一园蝠、nginx 錯(cuò)誤頁(yè)面配置
nginx錯(cuò)誤頁(yè)面包括404 403 500 502 503 504等頁(yè)面，只需要在server中增加以下配置即可：
error_page 404 /404.html; 指定404返回的靜態(tài)頁(yè)面路由
location = /404.html {
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
}
注意：
/usr/local/nginx/html/路徑下必須有404.html這個(gè)文件Ｃ诽搿Ｈ绦ァ！
404.html上如果引用其他文件的png或css就會(huì)有問(wèn)題履植，顯示不出來(lái)计雌，因?yàn)槠渌募脑L問(wèn)也要做配置；
為了簡(jiǎn)單玫霎，可以將css嵌入文件中凿滤，圖片用base64編碼嵌入；如下：
[root@localhost html]# vim 404.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" />
<title>404</title>
<style>
.layout-table{display:table;height:100%;width:100%;vertical-align: middle;margin-top:150px}
.layout-table-cell{display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;text-align:center}
.layout-tip{font-size:28px;color:#373737;margin: 0 auto;margin-top:16px;border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;padding-bottom: 20px;width: 360px;}
#tips{font-size:18px;color:#666666;margin-top:16px;}
</style>
</head>
<body class="layui-layout-body">
<div class="layui-layout layui-layout-admin">
<div class="layui-body">
<div class="layout-table">
<div class="layout-table-cell">
<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="layout-img">
<p class="layout-tip">哎呀庶近，找不到該頁(yè)面啦翁脆！</p>
<p id="tips">請(qǐng)檢查您的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接是否正常或者輸入的網(wǎng)址是否正確</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果圖：
1561964133748.png
二鼻种、nginx 流量控制
流量限制 (rate-limiting)反番，我們可以用來(lái)限制用戶在給定時(shí)間內(nèi)HTTP請(qǐng)求的數(shù)量。流量限制可以用作安全目的叉钥，比如可以減慢暴力密碼破解的速率罢缸。還可以用來(lái)抵御 DDOS 攻擊。更常見(jiàn)的情況是該功能被用來(lái)保護(hù)上游應(yīng)用服務(wù)器不被同時(shí)太多用戶請(qǐng)求所壓垮投队。
1枫疆、Nginx如何限流
Nginx的”流量限制”使用漏桶算法(leaky bucket algorithm)，就好比敷鸦，一個(gè)桶口在倒水息楔，桶底在漏水的水桶寝贡。如果桶口倒水的速率大于桶底的漏水速率，桶里面的水將會(huì)溢出值依；同樣圃泡，在請(qǐng)求處理方面，水代表來(lái)自客戶端的請(qǐng)求愿险，水桶代表根據(jù)”先進(jìn)先出調(diào)度算法”(FIFO)等待被處理的請(qǐng)求隊(duì)列颇蜡，桶底漏出的水代表離開(kāi)緩沖區(qū)被服務(wù)器處理的請(qǐng)求，桶口溢出的水代表被丟棄和不被處理的請(qǐng)求拯啦。
2、配置基本的限流
“流量限制”配置兩個(gè)主要的指令熔任，limit_req_zone和limit_req褒链，如下所示：
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=mylimit:10m rate=1r/s;
upstream myweb {
server 10.3.134.2:80 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location /login {
limit_req zone=mylimit;
proxy_pass http://myweb;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
10.3.134.2配置:
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location /login {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.html;
}
}
limit_req_zone指令設(shè)置流量限制和內(nèi)存區(qū)域的參數(shù)，但實(shí)際上并不限制請(qǐng)求速率疑苔。所以需要通過(guò)添加limit_req指令啟用流量限制,應(yīng)用在特定的location或者server塊甫匹。(示例中，對(duì)于”/login/”的所有請(qǐng)求)惦费。
limit_req_zone指令通常在HTTP塊中定義兵迅，使其可在多個(gè)上下文中使用，它需要以下三個(gè)參數(shù)：
- Key - 定義應(yīng)用限制的請(qǐng)求特性薪贫。示例中的 Nginx 變量$binary_remote_addr恍箭，保存客戶端IP地址的二進(jìn)制形式。
- Zone - 定義用于存儲(chǔ)每個(gè)IP地址狀態(tài)以及被限制請(qǐng)求URL訪問(wèn)頻率的內(nèi)存區(qū)域瞧省。通過(guò)zone=keyword標(biāo)識(shí)區(qū)域的名字(自定義)扯夭，以及冒號(hào)后面跟區(qū)域大小。16000個(gè)IP地址的狀態(tài)信息鞍匾，大約需要1MB交洗。
- Rate - 連接請(qǐng)求。在示例中橡淑，速率不能超過(guò)每秒1個(gè)請(qǐng)求构拳。
3、配置流量控制的日志
默認(rèn)情況下梁棠，Nginx以error級(jí)別來(lái)記錄被拒絕的請(qǐng)求置森，如要更改Nginx的日志記錄級(jí)別，需要使用limit_req_log_level指令符糊。這里暇藏，我們將被拒絕請(qǐng)求的日志記錄級(jí)別設(shè)置為warn：
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=mylimit:10m rate=1r/s;
upstream myweb {
server 10.0.105.196:80 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location /login {
limit_req zone=mylimit;
limit_req_log_level warn;
proxy_pass http://myweb;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
默認(rèn)情況下，Nginx會(huì)在日志中記錄由于流量限制而延遲或丟棄的請(qǐng)求濒蒋，如下所示：
2019/02/13 04:20:00 [error] 120315#0: *32086 limiting requests, excess: 1.000 by zone "mylimit", client: 192.168.1.2, server: nginx.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.0", host: "nginx.com"
日志條目中包含的字段：
- limiting requests - 表明日志條目記錄的是被“流量限制”請(qǐng)求
- excess - 每毫秒超過(guò)對(duì)應(yīng)“流量限制”配置的請(qǐng)求數(shù)量
- zone - 定義實(shí)施“流量限制”的區(qū)域
- client - 發(fā)起請(qǐng)求的客戶端IP地址
- server - 服務(wù)器IP地址或主機(jī)名
- request - 客戶端發(fā)起的實(shí)際HTTP請(qǐng)求
- host - HTTP報(bào)頭中host的值
4盐碱、發(fā)送到客戶端的錯(cuò)誤代碼
一般情況下把兔，客戶端超過(guò)配置的流量限制時(shí)，Nginx響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼為503(Service Temporarily Unavailable)瓮顽∠睾茫可以使用limit_req_status指令來(lái)設(shè)置為其它狀態(tài)碼(例如下面的404狀態(tài)碼):
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=mylimit:10m rate=1r/s;
upstream myweb {
server 10.0.105.196:80 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location /login {
limit_req zone=mylimit;
limit_req_log_level warn;
limit_req_status 404;
proxy_pass http://myweb;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
