Elasticsearch 搜索基本操作

2021年初報(bào)名了阿里云舉辦的elasticsearch 百人大作戰(zhàn)柒昏，共同完成《ELK操作手冊(cè)》的編寫奉呛，有幸參與到了基礎(chǔ)能力編寫的部分-search基本操作渴丸，現(xiàn)整理部分內(nèi)容展現(xiàn)給大家參考學(xué)習(xí)植康。

業(yè)務(wù)背景

在2B行業(yè)效扫，對(duì)商品的搜索展示是有一定業(yè)務(wù)要求的，例如：存在合作關(guān)系的買家和供應(yīng)商才能看到供應(yīng)商店鋪的商品席覆，不存在合作關(guān)系的買家則不展示商品史辙，另外，有些商品對(duì)客戶甲展示一種價(jià)格佩伤，對(duì)另外一些客戶則展示另外一種價(jià)格髓霞，從而區(qū)分不同的會(huì)員、分組對(duì)商品價(jià)格的區(qū)別畦戒。一句話總結(jié)：2B行業(yè)的商品銷售具有一定封閉性、特殊性结序。后續(xù)例子均在此背景下展開描述障斋，以方便大家更加貼近業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景來(lái)熟悉elastic search 對(duì)文檔、索引徐鹤、查詢的一系列操作垃环。

定義mapping

商品字段描述如下：

goodsName: 商品名稱
skuCode：商品sku編碼
brandName：商品品牌名稱
channelType：渠道類型
shopCode： 店鋪編碼
publicPrice：售賣價(jià)格（基礎(chǔ)價(jià)，對(duì)所有人開放價(jià)格）
closeUserCode：封閉會(huì)員編碼
groupPrice：分組價(jià)格返敬，其中使用嵌套類型存儲(chǔ)
boxLevelPrice：分組價(jià)格
level：分組級(jí)別

定義商品mapping
PUT my_goods_20210423
{
  "settings": {
    "index": {
      "number_of_shards": 1,
      "number_of_replicas": 1
    }
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "goodsName": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_smart"
      },
      "skuCode": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "brandName": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "channelType": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "shopCode": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "publicPrice": {
        "type": "float"
      },
      "closeUserCode": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "standard"
      },
      "boostValue": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "groupPrice": {
        "type": "nested",
        "properties": {
          "boxLevelPrice": {
            "type": "float"
          },
          "level": {
            "type": "text"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

操作文檔

主要涉及以下幾個(gè)核心功能


document.png

1遂庄、新增

對(duì)文檔的新增操作支持以下類型

PUT /<target>/_doc/<_id>

POST /<target>/_doc/

PUT /<target>/_create/<_id>

POST /<target>/_create/<_id>

以 POST /<target>/_create/<_id>為例，以下將創(chuàng)建文檔ID為1的商品信息：

POST /my_goods_20210423/_create/1
{
    "goodsName":"蘋果 51英寸 4K超高清",
    "skuCode":"skuCode1",
    "brandName":"蘋果",
    "closeUserCode":[
        "0"
    ],
    "channelType":"cloudPlatform",
    "shopCode":"sc00001",
    "publicPrice":"8188.88",
    "groupPrice":null,
    "boxPrice":null,
    "boostValue":1.8
}

