• 十六進制色值轉(zhuǎn)換成 UIColor
• 獲取顏色的 RGBA 值
• 使用 0 ~ 255 的色值初始化顏色
• 獲取 UIColor 的十六進制色值
• 生成隨機色

public extension UIColor {

    struct RGBA {
        var r: UInt8
        var g: UInt8
        var b: UInt8
        var a: UInt8
    }

    /// 將十六進制的字符串轉(zhuǎn)化為 `UInt32` 類型的數(shù)值, 能夠解析的最大值為 `0xFFFFFFFFFF` 超過此值返回 `UInt32.max`
    /// - Parameter hex: 十六進制字符串寇僧，如果字符串中包含非十六進制贸毕，那么只會將第一個非十六進制之前的十六進制轉(zhuǎn)化為 `UInt32`沪斟。如果第一個字符就是非十六進制的則會返回 `nil`
    /// - Returns: 轉(zhuǎn)換之后的 `UInt32` 類型的數(shù)值
    static func hexStringToUInt32(hex: String) -> UInt32? {
        let hexString = hex.replacingOccurrences(of: "#", with: "")
        let scanner = Scanner(string: hexString)
        var result: UInt64 = 0
        if scanner.scanHexInt64(&result) {
            return result > UInt32.max ? UInt32.max : UInt32(result)
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }

    /// 將 UInt32 的顏色值轉(zhuǎn)換成 RGBA
    /// - Parameter from: UInt32 類型的顏色值
    /// - Returns: RGBA
    static func getRGBA(from: UInt32) -> RGBA {
        func getbyte(_ value: UInt32) -> UInt8 {
            return UInt8(value & 0xFF)
        }
        let r = getbyte(from >> 24)
        let g = getbyte(from >> 16)
        let b = getbyte(from >> 8)
        let a = getbyte(from)
        return RGBA(r: r, g: g, b: b, a: a)
    }

    /// 獲取 UIColor 的 RGBA 值
    var rgba: RGBA? {
        let numberOfComponents = self.cgColor.numberOfComponents
        // 使用圖片創(chuàng)建的 Color（`UIColor(patternImage:)`） 的 numberOfComponents 數(shù)量為 1
        if numberOfComponents == 1 {
            return nil
        } else if numberOfComponents == 2 {
            guard let rgb = self.cgColor.components?[0],
                let a = self.cgColor.components?[1] else { return nil }
            return RGBA(r: UInt8(rgb * 255),
                        g: UInt8(rgb * 255),
                        b: UInt8(rgb * 255),
                        a: UInt8(a * 255))
        } else if numberOfComponents == 4 {
            guard let r = self.cgColor.components?[0],
                let g = self.cgColor.components?[1],
                let b = self.cgColor.components?[2],
                let a = self.cgColor.components?[3] else { return nil }
            return RGBA(r: UInt8(r * 255),
                        g: UInt8(g * 255),
                        b: UInt8(b * 255),
                        a: UInt8(a * 255))
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }

    /// 使用十六進制顏色值初始化 UIColor
    /// - Parameter hex: 十六進制顏色值
    convenience init?(hexColor: String) {
        var hex = hexColor.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).replacingOccurrences(of: "#", with: "")
        // 驗證色值的有效性
        let legalCharacter = hex.uppercased().map { String($0) }.filter { c -> Bool in
            let c1 = c > "9" && c < "A"
            let c2 = c < "0"
            let c3 = c > "F"
            return  c1 || c2 || c3
        }.count == 0

        guard legalCharacter else { return nil }
        if hex.count == 3 {
            hex = hex.map { String($0) }.map { $0 + $0 }.joined().appending("FF")
        } else if hex.count == 4 {
            hex = hex.map { String($0) }.map { $0 + $0 }.joined()
        } else if hex.count == 6 {
            hex = hex.appending("FF")
        } else if hex.count == 8 {
        } else {
            return nil
        }

        guard let colorValue = Self.hexStringToUInt32(hex: hex) else { return nil }
        let rgba = Self.getRGBA(from: colorValue)
        self.init(red: CGFloat(rgba.r) / 255,
                  green: CGFloat(rgba.g) / 255,
                  blue: CGFloat(rgba.b) / 255,
                  alpha: CGFloat(rgba.a) / 255)
    }

    /// 使用 RGBA 的 UInt8 數(shù)值初始化 UIColor
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - red: 紅色值
    ///   - green: 綠色值
    ///   - blue: 藍色值
    ///   - alpha: 透明度
    convenience init(red: UInt8, green: UInt8, blue: UInt8, alpha: UInt8) {
        self.init(red: CGFloat(red) / 255.0,
                  green: CGFloat(green) / 255.0,
                  blue: CGFloat(blue) / 255.0,
                  alpha: CGFloat(alpha) / 255.0)
    }

    /// 使用 RGB 的 UInt8 數(shù)值,以及 alpha 0~1 初始化 UIColor
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - red: 紅色值
    ///   - green: 綠色值
    ///   - blue: 藍色值
    ///   - alpha: 透明度 0~1
    convenience init(red: UInt8, green: UInt8, blue: UInt8, alpha: CGFloat) {
        self.init(red: CGFloat(red) / 255.0,
                  green: CGFloat(green) / 255.0,
                  blue: CGFloat(blue) / 255.0,
                  alpha: alpha)
    }

    /// 十六進制色值
    var hexValue: String? {
        guard let rgba = rgba else { return nil }
        return String(format: "%02X%02X%02X%02X", rgba.r,rgba.g,rgba.b,rgba.a)
    }

    /// 生成隨機色
    static var random: UIColor {
        let r = CGFloat.random(in: 0...1)
        let g = CGFloat.random(in: 0...1)
        let b = CGFloat.random(in: 0...1)
        let a = CGFloat.random(in: 0...1)
        return UIColor(red: r, green: g, blue: b, alpha: a)
    }
}