1芽世、錯(cuò)誤日志
1.1 作用
記錄MySQL啟動(dòng)及工作過程中，狀態(tài)藻三、報(bào)錯(cuò)洪橘、警告。
1.2 怎么設(shè)置棵帽？
1> 修改配置文件熄求，并重啟MySQL
-- 配置日志
vim /etc/my.cnf
log_error=/data/3306/data/mysql.log #這里的路徑和文件名稱可以隨便定義
-- 重啟MySQL生效
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
2> 查看錯(cuò)誤日志
wenjuan[(none)]>select @@log_error;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 2
Current database: *** NONE ***
+---------------------------+
| @@log_error |
+---------------------------+
| /data/3306/data/mysql.log |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
1.3 如何查看錯(cuò)誤日志？
關(guān)注[ERROR]的上下文.
2逗概、二進(jìn)制日志（重要）
2.1 作用
數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)必備的日志弟晚。
主從復(fù)制依賴的日志。
2.2 怎么設(shè)置逾苫？
2.2.1 修改配置文件
vim /etc/my.server_id
server_id=6
log_bin=/data/3306/binlog/mysql-bin
說明：
server_id 是5.7之后開二進(jìn)制日志必加的參數(shù)
log_bin= /data/3306/binlog/ mysql-bin
打開二進(jìn)制功能 指定存放路徑 文件名前綴
2.2.2 創(chuàng)建目錄并授權(quán)
[root@db01 /data/3306]# mkdir -p /data/3306/binlog/
[root@db01 /data/3306]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/3306/*
2.2.3 重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
[root@db01 /data/3306]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@db01 /data/3306]# ll binlog/
total 8
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 768 Aug 14 20:02 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 35 Aug 14 18:18 mysql-bin.index
[root@db01 /data/3306]#
說明：
mysql-bin 是在配置文件配置的前綴
000001 MySQL每次重啟卿城，重新生成新的
2.3 二進(jìn)制日志記錄了什么？
2.3.1 引入
除了查詢類的語句铅搓，都會(huì)記錄藻雪，即所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)變更類的語句。
2.3.2 記錄語句的種類
DDL（數(shù)據(jù)定義語言）：create狸吞、drop
DCL（數(shù)據(jù)控制語言）
DML（數(shù)據(jù)操作語言）：insert勉耀、update、delete
2.3.3 不同語句的記錄格式說明
DDL蹋偏、DCL直接以語句（statement）方式記錄 .
DML語句有三種模式：SBR便斥、RBR、MBRwenjuan[(none)]>select @@binlog_format; ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... Connection id: 2 Current database: *** NONE *** +-----------------+ | @@binlog_format | +-----------------+ | ROW | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) wenjuan[(none)]> 說明： statement---->SBR：做什么記錄什么威始，即SQL語句 row---------->RBR：記錄數(shù)據(jù)行的變化（默認(rèn)模式枢纠，推薦） mixed-------->MBR：自動(dòng)判斷記錄模式
面試題：說明SBR和RBR的區(qū)別？
| 區(qū)別項(xiàng) | SBR | RBR（默認(rèn)黎棠、推薦） |
|---|---|---|
| 記錄內(nèi)容 | SQL語句 | 記錄數(shù)據(jù)行的變化 |
| 可讀性 | 較強(qiáng) | 差 |
| 日志量 | 小 | 大 |
| 日志記錄準(zhǔn)確性 | 數(shù)據(jù)誤差 | 沒有誤差 |
2.3.4 binlog events（二進(jìn)制日志事件）
1> 簡(jiǎn)介
二進(jìn)制日志內(nèi)容以事件為最小記錄單元晋渺。
對(duì)于DDL和DCL镰绎，一個(gè)語句就是一個(gè)事件。
對(duì)于DML（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的事務(wù)語句）木西，只記錄已提交的事務(wù)的DML語句begin ; 事件1 a 事件2 b 事件3 commit; 事件4
2> 事件的構(gòu)成（為了截取日志）
[root@db01 /data/3306/binlog]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001
# at 219 事件開始的位置(position)
end_log_pos 319 事件結(jié)束的位置(position)
#190814 18:46:35 事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間
create database oldboy 事件內(nèi)容
2.3.4 二進(jìn)制日志的基礎(chǔ)查看
1> 查看二進(jìn)制日志的配置信息
wenjuan[(none)]>show variables like '%log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| log_bin | ON |
| log_bin_basename | /data/3306/binlog/mysql-bin |
| log_bin_index | /data/3306/binlog/mysql-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
| sql_log_bin | ON |
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
說明：
log_bin 開啟二進(jìn)制日志的開關(guān)
log_bin_basename 位置
sql_log_bin 臨時(shí)開啟或關(guān)閉二進(jìn)制日志的小開關(guān)
2> 查看二進(jìn)制日志的基本信息
（1）打印出當(dāng)前MySQL的所有二進(jìn)制日志畴栖，并且顯示最后使用到的position
-----
wenjuan[(none)]>show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
（2）查看當(dāng)前正在使用的二進(jìn)制日志
show binary logs;
show master status;（常用）
wenjuan[(none)]>show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
3> 查看二進(jìn)制日志的事件信息
wenjuan[(none)]>show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
wenjuan[(none)]>show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001';
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 6 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.26-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 6 | 154 | |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | Anonymous_Gtid | 6 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 219 | Query | 6 | 322 | create database wwjtest |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 322 | Anonymous_Gtid | 6 | 387 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 387 | Query | 6 | 481 | create database heee |