ES支持批量插入劲赠，_bulk桶插入

POST my_goods_20210423/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":3}}
{"goodsName":"蘋果UA55RU7520JXXZ 53英寸 4K高清","skuCode":"skuCode3","brandName":"美國(guó)蘋果","closeUserCode":["0"],"channelType":"cloudPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8388.88","groupPrice":null,"boxPrice":[{"boxType":"box1","boxUserCode":["htd003","uc004"],"boxPriceDetail":4388.88},{"boxType":"box2","boxUserCode":["uc005","uc0010"],"boxPriceDetail":5388.88}],"boostValue":1.2}
{"index":{"_id":4}}
{"goodsName":"山東蘋果UA55RU7520JXXZ 蘋果54英寸 5K超高清","skuCode":"skuCode4","brandName":"山東蘋果","closeUserCode":["uc001","uc002","uc003"],"channelType":"cloudPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8488.88","groupPrice":[{"level":"level1","boxLevelPrice":"2488.88"},{"level":"level2","boxLevelPrice":"3488.88"}],"boxPrice":[{"boxType":"box1","boxUserCode":["uc004","uc005","uc006","uc001"],"boxPriceDetail":4488.88},{"boxType":"box2","boxUserCode":["htd007","htd008","htd009","uc0010"],"boxPriceDetail":5488.88}],"boostValue":1.2}
{"index":{"_id":5}}
{"goodsName":"蘋果UA55R蘋果U7蘋果520JXXZ 55英寸 5K超高清","skuCode":"skuCode5","brandName":"三星蘋果","closeUserCode":["uc001","uc002","uc003"],"channelType":"cloudPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8488.88","groupPrice":[{"level":"level1","boxLevelPrice":"2500"},{"level":"level2","boxLevelPrice":"3500"}],"boxPrice":[{"boxType":"box1","boxUserCode":["uc004","uc005","uc006","uc001"],"boxPriceDetail":3588.88},{"boxType":"box2","boxUserCode":["htd007","htd008","htd009","uc0010"],"boxPriceDetail":5588.88}],"boostValue":1.2}
{"index":{"_id":6}}
{"goodsName":"三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 51英寸 4K超高清","skuCode":"skuCode1","brandName":"三星","closeUserCode":["0"],"channelType":"cmccPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8188.88","groupPrice":null,"boxPrice":null,"boostValue":1.2}
{"index":{"_id":7}}
{"goodsName":"三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 52英寸 4K超高清","skuCode":"skuCode2","brandName":"三星","closeUserCode":["0"],"channelType":"cmccPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8288.88","groupPrice":null,"boxPrice":[{"boxType":"box1","boxUserCode":["htd002"],"boxPriceDetail":4288.88}],"boostValue":1.2}
{"index":{"_id":8}}
{"goodsName":"三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 52英寸 4K超高清","skuCode":"skuCode2","brandName":"三星","closeUserCode":["uc0022"],"channelType":"cloudPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8288.88","groupPrice":null,"boxPrice":[{"boxType":"box1","boxUserCode":["uc0022"],"boxPriceDetail":4288.88}],"boostValue":1.2}
{"index":{"_id":9}}
{"goodsName":"三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 52英寸 4K超高清","skuCode":"skuCode2","brandName":"三星","closeUserCode":["uc0022"],"channelType":"cloudPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8288.88","groupPrice":null,"boxPrice":[{"boxType":"box1","boxUserCode":["uc0022"],"boxPriceDetail":4288.88}],"boostValue":1.2}
{"index":{"_id":10}}
{"goodsName":"三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 52英寸 4K超高清","skuCode":"skuCode2","brandName":"三星","closeUserCode":["uc0022"],"channelType":"cloudPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8288.88","groupPrice":null,"boxPrice":[{"boxType":"box1","boxUserCode":["uc0022"],"boxPriceDetail":4288.88}],"boostValue":1.8}

2涛目、刪除

對(duì)文檔的刪除操作支持以下類型

DELETE /<index>/_doc/<_id>

刪除文檔ID為2的數(shù)據(jù)：

DELETE /my_goods_20210423/_doc/2

另外，刪除操作支持帶多種條件的刪除凛澎，可以使用_delete_by_query,
如下操縱霹肝，將刪除店鋪編碼為“sc00002”的所有商品

POST /my_goods_20210423/_delete_by_query
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "shopCode": "sc00002"
    }
  }
}

3、修改

對(duì)文檔的修改操作支持以下類型

POST /<index>/_update/<_id>
修改文檔ID為1的文檔信息

新增字段

POST /my_goods_20210423/_update/1
{
  "doc": {
    "shopName": "小王店鋪"
  }
}

修改店鋪名稱為：“張三店鋪”

POST /my_goods_20210423/_update/1
{
  "doc": {
    "shopName": "張三店鋪"
  }
}

{
  "goodsName" : "蘋果 51英寸 4K超高清",
  "skuCode" : "skuCode1",
  "brandName" : "蘋果",
  "closeUserCode" : [
    "0"
  ],
  "channelType" : "cloudPlatform",
  "shopCode" : "sc00001",
  "publicPrice" : "8188.88",
  "groupPrice" : null,
  "boxPrice" : null,
  "boostValue" : 1.8,
  "shopName" : "張三店鋪"
}

另外塑煎，更新操作還可以使用_update_by_query api沫换，當(dāng)?shù)赇伨幋a為"sc00002"時(shí)修改"publicPrice"為5888.00元
插入文檔ID為2的店鋪商品信息

POST /my_goods_20210423/_create/2
{"goodsName":"蘋果 55英寸 3K超高清","skuCode":"skuCode2","brandName":"蘋果","closeUserCode":["0"],"channelType":"cloudPlatform","shopCode":"sc00002","publicPrice":"6188.88","groupPrice":null,"boxPrice":null,"boostValue":1.0}

此時(shí)查詢返回：

{
  "goodsName" : "蘋果 55英寸 3K超高清",
  "skuCode" : "skuCode2",
  "brandName" : "蘋果",
  "closeUserCode" : [
    "0"
  ],
  "channelType" : "cloudPlatform",
  "shopCode" : "sc00002",
  "publicPrice" : "6188.88",
  "groupPrice" : null,
  "boxPrice" : null,
  "boostValue" : 1.0
}

