she meant. The conversations you overhear tell you what sort of people you're among.
02
無(wú)論你如何堅(jiān)定不移，周圍的人對(duì)你的影響也是不可忽視的隔心。雖然沒(méi)到淪為城市意志的傀儡的地步白群，但是身邊如果沒(méi)有一個(gè)志同道合的人，難免有點(diǎn)兒沮喪硬霍。
環(huán)境的積極影響和消極影響的程度是不同的帜慢，就和收入和支出的差別類似。絕大多數(shù)人對(duì)支出比較反感：為了不損失一美元他們竭力工作唯卖，而要是為了掙一美元粱玲，他們就沒(méi)有那么賣力了。
同樣拜轨，盡管很多人意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)抽减，不會(huì)入鄉(xiāng)隨俗人云亦云，但是周圍的人要是對(duì)你心中的事業(yè)不屑一顧橄碾，能堅(jiān)持去做的人就不多了卵沉。
No matter how determined you are, it's hard not to be influenced by the people around you. It's not so much that you do whatever a city expects of you, but that you get discouraged when no one around you cares about the same things you do.
There's an imbalance between encouragement and discouragement like that between gaining and losing money. Most people overvalue negative amounts of money: they'll work much harder to avoid losing a dollar than to gain one. Similarly, although there are plenty of people strong enough to resist doing something just because that's what one is supposed to do where they happen to be, there are few strong enough to keep working on something no one around them cares about.
由于志氣之間一定程度上有點(diǎn)兒互斥，而推崇多個(gè)又難免費(fèi)神法牲，所以每個(gè)城市都傾向于一種雄心壯志史汗。
劍橋人才濟(jì)濟(jì)不只是聰明人扎堆的結(jié)果，更重要的是在那邊人們不在乎別的拒垃。紐約和灣區(qū)的教授走路都抬不起頭停撞，直到有一天弄到了點(diǎn)兒風(fēng)投或者開(kāi)了家小公司，腰桿這才稍稍直起來(lái)一點(diǎn)兒悼瓮。
紐約人從網(wǎng)絡(luò)泡沫時(shí)代一直都在問(wèn)一個(gè)問(wèn)題：「紐約能否像硅谷那樣成為創(chuàng)業(yè)者的樂(lè)土戈毒？」這里就能給出一個(gè)答案——人們不愿意在紐約開(kāi)創(chuàng)公司的原因就是，紐約看重的不是這個(gè)横堡，在這里你覺(jué)得自己就像是個(gè)鄉(xiāng)下人埋市。
從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，這對(duì)紐約并沒(méi)有什么好處翅萤。
Because ambitions are to some extent incompatible and admiration is a zero-sum game, each city tends to focus on one type of ambition. The reason Cambridge is the intellectual capital is not just that there's a concentration of smart people there, but that there's nothing else people there care about more. Professors in New York and the Bay area are second class citizens — till they start hedge funds or startups respectively.
This suggests an answer to a question people in New York have wondered about since the Bubble: whether New York could grow into a startup hub to rival Silicon Valley. One reason that's unlikely is that someone starting a startup in New York would feel like a second class citizen. [3] There's already something else people in New York admire more.
In the long term, that could be a bad thing for New York. The power of an important new technology does eventually convert to money.
新技術(shù)的力量最終會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化成錢恐疲。可以說(shuō)紐約也認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)了套么，只不過(guò)比起硅谷培己，它更看重錢。而事實(shí)上胚泌，紐約在圈錢的比賽上也漸現(xiàn)疲態(tài)：福布斯400里紐約與加州的比例已經(jīng)從1982年的1.45（81:56）下降到2007年的0.83了(73:88)省咨。
So by caring more about money and less about power than Silicon Valley, New York is recognizing the same thing, but slower. [4] And in fact it has been losing to Silicon Valley at its own game: the ratio of New York to California residents in the Forbes 400 has decreased from 1.45 (81:56) when the list was first published in 1982 to .83 (73:88) in 2007.
