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As aspecies/'spi?iz/, humans are incredibly smart. We tell stories, create magnificent/m?g’n?f?snt/art and astounding technology, build cities, and explore space.We haven’t been around nearly as long as many other species,but in many respects/r?'sp?kt/we’ve accomplished more than any have before us.
During their investigation, Kidd and Piantadosi realized something important that strengthened/'str??θn/their theory. It turns out that another variable/'v?r??bl/has an even higher correlation/?k?r?'le??n/with intelligence than brain size—time tomaturity, or weaning time. In other words, the time it takes to shepherd newborns through absolute helplessness to a point of relative self-sufficiency predicts primate intelligence more strongly than the best measure that has?previously been proposed, namely, head circumference. Orangutans have smarter babies than baboons and they wean them longer. Baboon babies, in turn, are weaned longer, and are smarter, than lemur babies.
[sentences]
Researchers have long known about this trade-off, and about the?connection?between brain size and?neural density/'d?ns?ti/and intelligence.
Putting these facts together helped Kidd and Piantadosi develop their hypothesis/ha?'pɑθ?s?s/.
[words]
species/‘spi?iz/n. [生物] 物種；種類
magnificent/m?g’n?f?snt/adj.壯麗的, 偉大的, 華麗的, 高貴的
astounding/?’sta?nd??/adj.使人震驚的
extinct/?k’st??kt/adj. 滅絕的混狠，絕種的晒奕；熄滅的
curious/‘kj?r??s/adj.好奇的, 好求知的
caveat/‘k?v?’?t/警告赖临；中止訴訟手續(xù)的申請(qǐng)室抽；貨物出門概不退換辩棒；停止支付的廣告
giraff/d??’r?f/長(zhǎng)頸鹿
potentially/p?’t?n??li/adv.潛在地;可能地
flee/fli/vi.逃走, 逃掉vt.逃離, 逃避
predator/‘pr?d?t?/n. 食肉動(dòng)物贞绳；掠奪者膳殷；捕食者
grasp/ɡr?sp/vt. 抓撞俾狻；領(lǐng)會(huì)
nourishment/‘n???m?nt/n.食物, 滋養(yǎng)品
infant/‘?nf?nt/n.嬰兒, 幼兒
dumb/d?m/adj. 啞的赚窃，無說話能力的当娱；不說話的，無聲音的
sophistication/s?,f?st?’ke??n/復(fù)雜考榨；詭辯跨细；老于世故；有教養(yǎng)
evolution/?iv?’lu??n/演變河质；進(jìn)化論冀惭；進(jìn)展
ponder/‘pɑnd?/vi. 沉思；考慮
cognitive/‘kɑɡn?t?v/adj.認(rèn)知的, 認(rèn)識(shí)能力的
baffling/‘b?fl??/adj. 令人困惑的掀鹅；阻礙的散休；令人喪氣的；變幻的
helplessness/?h ?lpl?sn?s/n.無可奈何狀態(tài);無能為力
incompetent/?n’kɑmp?t?nt/adj.無能力的, 不稱職的, 不勝任的
thereafter/?e?r’?ft?/adv.此后; 在那之后
pose/poz/提出 (問題)[正式]
justify/‘d??st?’fai/vt.證明…有理; 為…辯護(hù)
primate/‘pra?met/adj. 靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物的
chimp/t??mp/n. （非洲的）黑猩猩
evolutionary/?iv?’lu??n?ri/adj.進(jìn)化的
cling/kl??/vi. 堅(jiān)持乐尊，墨守戚丸；緊貼；附著
cling onto緊緊抓住
contradiction/?kɑntr?’d?k??n/n.矛盾
causal/‘k?zl/adj. 有原因的扔嵌；因果關(guān)系的
exhibit/?ɡ’z?b?t/展覽限府；顯示；提出（證據(jù)等）
fairly early on相當(dāng)早