更新當(dāng)?shù)赇伨幋a為"sc00002"時(shí)修改"publicPrice"為5888.00元

POST /my_goods_20210423/_update_by_query
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.publicPrice=5888.00",
    "lang": "painless"
  },
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "shopCode": "sc00002"
    }
  }
}

再次查詢結(jié)果

GET /my_goods_20210423/_source/2

{
  "shopCode" : "sc00002",
  "brandName" : "蘋果",
  "closeUserCode" : [
    "0"
  ],
  "groupPrice" : null,
  "boxPrice" : null,
  "channelType" : "cloudPlatform",
  "boostValue" : 1.0,
  "publicPrice" : 5888.0,
  "goodsName" : "蘋果 55英寸 3K超高清",
  "skuCode" : "skuCode2"
}

當(dāng)有業(yè)務(wù)需要重建索引時(shí)需要用到_reindex api
索引的來(lái)源和目的地必須是已經(jīng)存在的index,、index alias最铁、或者data stream
你可以簡(jiǎn)單的將索引A reindex到索引B讯赏，當(dāng)然也可以帶條件的reindex到索引B
如下所示垮兑，將skuCode=skuCode2的商品信息reindex到索引my_goods_20210423_new中

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "my_goods_20210423",
    "query": {
      "match": {
        "skuCode": "skuCode2"
      }
    }
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "my_goods_20210423_new"
  }
}

查詢my_goods_20210423_new索引數(shù)據(jù)

GET my_goods_20210423_new/_search/

{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 4,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423_new",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "7",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 52英寸 4K超高清",
          "skuCode" : "skuCode2",
          "brandName" : "三星",
          "closeUserCode" : [
            "0"
          ],
          "channelType" : "cmccPlatform",
          "shopCode" : "sc00001",
          "publicPrice" : "8288.88",
          "groupPrice" : null,
          "boxPrice" : [
            {
              "boxType" : "box1",
              "boxUserCode" : [
                "htd002"
              ],
              "boxPriceDetail" : 4288.88
            }
          ],
          "boostValue" : 1.2
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423_new",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "8",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 52英寸 4K超高清",
          "skuCode" : "skuCode2",
          "brandName" : "三星",
          "closeUserCode" : [
            "uc0022"
          ],
          "channelType" : "cloudPlatform",
          "shopCode" : "sc00001",
          "publicPrice" : "8288.88",
          "groupPrice" : null,
          "boxPrice" : [
            {
              "boxType" : "box1",
              "boxUserCode" : [
                "uc0022"
              ],
              "boxPriceDetail" : 4288.88
            }
          ],
          "boostValue" : 1.2
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423_new",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "9",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 52英寸 4K超高清",
          "skuCode" : "skuCode2",
          "brandName" : "三星",
          "closeUserCode" : [
            "uc0022"
          ],
          "channelType" : "cloudPlatform",
          "shopCode" : "sc00001",
          "publicPrice" : "8288.88",
          "groupPrice" : null,
          "boxPrice" : [
            {
              "boxType" : "box1",
              "boxUserCode" : [
                "uc0022"
              ],
              "boxPriceDetail" : 4288.88
            }
          ],
          "boostValue" : 1.2
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423_new",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "10",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 52英寸 4K超高清",
          "skuCode" : "skuCode2",
          "brandName" : "三星",
          "closeUserCode" : [
            "uc0022"
          ],
          "channelType" : "cloudPlatform",
          "shopCode" : "sc00001",
          "publicPrice" : "8288.88",
          "groupPrice" : null,
          "boxPrice" : [
            {
              "boxType" : "box1",
              "boxUserCode" : [
                "uc0022"
              ],
              "boxPriceDetail" : 4288.88
            }
          ],
          "boostValue" : 1.8
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

4、查詢

對(duì)文檔的查詢操作支持以下類型

GET <index>/_doc/<_id>

HEAD <index>/_doc/<_id>

GET <index>/_source/<_id>

HEAD <index>/_source/<_id>
查詢文檔ID為1的文檔信息
GET /my_goods_20210423/_doc/1
查詢文檔ID為1的文檔是否存在

只判斷文檔是否存在漱挎，head返回的信息更少系枪、性能更高，滿足特殊業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景使用

HEAD /my_goods_20210423/_doc/1

返回：

200 - OK
只返回文檔信息

查詢時(shí)只返回_source信息

GET /my_goods_20210423/_source/1

返回：

{
  "goodsName" : "蘋果 51英寸 4K超高清",
  "skuCode" : "skuCode1",
  "brandName" : "蘋果",
  "closeUserCode" : [
    "0"
  ],
  "channelType" : "cloudPlatform",
  "shopCode" : "sc00001",
  "publicPrice" : "8188.88",
  "groupPrice" : null,
  "boxPrice" : null,
  "boostValue" : 1.8
}
定制化返回參數(shù)