03
不是所有城市都有話要對(duì)你說(shuō)。只有那些成為遠(yuǎn)大理想聚集中心的地方才會(huì)玷室。除非你住在那里零蓉，否則要辨別出城市到底發(fā)出什么樣的消息很難笤受。
我能說(shuō)出紐約，劍橋和硅谷的消息是因?yàn)槲以诿總€(gè)地方都住過(guò)幾年敌蜂。華盛頓和洛杉磯似乎也在說(shuō)點(diǎn)兒什么箩兽，不過(guò)我在那里都只是短暫停留，甄別不出他們的呢喃章喉。
在洛杉磯汗贫，出人頭地似乎事關(guān)重大。躋身于炙手可熱的名人榜秸脱，或者跟著榜里的朋友一起雞犬升天都會(huì)受到追捧落包。除此之外，洛杉磯的消息和紐約的就差不多了摊唇，健康俊朗在這里更被看重咐蝇。
在華盛頓似乎最重要的是你的圈子。你最想成為一個(gè)圈內(nèi)人巷查。實(shí)際上和洛杉磯差不多氓皱，你都想沖進(jìn)那個(gè)榜單或者跟榜上有名的人物攀親涝影。
差別就在于這兩個(gè)榜單的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同——其實(shí)也差別不大赂苗。
Not all cities send a message. Only those that are centers for some type of ambition do. And it can be hard to tell exactly what message a city sends without living there. I understand the messages of New York, Cambridge, and Silicon Valley because I've lived for several years in each of them. DC and LA seem to send messages too, but I haven't spent long enough in either to say for sure what they are.
The big thing in LA seems to be fame. There's an A List of people who are most in demand right now, and what's most admired is to be on it, or friends with those who are. Beneath that, the message is much like New York's, though perhaps with more emphasis on physical attractiveness.
In DC the message seems to be that the most important thing is who you know. You want to be an insider. In practice this seems to work much as in LA. There's an A List and you want to be on it or close to those who are. The only difference is how the A List is selected. And even that is not that different.
現(xiàn)在舊金山市發(fā)出的消息和伯克利類似：你要過(guò)得更好翅楼。不過(guò)要是為數(shù)眾多的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司選擇舊金山市而非硅谷的話封孙，情況就會(huì)變化略号。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)泡沫的年代缝裤，這種近似奢侈的選擇就像花大錢裝修辦公室一樣是失敗的前兆肉渴。
到現(xiàn)在我還是覺(jué)著創(chuàng)業(yè)地點(diǎn)選在舊金山市不是個(gè)好主意房蝉。但是如果很多好的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司都這么做僚匆，就不再是個(gè)奢侈的標(biāo)志了，因?yàn)楣韫鹊奈蛯⑥D(zhuǎn)移到那里去了搭幻。
At the moment, San Francisco's message seems to be the same as Berkeley's: you should live better. But this will change if enough startups choose SF over the Valley. During the Bubble that was a predictor of failure — a self-indulgent choice, like buying expensive office furniture. Even now I'm suspicious when startups choose SF. But if enough good ones do, it stops being a self-indulgent choice, because the center of gravity of Silicon Valley will shift there.
我至今沒(méi)有看到可作為智慧中心能與劍橋比肩的城市咧擂。英國(guó)的牛津和劍橋感覺(jué)就像伊薩卡島或者漢諾威：雖然也在發(fā)著類似的消息，但是比較微弱檀蹋。
巴黎曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)偉大的知識(shí)分子聚集的中心松申。如果你1300年去的話，它也許和劍橋現(xiàn)在發(fā)出的信息一樣俯逾。但是去年我在那里住了一陣子贸桶，住在那里的人們的雄心已經(jīng)與智慧無(wú)關(guān)了。
巴黎現(xiàn)在發(fā)出的消息是：做事要有風(fēng)格桌肴。我打心底也贊同這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)皇筛。
我旅居的城市里，巴黎是唯一一個(gè)人們真心在乎藝術(shù)的城市坠七。在美國(guó)水醋，只有闊佬們才買原畫旗笔，即使那些久經(jīng)世故的老手最多也只能沖著畫家的名頭去買畫的。
但是在巴黎拄踪，你黃昏時(shí)分透過(guò)玻璃窗蝇恶，會(huì)看到人們真的在乎畫作畫得好不好』掏可謂巴黎一瞥撮弧，美不勝收。
I haven't found anything like Cambridge for intellectual ambition. Oxford and Cambridge (England) feel like Ithaca or Hanover: the message is there, but not as strong.