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.4 內(nèi)容的查看和截取
2.4.1 內(nèi)容查看命令
[root@db01 ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/3306/binlog/mysql-bin.000003
[root@db01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --base64-output=decode-rows -vvv /data/3306/binlog/mysql-bin.000003
說明：記不住參數(shù)可以去mysqlbinlog --help中查看
2.4.2 日志的截取
--start-position
--stop-position
語法:
mysqlbinlog --start-position=xxx --stop-position=xxx /data/3306/binlog/mysql-bin.000003>/data/bin.sql
================演練：===================
1> 準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)
wenjuan[(none)]>create database binlog charset utf8mb4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>use binlog;
Database changed
wenjuan[binlog]>create table t1(id int) engine=innodb charset=utf8mb4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
wenjuan[binlog]>
wenjuan[binlog]>insert into t1 values(1),(2),(3);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
wenjuan[binlog]>insert into t1 values(11),(12),(13);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
wenjuan[binlog]>commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
wenjuan[binlog]>
wenjuan[binlog]>update t1 set id=10 where id>10;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
wenjuan[binlog]>commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
wenjuan[binlog]>
wenjuan[binlog]>select * from t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 10 |
| 10 |
| 10 |
+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[binlog]>
2> 搞破壞
wenjuan[binlog]>drop database binlog;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
3> 數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)
（1）確認(rèn)起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)
wenjuan[(none)]>show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 1610 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
wenjuan[(none)]>show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000003';
起點(diǎn)：
| mysql-bin.000003 | 488 | Query | 6 | 604 | create database binlog charset utf8mb4 |
終點(diǎn)：
| mysql-bin.000003 | 1512 | Query | 6 | 1610 | drop database binlog |
（2）截取日志
[root@db01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=488 --stop-position=1512 /data/3306/binlog/mysql-bin.000003>/data/bin.sql
（3）恢復(fù)日志
wenjuan[(none)]>set sql_log_bin=0; ## 臨時(shí)關(guān)閉當(dāng)前會(huì)話的binlog記錄
wenjuan[(none)]>source /data/bin.sql;
wenjuan[(none)]>set sql_log_bin=1; ## 打開當(dāng)前會(huì)話的binlog記錄
2.5 基于gtid的binlog管理（擴(kuò)展）
2.5.1 什么是gtid（Global Transaction ID）？
全局唯一的事務(wù)編號(hào)八千。
冪等性吗讶。
GtID包括兩部分：
Server_uuid：
Tx_id：
2.5.2 配置
wenjuan[(none)]>show variables like '%gtid%';
vim /etc/init.d/my.cnf
gtid_mode=on ----開啟開關(guān)
enforce_gtid_consistency=true ----強(qiáng)制GTID一致性
log_slave_updates=1 ----主從復(fù)制中從庫(kù)記錄binlog，并統(tǒng)一GTID信息
重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
2.5.3 基于gtid截取日志
對(duì)于DDL和DCL一個(gè)操作就是一個(gè)GTID恋捆。
對(duì)于DML照皆，一個(gè)完整的事務(wù)就是已給GTID。
wenjuan[(none)]>wenjuan[(none)]>show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000005 | 489 | | | 936b9a3f-b75a-11e9-bd16-000c290143b9:1-2 |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
wenjuan[(none)]>wenjuan[(none)]>show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000005';
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------
| mysql-bin.000005 | 4 | Format_desc | 6 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.26-log,
| mysql-bin.000005 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 6 | 154 |
| mysql-bin.000005 | 154 | Gtid | 6 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT=
| mysql-bin.000005 | 219 | Query | 6 | 308 | drop database dbtest
| mysql-bin.000005 | 308 | Gtid | 6 | 373 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT=
| mysql-bin.000005 | 373 | Query | 6 | 489 | create database dbtest c
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
2.5.4 基于gtid截取日志
--include-gtids= ----包含
--exclude-gtids= ------排除
--skip-gtids
截取1-3號(hào)事務(wù):
[root@db01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --include-gtids='545fd699-be48-11e9-8f0a-000c2980e248:1-3' /data/binlog/mysql-bin.000009>/data/gtid.sql
截取 1-10 gtid事務(wù),跳過6號(hào)和8號(hào)事務(wù).