只獲取_source部分參數(shù)识樱，類似數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查詢中的指定字段嗤无，而不是select * 返回所有字段

GET my_goods_20210423/_source/1/?_source_includes=brandName,goodsName

返回：

{
  "brandName" : "蘋果",
  "goodsName" : "蘋果 51英寸 4K超高清"
}
查詢文檔ID為1的文檔是否存在

只判斷文檔是否存在，head返回的信息更少怜庸、性能更高当犯，滿足特殊業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景使用

HEAD /my_goods_20210423/_doc/1

返回：

200 - OK
批量查詢

ES同時(shí)支持批量查詢，需要使用_mget API割疾，查詢文檔ID等于1和2的文檔信息

GET /my_goods_20210423/_mget
{
  "docs": [
    {
      "_id": "1"
    },
    {
      "_id": "2"
    }
  ]
}

返回：

{
  "docs" : [
    {
      "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "1",
      "_version" : 7,
      "_seq_no" : 8,
      "_primary_term" : 1,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : {
        "goodsName" : "蘋果 51英寸 4K超高清",
        "skuCode" : "skuCode1",
        "brandName" : "蘋果",
        "closeUserCode" : [
          "0"
        ],
        "channelType" : "cloudPlatform",
        "shopCode" : "sc00001",
        "publicPrice" : "8188.88",
        "groupPrice" : null,
        "boxPrice" : null,
        "boostValue" : 1.8,
        "shopName" : "張三店鋪"
      }
    },
    {
      "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "2",
      "found" : false
    }
  ]
}

Query DSL

查詢索引包括全文本查詢嚎卫、組合查詢、結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢等宏榕，主要分為query與filter查詢拓诸。
2者查詢是有區(qū)別的：

  1. query查詢，用于解答文檔是否存在并且告知返回文檔與查詢條件的匹配度麻昼，返回_score評(píng)分供用戶選擇
  2. filter查詢奠支，只用于返回文檔是否與查詢匹配，但是不會(huì)告訴你匹配度抚芦，在做聚合查詢時(shí)filter經(jīng)常發(fā)揮更大的作用倍谜，因?yàn)闆](méi)有評(píng)分ES的處理速度就會(huì)提高，提升了整體響應(yīng)時(shí)間叉抡。同時(shí)filter可以緩存查詢結(jié)果尔崔，而query則不能緩存
使用場(chǎng)景：如果涉及到全文檢索以及評(píng)分相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)使用query，其他場(chǎng)景推薦使用filter查詢

組合查詢

image.png
boolean查詢

boolean 查詢包含must褥民、filter季春、should、must_not
must為必須匹配并且返回評(píng)分消返，filter忽略評(píng)分载弄，should相當(dāng)于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查詢中的or,must_not 為不匹配，相當(dāng)于不等于
查詢：店鋪編碼=sc00001 且渠道channelType=cloudPlatform 且publicPrice價(jià)格區(qū)間不在8288-8888之間或者品牌包含蘋果

POST /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": {
        "term":{
          "shopCode":"sc00001"
        }
      },
      "filter": {
        "term": {
          "channelType": "cloudPlatform"
        }
      },
      "must_not": [
        {
         "range": {
           "publicPrice": {
             "gte": 8288,
             "lte": 8888
           }
         }
        }
      ],
      "should": [
        {
          "term": {
            "brandName": {
              "value": "蘋果"
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "minimum_should_match" : 1
    }
  }
}
boosting 查詢

boosting用于控制評(píng)分相關(guān)度相關(guān)侦副，可以提升評(píng)分也可以降低評(píng)分

POST /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "boosting": {
      "positive": {
        "term": {
          "skuCode": {
            "value": "skuCode1"
          }
        }
      },
      "negative": {
        "term": {
          "goodsName": {
            "value": "三星"
          }
        }
      }, 
      "negative_boost": 1
    }
  }
}

此時(shí)設(shè)置的negative_boost=1侦锯，不提升也不降低，返回：

"hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.3862942,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "蘋果 51英寸 4K超高清",
          "skuCode" : "skuCode1",
          "brandName" : "蘋果",
          "closeUserCode" : [
            "0"
          ],
          "channelType" : "cloudPlatform",
          "shopCode" : "sc00001",
          "publicPrice" : "8188.88",
          "groupPrice" : null,
          "boxPrice" : null,
          "boostValue" : 1.8,
          "shopName" : "張三店鋪"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "6",
        "_score" : 1.3862942,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 51英寸 4K超高清",
          "skuCode" : "skuCode1",
          "brandName" : "三星",
          "closeUserCode" : [
            "0"
          ],
          "channelType" : "cmccPlatform",
          "shopCode" : "sc00001",
          "publicPrice" : "8188.88",
          "groupPrice" : null,
          "boxPrice" : null,
          "boostValue" : 1.2
        }
      }
    ]