Paris was once a great intellectual center. If you went there in 1300, it might have sent the message Cambridge does now. But I tried living there for a bit last year, and the ambitions of the inhabitants are not intellectual ones. The message Paris sends now is: do things with style. I liked that, actually. Paris is the only city I've lived in where people genuinely cared about art. In America only a few rich people buy original art, and even the more sophisticated ones rarely get past judging it by the brand name of the artist. But looking through windows at dusk in Paris you can see that people there actually care what paintings look like. Visually, Paris has the best eavesdropping I know. [5]
從很多城市里我還聽(tīng)到另外一個(gè)消息：在倫敦你仍能依稀聽(tīng)見(jiàn)「你得象個(gè)貴族」這樣的消息耀盗。如果你刻意去傾聽(tīng)想虎，在巴黎、紐約和波士頓也是能聽(tīng)到的叛拷。
但是這個(gè)消息在哪里都很微弱舌厨。也許100年前會(huì)很強(qiáng)烈，而現(xiàn)在湮沒(méi)在其他聲音里了忿薇，我要抽絲剝繭的才能尋得半點(diǎn)蛛絲馬跡裙椭。
There's one more message I've heard from cities: in London you can still (barely) hear the message that one should be more aristocratic. If you listen for it you can also hear it in Paris, New York, and Boston. But this message is everywhere very faint. It would have been strong 100 years ago, but now I probably wouldn't have picked it up at all if I hadn't deliberately tuned in to that wavelength to see if there was any signal left.
*****04*****
至此我聽(tīng)到城市傳遞的消息有：財(cái)富，風(fēng)格署浩，時(shí)尚揉燃，健美，名聲筋栋，政治力量炊汤，經(jīng)濟(jì)力量，智慧弊攘，社會(huì)階層以及生活質(zhì)量抢腐。
對(duì)于這個(gè)列表我的第一反應(yīng)就是有點(diǎn)兒亂。我一直認(rèn)為雄心是件好事襟交，現(xiàn)在才明白我自己一直只局限在自己感興趣的領(lǐng)域迈倍。一旦看到所有有野心的人的企圖，就不再美好了捣域。
從歷史的眼光再仔細(xì)檢查這張表啼染，我有一些有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)。例如焕梅，100年前迹鹅，體型健美就不會(huì)上榜（2400年前倒是有可能）。女士一直比較關(guān)心這個(gè)丘侠，但是到了二十世紀(jì)末徒欣，男的也開(kāi)始重視起來(lái)。
我不知道原因——也許是幾個(gè)方面共同促成的：女性的權(quán)力更大了蜗字；演員的社會(huì)影響以及辦公室文化：在辦公室你不能穿太花哨的衣服打肝，嗯脂新，那你最好體型要蓋過(guò)同事。
So far the complete list of messages I've picked up from cities is: wealth, style, hipness, physical attractiveness, fame, political power, economic power, intelligence, social class, and quality of life.
My immediate reaction to this list is that it makes me slightly queasy. I'd always considered ambition a good thing, but I realize now that was because I'd always implicitly understood it to mean ambition in the areas I cared about. When you list everything ambitious people are ambitious about, it's not so pretty.
On closer examination I see a couple things on the list that are surprising in the light of history. For example, physical attractiveness wouldn't have been there 100 years ago (though it might have been 2400 years ago). It has always mattered for women, but in the late twentieth century it seems to have started to matter for men as well.
I'm not sure why — probably some combination of the increasing power of women, the increasing influence of actors as models, and the fact that so many people work in offices now: you can't show off by wearing clothes too fancy to wear in a factory, so you have to show off with your body instead.
