健康
為什么（一些）人天生就有啤酒肚西乖？
2019-01-16
今日導(dǎo)讀
人們長期以來將“啤酒肚”和“不健康”聯(lián)系在一起松靡，覺得腹部的脂肪囤積一定是營養(yǎng)過剩和缺乏鍛煉的結(jié)果简僧，殊不知有些人從小就長著渾圓的啤酒肚。不管后天如何控制飲食雕欺，這些人追求健康的成本總比另一部分人要大岛马。是什么造成了天生的啤酒肚？天生的啤酒肚對這些人的健康又會產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響屠列？讓我們一起走進這篇《彭博社》的節(jié)選新聞啦逆。
帶著問題聽講解
Q1: 文中提到了哪兩種脂肪？英文表達分別是什么笛洛？
Q2: “picture”在文中是什么含義夏志？
Q3: “冠心病”如何用英語表達？
新聞?wù)?br>
Why (some) humans are born to have a beer belly
為什么（一些）人天生就有啤酒肚
Scientific literature on excess weight and health is expanding along with global waistlines, and yet, it's hard to find a solid, coherent scientific explanation for why some people get fat and others don't, and why some overweight people get Type 2 diabetes and heart disease and others don't.
全球范圍內(nèi)人們的腰圍正在增加的同時苛让，關(guān)于超重和健康的科學(xué)文獻也在變多沟蔑。然而湿诊，很難找到一個可靠且合乎邏輯的科學(xué)解釋，說明為什么一些人會變胖而一些人不會瘦材，為什么一些超重的人得了 2 型糖尿病和心腦血管疾病厅须，而另一些人沒有。
Last week, an evolutionary biologist published a sweeping picture of human fat and health in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
上周食棕，一位進化生物學(xué)家在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》上發(fā)表了一篇關(guān)于人類脂肪和健康的全面描述朗和。
The biologist, Mary Jane West-Eberhard of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Costa Rica, has focused her work on understanding biological variation.
這位名叫 Mary Jane West-Eberhard 的生物學(xué)家在哥斯達黎加史密森熱帶研究所工作，她致力于研究理解生物變異宣蠕。
Sometimes individuals with the same genes can show dramatic differences. She proposes that the same biological principle can explain why humans come in quite different shapes. Some people put on so-called visceral fat, surrounding vital organs, while others put on so-called subcutaneous fat on the limbs, hips and elsewhere. This makes a big difference in health because recent studies show it's the visceral fat that's associated with Type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
有時例隆，具有相同基因的個體可能表現(xiàn)出顯著的差異。她提出抢蚀，同樣的生物原理可以解釋為何人類的體型如此不同镀层。一些人長著所謂的內(nèi)臟脂肪，這些脂肪包圍著重要的器官皿曲。另一些人則在四肢唱逢、臀部和其它地方長出所謂的皮下脂肪。這對健康產(chǎn)生了很大的影響屋休，因為最新的研究表明坞古，內(nèi)臟脂肪才是 2 型糖尿病和心臟病的罪魁禍首。
She looked into visceral fat—also known as the omentum, a part of the immune system. It wraps around the vital organs and protects them from infection. But what's protective early in life can have a downside later. Our natural immune response often involves inflammation, and that has been associated with Type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
Mary Jane West-Eberhard 研究了也被稱為網(wǎng)膜的內(nèi)臟脂肪劫樟，它是免疫系統(tǒng)的一部分痪枫。內(nèi)臟脂肪包裹著重要的器官，讓它們免受感染叠艳。但是早年具有保護功能的脂肪隨后可能會產(chǎn)生不利影響奶陈。我們天生的免疫系統(tǒng)（隨后對內(nèi)臟脂肪）的反應(yīng)包括炎癥，而炎癥跟 2 型糖尿病和冠心病脫不了關(guān)系附较。
Analyses like West-Eberhard's paper might change the way we see our fellow humans. What makes a person with gorgeous, enviable curves different from someone with an unhealthy-looking gut? It's not necessarily that one is more "out of shape" or less self-controlled.
像 West-Eberhard 的論文這樣的分析可能會改變我們看待人類同胞的方式吃粒。 是什么讓一個曲線迷人，令人羨慕的人和一個有著看起來不健康肚子的人產(chǎn)生不同拒课？原因不一定在于后者更加“身型走樣”或者疏于自我管理徐勃。
—————? 文章來源 / 彭博社
重點詞匯
waistline/?we?stla?n/
n. 腰圍
e.g.
I started jogging recently to try to reduce my waistline.
a slender waistline
He has a bulging waistline.
coherent/ko??h?r?nt/
adj. 連貫一致的，條理清楚的
e.g.
incoherent
That man was almost incoherent with fear.
sweeping/?swi?p??/
adj. 影響廣泛的早像，全面的
e.g.
sweeping reforms / changes
picture/?p?kt??r/
n. 描述
e.g.
The writer paints a gloomy picture of the domestic economy.
variation/?veri?e??n/
n. 變化僻肖；變異
omentum/o??m?nt?m/
n. 網(wǎng)膜
wrap around
用...裹住卢鹦；環(huán)繞檐涝，抱住
e.g.
Lala wrapped a scarf tightly around her face.
downside/?da?nsa?d/
n. 負面，缺點，缺陷
e.g.
The downside of living here is that it is expensive.
inflammation/??nfl??me??n/
n. 發(fā)炎谁榜，炎癥
coronary/?k??r?neri/
adj. 冠狀動脈的
enviable/?envi?bl/
adj. 令人羨慕的
e.g.
I envy her ability to talk to people she's never met before. (v.)
He is in the enviable position of having two job offers to choose from.
visceral/?v?s?r?l/
adj. 內(nèi)臟的幅聘；本能的，出自內(nèi)心的
e.g.
visceral love / hatred
the visceral nervous system
subcutaneous/?s?bkju?te?ni?s/
adj. 皮下的
拓展內(nèi)容
怎樣用英語委婉地描述一個人很“胖”
fat 這個單詞用來形容一個人的體型胖未免太過直接窃植，一不小心可能會冒犯到他人帝蒿。以下是一些實用且委婉的關(guān)于“胖”的英文表達。
stocky：這個單詞的英文釋義是“strong and wide”巷怜，專門用來形容男子矮壯敦實葛超。比如這個句子：He’s got the stocky build of a rugby player. 他有著橄欖球運動員般敦實強壯的體格。
big：這個詞通常用來形容大塊頭延塑，也可以含蓄地形容一個人很“胖”绣张。舉個例子加深記憶：Sophie didn’t use to be so big, did she? 蘇菲之前沒有那么胖的，是吧关带？
plump：如果要形容一個人有些“微胖”侥涵，就可以用 plump 這個詞，它表示“豐腴的宋雏，微胖的”芜飘。例如“一個矮個微胖的女人”，就是“a short, plump woman”磨总，“一張飽滿的面孔”嗦明，就是“a plump face”。
chubby：這個詞的用法和 plump 相近蚪燕，都可以表示“微胖的”娶牌。chubby 經(jīng)常被用來形容肉嘟嘟的小朋友，例如：Look at his lovely chubby cheeks! 快看看他可愛的小肉臉馆纳！
除此之外诗良，tubby，stout厕诡，buxom 和 obese 等單詞都有“胖”的含義累榜，在不同語境下用法不同营勤，希望大家在平時學(xué)習(xí)和生活中注意積累灵嫌。