可以看到2條文檔記錄評(píng)分一致："_score" : 1.3862942

當(dāng)我們修改 "negative_boost": 0.2時(shí)秦驯，此時(shí)返回（省略部分無(wú)關(guān)字段）：

"hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.3862942,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "蘋果 51英寸 4K超高清",
          "skuCode" : "skuCode1",
          "brandName" : "蘋果",
          "closeUserCode" : [
            "0"
          ],
          "channelType" : "cloudPlatform",
          "shopCode" : "sc00001",
          "publicPrice" : "8188.88",
          "groupPrice" : null,
          "boxPrice" : null,
          "boostValue" : 1.8,
          "shopName" : "張三店鋪"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "6",
        "_score" : 0.27725884,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "三星UA55RU7520JXXZ 51英寸 4K超高清",
          "skuCode" : "skuCode1",
          "brandName" : "三星",
          "closeUserCode" : [
            "0"
          ],
          "channelType" : "cmccPlatform",
          "shopCode" : "sc00001",
          "publicPrice" : "8188.88",
          "groupPrice" : null,
          "boxPrice" : null,
          "boostValue" : 1.2
        }
      }
    ]

此時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)文檔ID=6的評(píng)分下降到_score" : 0.27725884尺碰，因?yàn)樵趎egative命中了查詢條件，negative_boost在0到1之間時(shí)，用于降低評(píng)分亲桥，相反洛心，大于1用于提升評(píng)分

Constant score query 查詢

當(dāng)查詢不關(guān)心TF（詞頻）時(shí)，就可以使用constant score query

POST /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "constant_score": {
      "filter": {
        "term": {
          "goodsName": "蘋果"
        }
      },
      "boost": 1.2
    }
  }
}

返回（省略部分無(wú)關(guān)字段）：

{
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.2,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "蘋果UA55RU7520JXXZ 53英寸 4K高清"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.2,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "山東蘋果UA55RU7520JXXZ 蘋果54英寸 5K超高清"
        }
      }
}

可以看到题篷，文檔ID=3的評(píng)分和文檔ID=4的評(píng)分一樣词身，但是ID=4的匹配相關(guān)度更高，這是由于我們忽略了詞頻對(duì)打分的影響番枚。

Disjunction max query 查詢

Disjunction 查詢也被理解為分離最大化查詢法严，指的是： 將任何與任一查詢匹配的文檔作為結(jié)果返回，但只將最佳匹配的評(píng)分作為查詢的評(píng)分結(jié)果返回葫笼，例如查詢商品名稱和品牌名稱中包含“蘋果”的信息深啤，當(dāng)品牌的評(píng)分高于商品名稱時(shí)，則返回品牌的評(píng)分做為總評(píng)分（忽略tie_breaker緩沖）

GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "dis_max": {
      "tie_breaker": 0.7,
      "boost": 1.2,
      "queries": [
        {
          "term": {
            "goodsName": {
              "value": "蘋果"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "brandName": {
              "value": "蘋果"
            }
          }
        }
        ]
    }
  }
}

返回結(jié)果（忽略無(wú)關(guān)字段）：

"max_score" : 3.0150018,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 3.0150018,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "蘋果 51英寸 4K超高清",
          "brandName" : "蘋果"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "5",
        "_score" : 1.3465583,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "蘋果UA55R蘋果U7蘋果520JXXZ 55英寸 5K超高清",
          "brandName" : "三星蘋果"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.2337791,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "山東蘋果UA55RU7520JXXZ 蘋果54英寸 5K超高清",
          "brandName" : "山東蘋果"
        }
      },

分析：

  1. id=1的記錄路星，由于品牌只包含“蘋果”2字溯街，ES認(rèn)為這種匹配度更高，所以此條記錄評(píng)分排在第一位
  2. id=5的記錄洋丐，由于品牌中和ID=4的記錄都包含蘋果且字?jǐn)?shù)一樣呈昔，此時(shí)就要看goodsName包含蘋果的詞頻數(shù)量了，ID=5的品牌中友绝，“蘋果”出現(xiàn)了3次堤尾，而ID=4的值出現(xiàn)了2次，所以評(píng)分沒(méi)有ID=5的高迁客，符合我們的預(yù)期結(jié)果哀峻。
  3. tie_breaker字段做什么用呢？它是起到了緩沖的作用（取值范圍：0到1之間）哲泊，Disjunction查詢會(huì)將匹配度最高的字段得分做為整個(gè)文檔的得分返回，這種情況其他字段就不起作用了催蝗，難免有點(diǎn)走極端切威，此時(shí)就需要tie_breaker來(lái)做緩存，提升其他字段的影響力丙号，最終的結(jié)果：brandName評(píng)分+goodsName評(píng)分*tie_breaker先朦。作為總評(píng)分返回
Function score query 查詢