“潮人”是100年前你不會(huì)在這個(gè)榜單上看到的另一種東西粗梭。你會(huì)嗎? 它的意思是知道什么是什么争便。所以，也許它只是簡(jiǎn)單地取代了社會(huì)階層的組成部分断医，即“非主流”滞乙。
這或許可以解釋，為什么“潮人”在倫敦似乎特別受歡迎：它是只有局內(nèi)人才能理解的晦澀代碼的傳統(tǒng)英式樂(lè)趣的第二版鉴嗤。
經(jīng)濟(jì)力量一百年前應(yīng)當(dāng)就上榜了斩启，但是內(nèi)涵已經(jīng)變了。過(guò)去它意味著掌控者大量的人員和物資醉锅。但是兔簇，現(xiàn)在逐漸演變成了對(duì)技術(shù)發(fā)展方向的影響，而舉足輕重的人物卻不見(jiàn)得有錢——比如重要的開(kāi)源軟件的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)硬耍。
過(guò)去工業(yè)領(lǐng)袖手下有一幫在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里絞盡腦汁的家伙在為他思考新技術(shù)垄琐；如今的領(lǐng)袖是靠自己的點(diǎn)子包打天下的。
這個(gè)力量越受重視经柴，社會(huì)階層就漸漸被忽略了狸窘。我認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)變化是此消彼長(zhǎng)的。經(jīng)濟(jì)力量坯认，財(cái)富和社會(huì)階層是同一個(gè)事物的不同階段：經(jīng)濟(jì)力量轉(zhuǎn)化成財(cái)富翻擒，而財(cái)富又是社會(huì)階層的前提。所以牛哺，人們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)只是向上游移了一些韭寸。
Hipness is another thing you wouldn't have seen on the list 100 years ago. Or wouldn't you? What it means is to know what's what. So maybe it has simply replaced the component of social class that consisted of being "au fait."
That could explain why hipness seems particularly admired in London: it's version 2 of the traditional English delight in obscure codes that only insiders understand.
Economic power would have been on the list 100 years ago, but what we mean by it is changing. It used to mean the control of vast human and material resources. But increasingly it means the ability to direct the course of technology, and some of the people in a position to do that are not even rich — leaders of important open source projects, for example.
The Captains of Industry of times past had laboratories full of clever people cooking up new technologies for them. The new breed are themselves those people.
As this force gets more attention, another is dropping off the list: social class. I think the two changes are related. Economic power, wealth, and social class are just names for the same thing at different stages in its life: economic power converts to wealth, and wealth to social class. So the focus of admiration is simply shifting upstream.
05
是不是你胸懷大志就一定要去一個(gè)偉大的城市居住呢？非也荆隘；
所有的偉大的城市都激發(fā)著某種雄心，但是它們并不是唯一的地方赴背。一些工作椰拒，你只要一幫聰明的同事一起打拼就夠了。
城市能夠提供聽(tīng)眾凰荚，選擇同行燃观。而這些對(duì)于像數(shù)學(xué)或者物理這種學(xué)科不那么重要——除了你的同事，沒(méi)人關(guān)心你的工作便瑟，而是否優(yōu)秀也很好辨別缆毁，管理委員會(huì)就能很好的招到聰明人過(guò)來(lái)。
在這些領(lǐng)域你需要的只是一個(gè)辦公室到涂，幾個(gè)不錯(cuò)的同事脊框。地點(diǎn)就無(wú)所謂了——拉莫斯颁督，新墨西哥，哪兒都行浇雹。
Does anyone who wants to do great work have to live in a great city? No; all great cities inspire some sort of ambition, but they aren't the only places that do. For some kinds of work, all you need is a handful of talented colleagues.
What cities provide is an audience, and a funnel for peers. These aren't so critical in something like math or physics, where no audience matters except your peers, and judging ability is sufficiently straightforward that hiring and admissions committees can do it reliably.
In a field like math or physics all you need is a department with the right colleagues in it. It could be anywhere — in Los Alamos, New Mexico, for example.