argument /‘ɑrɡjum?nt/ 論證痢缎；論據(jù)胁勺；爭(zhēng)吵；內(nèi)容提要 n
incredibly /?n’kr?d?bli/
necessitates /n?’s?s?tet/ vt. 使成為必需独旷，需要署穗；迫使
startling /‘stɑrtl??/ adj. 令人吃驚的
peculiarities /p?’kj?l?'?r?ti/特性寥裂；特質(zhì)；怪癖案疲；奇特
viviparous /p?’kj?l?’?r?ti/ adj. [脊椎] 胎生的封恰；在母體上發(fā)芽的
significance /s?ɡ’n?f?k?ns/ n. 意義；重要性褐啡；意思
mature??/m?’t??r/ adj. 成熟的诺舔；充分考慮的；到期的春贸；成年人的
density /‘d?ns?ti/ n. 密度
neocortical ?ni?o?’k??rteks [解]新(大腦) 皮質(zhì)
in a number of ways: 在許多方面
bat /b?ts/ 蝙蝠混萝；球棒遗遵；球拍萍恕；批處理文件的擴(kuò)展名
cetacean /s?’te??n/??adj. 鯨類的；鯨魚的 | n. 鯨魚车要；鯨類動(dòng)物
primates /prai'meiti:z/ 靈長(zhǎng)類
demonstrate??/‘d?m?n’stret/??vt. 證明允粤；展示；論證
mandate??/‘m?ndet/ n. 授權(quán)翼岁；命令类垫，指令；委托管理琅坡；受命進(jìn)行的工作 vt. 授權(quán)悉患；托管
runaway??/‘r?n?we/??adj. 逃亡的；逃走的 | n. 逃跑榆俺；逃走的人
developmental stage 發(fā)育階段
incentive /?n’s?nt?v/ n. 動(dòng)機(jī)售躁；刺激 | adj. 激勵(lì)的；刺激的
dynamic??/da?’n?m?k/ adj. 動(dòng)態(tài)的茴晋；動(dòng)力的陪捷；動(dòng)力學(xué)的；有活力的
Natural/'n?t?r?l/ selection 自然選擇
Over time 隨著時(shí)間的過去诺擅；超時(shí)
strengthen /‘str??θn/ vt. 加強(qiáng)市袖；鞏固
correlation??/?k?r?’le??n/ n. [數(shù)] 相關(guān)，關(guān)聯(lián)烁涌；相互關(guān)系
maturity /m?’t??r?ti/ n. 成熟苍碟；到期；完備
weaning /'wi:ni?/ adj. 斷奶的
shepherd??/???p?d/ vt 牧羊撮执；帶領(lǐng)驰怎；指導(dǎo)二打；看管??| 牧羊人县忌；牧師掂榔；指導(dǎo)者
self-sufficiency /‘selfs?’fi??nsi/ n. 自給自足；自負(fù)
proposed /pr?u’p?uzd/ adj. 被提議的症杏；所推薦的
circumference /s?’k?mf?r?ns/ 圓周装获；周長(zhǎng)；胸圍
orangutan /??r??’?t?n/[脊椎] 猩猩（等于orangoutang）
baboon /b?'bu:n/??[脊椎] 狒狒
lemur /?lim?/??[脊椎] 狐猴
hypothesis??/ha?’pɑθ?s?s/??假設(shè)
driving vt. 推動(dòng)厉颤，發(fā)動(dòng)（機(jī)器等）穴豫；駕駛（馬車，汽車等）逼友；驅(qū)趕
the cycle/‘sa?kl/ 周期
unavailable /‘?n?’vel?bl/ 難以獲得的精肃；不能利用的；不近便的
brainpower /?bren?pa??/ 智能帜乞；智囊團(tuán)
maternal /m?'t?nl/母親的司抱；母性的；母系的黎烈；母體遺傳的
mortality /m?r’t?l?ti/ 死亡數(shù)习柠，死亡率；必死性照棋，必死的命運(yùn)
link to 把…和…聯(lián)系起來
suggest /s?’d??st/ vt 提議资溃，建議；啟發(fā)烈炭；使人想起溶锭；顯示；暗示
epidemiological??https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology???[?ep??di?mi?’l?d??kl] 流行病的
epidemiology??[?ep??di?mi’ɑ?l?d?i] 傳染病學(xué)符隙；流行病學(xué)
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
decisive /d?’sa?s?v/ . 決定性的趴捅；果斷的，堅(jiān)定的
suggestive???/s?’d??st?v/ 提示的膏执，示意的驻售；暗示的；引起聯(lián)想的
likely as not
as likely as not: 很可能更米；多半欺栗；說不定
genetic /d??’n?t?k/??遺傳的；基因的征峦；起源的
self-reinforcing /?ri?n’f?rs/??vt. 加強(qiáng)迟几，加固；強(qiáng)化栏笆；補(bǔ)充
typically /‘t?p?kli/ adv. 代表性地类腮；作為特色地
term /t?m/ 術(shù)語；學(xué)期蛉加；期限蚜枢；條款缸逃；(代數(shù)式等的)項(xiàng)
predictable /pr?’d?kt?bl/可預(yù)言的
heritability /?herit?’bil?ti/ 遺傳可能性
podcast??/p?d’k?st/ 播客
columnist??/‘kɑl?mn?st/ 專欄作家