Function score 允許你控制查詢?cè)u(píng)分，是用來(lái)控制評(píng)分過(guò)程的終極武器犬缨。最高效的用法是用過(guò)濾器對(duì)結(jié)果的子集應(yīng)用不同的函數(shù)喳魏，同時(shí)運(yùn)用了filter的緩存并且達(dá)到了控制評(píng)分的過(guò)程。
我們想讓山東的蘋果搜索出現(xiàn)美國(guó)蘋果之前怀薛，查詢商品名稱包含“蘋果”刺彩，當(dāng)品牌中包含“美國(guó)”時(shí)，權(quán)重設(shè)置為2，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)“山東”時(shí)创倔，權(quán)重設(shè)置為40

GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "function_score": {
      "query": {
        "term": {
          "goodsName": {
            "value": "蘋果"
          }
        }
      },
      "boost": 2, 
      "functions": [
        {
          "filter": {
            "match":{
              "brandName":"美國(guó)"
            }
          },
          "random_score": {
            
          },
          "weight": 2
        },
        {
          "filter": {
            "match":{
              "brandName":"山東"
            }
          },
          "weight": 40
        }
      ],
      "max_boost": 60,
      "score_mode": "max",
      "boost_mode": "multiply",
      "min_score": 2
    }
  }
}

返回主要信息：

    "max_score" : 2.2442641,
    "hits" : [
     {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 2.0562985,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "山東蘋果UA55RU7520JXXZ 蘋果54英寸 5K超高清",
          "brandName" : "山東蘋果"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_20210423",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.7582327,
        "_source" : {
          "goodsName" : "蘋果UA55RU7520JXXZ 53英寸 4K高清",
          "brandName" : "美國(guó)蘋果",
        }
      }
    ]

解釋幾個(gè)參數(shù)：

  1. score_mode
    multiply:默認(rèn)嗡害，分?jǐn)?shù)相乘
    sum：分?jǐn)?shù)求和
    avg：平均分?jǐn)?shù)
    first：第一個(gè) function的分?jǐn)?shù)
    max：使用評(píng)分最大的分?jǐn)?shù)
    min：使用評(píng)分最小的分?jǐn)?shù)

avg舉例，如果2個(gè)函數(shù)返回的分?jǐn)?shù)為1和2畦攘，并且它們的權(quán)重分別為3和4霸妹，則他們的評(píng)分為：(13+24)/(3+4)
其他詳解請(qǐng)參考官方score-functions詳解

全文檢索

全文檢索.png
match 查詢

match 查詢是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的查詢，示例如下：

GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "goodsName": "蘋果 高清 英寸"
    }
  }
}

match查詢是一種boolean類型的查詢知押，可以使用"operator"來(lái)控制boolean 字句叹螟，operator包含 and 和 or(默認(rèn)為 or)

GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "goodsName": {
        "query": "蘋果 高清 英寸",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}

返回結(jié)果：

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 0,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

命中為0，因?yàn)闆](méi)有標(biāo)題中包含“蘋果 高清 英寸”詞組的商品信息

match boolean prefix query

添加2條商品名稱是因?yàn)榈臏y(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)台盯，方便測(cè)試

POST my_goods_20210423/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":11}}
{"goodsName":"apple goods test","skuCode":"skuCode3","brandName":"美國(guó)蘋果","closeUserCode":["0"],"channelType":"cloudPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8388.88","groupPrice":null,"boxPrice":[{"boxType":"box1","boxUserCode":["htd003","uc004"],"boxPriceDetail":4388.88},{"boxType":"box2","boxUserCode":["uc005","uc0010"],"boxPriceDetail":5388.88}],"boostValue":1.2}
{"index":{"_id":12}}
{"goodsName":"apple goods online","skuCode":"skuCode3","brandName":"美國(guó)蘋果","closeUserCode":["0"],"channelType":"cloudPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8388.88","groupPrice":null,"boxPrice":[{"boxType":"box1","boxUserCode":["htd003","uc004"],"boxPriceDetail":4388.88},{"boxType":"box2","boxUserCode":["uc005","uc0010"],"boxPriceDetail":5388.88}],"boostValue":1.2}

GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_bool_prefix": {
      "goodsName": "apple goods t"
    }
  }
}

2條剛添加的商品都被查詢到了罢绽，match_bool_prefix原理就相當(dāng)于把詞組分開后的boolean查詢，轉(zhuǎn)換后類似如下查詢：

GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool" : {
      "should": [
        { "term": { "goodsName": "apple" }},
        { "term": { "goodsName": "goods" }},
        { "prefix": { "goodsName": "t"}}
      ]
    }
  }
}
match prefix query