在藝術(shù)沉御，寫作或者科技這類領(lǐng)域里，大環(huán)境的影響就不可忽視了昭灵。這里吠裆，頂尖高手并不扎堆在幾所好大學(xué)或者實(shí)驗(yàn)室里——一方面是因?yàn)樘觳藕茈y鑒別，另一方面他們能賺到錢烂完，懶得去大學(xué)里教書或者爭(zhēng)取研究資金试疙。
在這樣魚龍混雜的領(lǐng)域里，身居一個(gè)偉大的城市就會(huì)收益無(wú)窮：你需要來(lái)自關(guān)心你的事業(yè)的人們的鼓勵(lì)抠蚣；因?yàn)槟阕约旱萌フ倚┲就篮系募一飦?lái)切磋祝旷，為了避免大海撈針，就要學(xué)會(huì)借城市的吸引力的東風(fēng)柱徙。
你不必在一個(gè)偉大城市終老就可擷取其精華缓屠。至關(guān)重要的幾年集中在你的青年和中年時(shí)期。
很明顯护侮，你不必非得在這樣的城市里長(zhǎng)大敌完，你也不必去其中的一所大學(xué)求學(xué)。對(duì)于大多數(shù)大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)羊初，有幾千人的校園般的世界就夠大了滨溉。而在大學(xué)里你還不必觸及最難的事情——發(fā)現(xiàn)并解決新問(wèn)題。
It's in fields like the arts or writing or technology that the larger environment matters. In these the best practitioners aren't conveniently collected in a few top university departments and research labs — partly because talent is harder to judge, and partly because people pay for these things, so one doesn't need to rely on teaching or research funding to support oneself.
It's in these more chaotic fields that it helps most to be in a great city: you need the encouragement of feeling that people around you care about the kind of work you do, and since you have to find peers for yourself, you need the much larger intake mechanism of a great city.
You don't have to live in a great city your whole life to benefit from it. The critical years seem to be the early and middle ones of your career. Clearly you don't have to grow up in a great city.
Nor does it seem to matter if you go to college in one. To most college students a world of a few thousand people seems big enough. Plus in college you don't yet have to face the hardest kind of work — discovering new problems to solve.
當(dāng)你開(kāi)始面對(duì)這些棘手的問(wèn)題時(shí)长赞，身處一個(gè)四周都是同黨的令人振奮的環(huán)境就可令你受益匪淺晦攒。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)并找到了想要的東西，如果你想得哆，就可以離開(kāi)脯颜。
在印象派畫家的圈子里，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象很普遍：他們都不在法國(guó)出生（畢加索在加勒比出生）贩据，也都不在法國(guó)去世栋操。但是成就他們的卻是那些在法國(guó)一起待過(guò)的時(shí)光。
It's when you move on to the next and much harder step that it helps most to be in a place where you can find peers and encouragement. You seem to be able to leave, if you want, once you've found both.
The Impressionists show the typical pattern: they were born all over France (Pissarro was born in the Carribbean) and died all over France, but what defined them were the years they spent together in Paris.
除非你已經(jīng)確定了要做什么以及哪里是事業(yè)的中心饱亮，否則你年輕時(shí)最好多挪幾次窩矾芙。
不在一個(gè)城市生活，很難辨別出來(lái)它發(fā)出什么消息近上，甚至你都很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它是否在發(fā)消息剔宪。而且你得到的信息經(jīng)常是錯(cuò)的：我25歲時(shí)在佛羅倫薩待了一陣子，我原以為這里是個(gè)藝術(shù)圣殿，結(jié)果我來(lái)晚了葱绒，晚了450年感帅。
即使一個(gè)城市是一個(gè)激蕩著雄心的地方，在聽(tīng)到它的聲音前你也不能確信你和它是否能產(chǎn)生共鳴哈街。當(dāng)我搬到紐約住時(shí)留瞳，一開(kāi)始就激動(dòng)的不得了。這地方真不錯(cuò)骚秦。我花了不少時(shí)間才意識(shí)到我和他們不是同路人她倘。
我一直在紐約找劍橋——還真的找到了，在非商業(yè)區(qū)作箍，不遠(yuǎn)硬梁，一小時(shí)的飛機(jī)就到了。
Unless you're sure what you want to do and where the leading center for it is, your best bet is probably to try living in several places when you're young.