[root@db01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --include-gtids='545fd699-be48-11e9-8f0a-000c2980e248:1-10 --exclude-gtids='545fd699-be48-11e9-8f0a-000c2980e248:6,545fd699-be48-11e9-8f0a-000c2980e248:8' /data/binlog/mysql-bin.000009>/data/gtid.sql
2.5.5 演練
1>準(zhǔn)備環(huán)境
wenjuan[(none)]>create database gtid charset utf8mb4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>use gtid;
Database changed
wenjuan[gtid]>create table t1(id int) engine=innodb charset=utf8mb4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
wenjuan[gtid]>insert into t1 values(1),(2),(3);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
wenjuan[gtid]>commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[gtid]>insert into t1 values(11),(12),(13);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
wenjuan[gtid]>commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[gtid]>select * from t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 11 |
| 12 |
| 13 |
+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[gtid]>
2>搞破壞
wenjuan[gtid]>drop database gtid;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
3> 找起點(diǎn)和終端(gtid)
wenjuan[(none)]>show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000008 | 1244 | | | 936b9a3f-b75a-11e9-bd16-000c290143b9:1-11 |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000008';
| mysql-bin.000008 | 194 | Gtid | 6 | 259 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '936b9a3f-b75a-11e9-bd16-000c290143b9:7' |
| mysql-bin.000008 | 259 | Query | 6 | 369 | create database gtid charset utf8mb4 |
| mysql-bin.000008 | 1087 | Gtid | 6 | 1152 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '936b9a3f-b75a-11e9-bd16-000c290143b9:11' |
| mysql-bin.000008 | 1152 | Query | 6 | 1244 | drop database gtid |
4> 截取日志（僅供參考）
[root@db01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --skip-gtids --include-gtids='936b9a3f-b75a-11e9-bd16-000c290143b9:7-10' /data/3306/binlog/mysql-bin.000008>/data/gtid.sql
4> 恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)
wenjuan[(none)]>set sql_log_bin=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
wenjuan[(none)]>
wenjuan[(none)]>source /data/gtid.sql
2.6 二進(jìn)制日志其他操作
2.6.1 自動(dòng)清理日志
show variables like '%expire%';
expire_logs_days 0
自動(dòng)清理時(shí)間,是要按照全備周期+1
set global expire_logs_days=8;
永久生效:
my.cnf
expire_logs_days=15;
企業(yè)建議,至少保留兩個(gè)全備周期+1的binlog
2.6.2 手工清理
PURGE BINARY LOGS BEFORE now() - INTERVAL 3 day;
PURGE BINARY LOGS TO 'mysql-bin.000009';
注意:不要手工 rm binlog文件
\1. my.cnf binlog關(guān)閉掉,啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
2.把數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)關(guān)閉,開啟binlog,啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
刪除所有binlog,并從000001開始重新記錄日志
*reset master; 主從關(guān)系中沸停，主庫(kù)執(zhí)行此操作膜毁，主從環(huán)境必崩
2.6.3 binlog 的滾動(dòng)
wenjuan[(none)]>flush logs;
重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
select @@max_binlog_size;
備份時(shí)，某些參數(shù)會(huì)觸發(fā)
3愤钾、慢日志（slow-log）
3.1 簡(jiǎn)介
記錄運(yùn)行較慢的語句記錄slowlog中瘟滨。
功能是輔助優(yōu)化的工具日志。
應(yīng)激性的慢---------->可以通過show processlist進(jìn)行監(jiān)控
一段時(shí)間的慢------>可以進(jìn)行slow記錄绰垂、統(tǒng)計(jì)
3.2 配置
wenjuan[(none)]>show variables like '%slow_query%';
wenjuan[(none)]>select @@long_query_time;
wenjuan[(none)]>show variables like '%log_queries_not_using_indexes%';
vim /etc/my.cnf
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/3306/data/db01-slow.log
long_query_time=0.1 默認(rèn)配置10秒鐘
log_queries_not_using_indexes=1
重啟mysql：
[root@db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@db01 ~]#
3.3 慢語句模擬
set sql_log_bin=0;
source /tmp/t100w.sql;
set sql_log_bin=1;
3.4 分析處理慢語句
[root@db01 ~]# mysqldumpslow -s c -t 5 /data/3306/data/db01-slow.log
參數(shù)：
-t top前幾個(gè)
-s order的排序