用于匹配索引中是否存在所輸入的查詢條件數(shù)據(jù)

GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "goodsName": "apple"
    }
  }
}

比較match_phrase與match區(qū)別爷恳，match_phrase會(huì)將查詢條件的中的信息看做一個(gè)整體有缆，不做分詞去查詢，當(dāng)然你也可以指定分詞類型温亲，而match會(huì)將查詢中的條件做分詞處理后棚壁，再去做查詢

#查詢不到任何數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)椴淮嬖?goods t'的詞組
GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "goodsName": "goods t"
    }
  }
}
#能查詢到數(shù)據(jù)栈虚，因?yàn)槲臋n中包含goods和t的詞組
GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "goodsName": "goods t"
    }
  }
}
match phrase prefix query

返回文檔包含給定查詢條件的文檔袖外，文檔中必須包含給定條件的內(nèi)容且是按照順序的，如"apple goods t" 魂务，商品名稱包含"apple goods test"的數(shù)據(jù)將被查詢到返回曼验。
新增一條測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)

POST my_goods_20210423/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":13}}
{"goodsName":"apple and goods product ","skuCode":"skuCode3","brandName":"美國(guó)蘋果","closeUserCode":["0"],"channelType":"cloudPlatform","shopCode":"sc00001","publicPrice":"8388.88","groupPrice":null,"boxPrice":[{"boxType":"box1","boxUserCode":["htd003","uc004"],"boxPriceDetail":4388.88},{"boxType":"box2","boxUserCode":["uc005","uc0010"],"boxPriceDetail":5388.88}],"boostValue":1.2}

#只返回goodsName : apple goods test的數(shù)據(jù)
GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "goodsName": "apple goods t"
    }
  }
}
總結(jié)比較match這四種查詢
match比較.png
Multi-match

多字段匹配，可以在多個(gè)字段中匹配查詢相關(guān)信息粘姜，通過(guò)type參數(shù)可以調(diào)整結(jié)果集

#查詢商品名稱和品牌名稱中包含蘋果的文檔信息
POST /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "蘋果",
      "type": "best_fields", 
      "fields": ["goodsName","brandName"],
      "tie_breaker": 0.3
    }
  }
}

type參數(shù)類型詳解：

  • best_fields ：默認(rèn)鬓照，匹配fields，將評(píng)分最高的分?jǐn)?shù)做為整個(gè)查詢的分?jǐn)?shù)返回
  • most_fields：查詢匹配的文檔孤紧，并且返回各個(gè)字段的分?jǐn)?shù)之和的平均值
  • cross_fields：跨字段匹配豺裆，匹配多個(gè)字段中是否包含查詢?cè)~組
  • phrase：以match_phrase方式運(yùn)行查詢，并返回最佳匹配的評(píng)分做為總評(píng)分
  • phrase_prefix：以match_phrase_prefix方式運(yùn)行查詢号显，并返回最佳匹配的評(píng)分做為總評(píng)分
  • bool_prefix：在每個(gè)字段上運(yùn)行match_bool_prefix查詢并組合每個(gè)字段的評(píng)分臭猜，詳情參考bool_prefix
    以cross_fields為例進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)講解
#插入測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)
PUT my_shop
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "firstName":{
        "type":"text"
      },
      "lastName":{
        "type":"text"
      }
    }
  }
}
POST my_shop/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":1}}
{"first_name":"Will","last_name":"Smith","age":25}
{"index":{"_id":2}}
{"first_name":"Smith","last_name":"hello","age":21}
{"index":{"_id":3}}
{"first_name":"Will","last_name":"hello","age":20}

#查詢姓名為Will Smith的信息
GET /my_shop/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match" : {
      "query":      "Will Smith",
      "type":       "cross_fields",
      "fields":     [ "first_name^2", "last_name" ],
      "operator":   "and"
    }
  }
}
#返回
"max_score" : 1.9208363,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_shop",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.9208363,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "Will",
          "last_name" : "Smith",
          "age" : 25
        }
      }
    ]

另外，first_name提升了權(quán)重押蚤，默認(rèn)為1

Term-level查詢

可以使用term-level 查詢結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)蔑歌，結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)如日期范圍、IP地址揽碘、價(jià)格等,下面分別演示在業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景中的實(shí)際使用

  • exists查詢
    返回包含字段索引值的文檔
#返回包含goodsName字段的索引文檔
GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "exists": {
      "field": "goodsName"
    }
  }
}
  • fuzzy查詢
    返回包含與搜索字詞相似的字詞的文檔,可以用于查詢糾錯(cuò)功能
#以官網(wǎng)例子舉例說(shuō)明
POST /my_index/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "text": "Surprise me!"}
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "text": "That was surprising."}
{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
{ "text": "I wasn't surprised."}