You can never tell what message a city sends till you live there, or even whether it still sends one. Often your information will be wrong: I tried living in Florence when I was 25, thinking it would be an art center, but it turned out I was 450 years too late.
Even when a city is still a live center of ambition, you won't know for sure whether its message will resonate with you till you hear it. When I moved to New York, I was very excited at first. It's an exciting place.
So it took me quite a while to realize I just wasn't like the people there. I kept searching for the Cambridge of New York. It turned out it was way, way uptown: an hour uptown by air.
有些人16歲就知道自己一生的目標(biāo)胞得，但對(duì)于絕大多數(shù)有雄心的年輕人荧止，領(lǐng)悟到「天生我才必有用」要比「天生我才有嘛用」早一點(diǎn)兒。
他們知道得做點(diǎn)不平凡的事情阶剑。只是還沒(méi)確定是要做一個(gè)搖滾明星還是腦外科醫(yī)生跃巡。這也沒(méi)什么錯(cuò)。只是如果你壯志在胸牧愁，就得反復(fù)試驗(yàn)去找到去哪里生活素邪。
你要是在一個(gè)城市過(guò)得很自在，有找到家的感覺(jué)猪半，那么傾聽(tīng)它在訴說(shuō)什么兔朦，也許這就是你的志向所在了。
Some people know at 16 what sort of work they're going to do, but in most ambitious kids, ambition seems to precede anything specific to be ambitious about. They know they want to do something great.
They just haven't decided yet whether they're going to be a rock star or a brain surgeon. There's nothing wrong with that. But it means if you have this most common type of ambition, you'll probably have to figure out where to live by trial and error.
You'll probably have to find the city where you feel at home to know what sort of ambition you have.
以前我寫過(guò)一篇文磨确，一個(gè)追夢(mèng)的年輕人沽甥，是去大城市好，還是回小城市好乏奥？
我們認(rèn)可「能量密度」的匹配摆舟，
認(rèn)為個(gè)人天性和市井雄心，是彼此成就的事邓了。
我想盏檐，讀到這里的你，我們以前踐行的驶悟，或心里向往的，是這樣??
有些人材失，就是不屬于
他出生的那片土地的
甚至哪里都不屬于痕鳍。
這沒(méi)有什么不好。
他們永遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有鄉(xiāng)愁，
像候鳥(niǎo)一樣漂泊笼呆，
因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)世界是他們的故鄉(xiāng)熊响。
??
那個(gè)「四處流浪」的我并沒(méi)有變。
但我現(xiàn)在更覺(jué)得诗赌，其實(shí)不管在哪座城市汗茄，哪種境況，哪個(gè)空間铭若，我們的人生都得「面對(duì)」洪碳，都得「戰(zhàn)斗」。
所以我的升級(jí)版感悟叼屠，和對(duì)你的祝福瞳腌，如一個(gè)密碼，
其實(shí)就在文章開(kāi)頭的那句镜雨，是這幾天一直在我腦中回響的那句：
「So嫂侍，you might as well stay and fight the fight.」
以前的我對(duì)你說(shuō)，
做一個(gè)世界的水手荚坞，游遍每一個(gè)港口挑宠。
現(xiàn)在的我對(duì)你說(shuō)，
Fight the Fight颓影。
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最近在重溫一些有智慧有見(jiàn)識(shí)的好文章各淀，對(duì)年輕時(shí)代的我有過(guò)很深的影響。感興趣的可以來(lái)讀呀瞭空，公眾號(hào)Yuetalks
每當(dāng)你失望時(shí)揪阿，該逃避，還是留下來(lái)戰(zhàn)斗到底咆畏？
不要忘記人生是要戰(zhàn)斗到死南捂。