GET /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {
      "text": {
        "value": "surprize",
        "prefix_length": 1
      }
    }
  }
}
#發(fā)揮
"hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "my_type",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.9559981,
        "_source" : {
          "text" : "Surprise me!"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "my_type",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.69983494,
        "_source" : {
          "text" : "I wasn't surprised."
        }
      }

默認(rèn)如果不設(shè)置次屠，prefix_length就是2

  1. surprising 錯(cuò)誤3個(gè)位置园匹，不能糾錯(cuò)
  2. surprize 拼寫錯(cuò)誤，s->z,錯(cuò)誤在一個(gè)位置帅矗，在2個(gè)位置的糾錯(cuò)范圍之內(nèi)
    為提高性能偎肃，可以設(shè)置max_expansions，將限制產(chǎn)生模糊文檔的個(gè)數(shù)浑此，
    另外累颂，prefix_length不宜設(shè)置過(guò)大，也將影響查詢性能凛俱，同時(shí)錯(cuò)誤過(guò)多也將導(dǎo)致查詢結(jié)果不是用戶期望的紊馏。
  • ids查詢
    范圍文檔包含ID的文檔信息
GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "ids" : {
      "values" : ["1", "4", "5"]
    }
  }
}
  • prefix查詢
    返回在提供的字段中包含特定前綴的文檔
GET /my_shop_test/_search
{
  "query": {
    "prefix": {
      "shopName": {
        "value": "bo"
      }
    }
  }
}
#返回
"hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_shop_test",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "shopName" : "box",
          "shopCode" : "Smith"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_shop_test",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "shopName" : "booex",
          "shopCode" : "act"
        }
      }
    ]
  • range查詢
    rand查詢類似數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的 大于、小于范圍查詢
GET my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "publicPrice": {
        "gte": 2000,
        "lte": 8488
      }
    }
  }
}
  1. gt :大于
  2. gte：大于等于
  3. lt:小于
  4. lte：小于等于
  • regexp查詢
    正則表達(dá)式查詢蒲犬，查詢店鋪編碼以's'開頭朱监，中間包括任何字符以及長(zhǎng)度并且以'1'結(jié)尾的數(shù)據(jù)
GET my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "regexp": {
      "shopCode": {
        "value": "s.*1",
        "flags": "ALL",
        "case_insensitive": true,
        "max_determinized_states": 10000,
        "rewrite": "constant_score"
      }
    }
  }
}
  • term查詢
#返回確切的文檔內(nèi)容，避免對(duì)text字段類型使用term
GET my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "brandName": {
        "value": "三星",
        "boost": 1.0
      }
    }
  }
}
  • terms查詢
    terms返回一個(gè)或多個(gè)包含精確查詢條件的文檔信息
GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "brandName": [ "美國(guó)", "三星" ],
      "boost": 1.0
    }
  }
}
  • terms_set查詢
    返回最小精確匹配成功的文檔信息原叮，terms_set類似terms 查詢赫编，只不過(guò)terms_se多定義了返回最小匹配的數(shù)量
#新定義商品信息
PUT /my_goods_info
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "goodsName": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "sale_property": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "required_matches": {
        "type": "long"
      }
    }
  }
}

#添加3條商品測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)
#銷售屬性 白色、64G奋隶、標(biāo)品
PUT /my_goods_info/_doc/1?refresh
{
  "name": "apple",
  "sale_property": [ "white", "64","standard" ],
  "required_matches": 2
}
#黑色擂送、32G、非標(biāo)品
PUT /my_goods_info/_doc/2?refresh
{
  "name": "apple",
  "sale_property": [ "black", "32","no standard" ],
  "required_matches": 2
}
#黑色唯欣、64 非標(biāo)品
PUT /my_goods_info/_doc/3?refresh
{
  "name": "apple",
  "sale_property": [ "black", "64","no standard" ],
  "required_matches": 2
}
#查詢
GET /my_goods_info/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms_set": {
      "sale_property": {
        "terms": [ "white", "64"],
        "minimum_should_match_field": "required_matches"
      }
    }
  }
}
#返回
"hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_goods_info",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.1149836,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "apple",
          "sale_property" : [
            "white",
            "64",
            "standard"
          ],
          "required_matches" : 2
        }
      }
    ]
  • wildcard查詢
    返回包含與通配符模式匹配的術(shù)語(yǔ)的文檔
#返回
GET /my_goods_20210423/_search
{
  "query": {
    "wildcard": {
      "shopCode": {
        "value": "sc*1",
        "boost": 1.0,
        "rewrite": "constant_score"
      }
    }
  }
}
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