概況

• 如何獲得docker命令的幫助
• docker 的常用命令

Docker命令使用幫助

Docker Client
Docker 命令行參考手冊(cè)

Docker 管理命令

Docker Image 命令

Docker Container 命令

Docker Registry 命令

網(wǎng)絡(luò)和連通性命令
Docker 的network 一般為：null，host，bridge。Docker啟動(dòng)容器的時(shí)候嗡呼，默認(rèn)使用 bridge 網(wǎng)絡(luò)

共享數(shù)據(jù)卷命令

共享數(shù)據(jù)卷命令咪奖，主要作用是能夠讓不同的容器可以共享數(shù)據(jù)而克。默認(rèn)情況下笛厦，Docker為每個(gè)容器生成一個(gè)隨機(jī)名字的目錄來存放容器的數(shù)據(jù)，這樣就不能實(shí)現(xiàn)容器之間的共享蝶缀。使用 volume 命令，可以指定容器的數(shù)據(jù)目錄薄货，這樣就可以做到多個(gè)容器之間數(shù)據(jù)共享

常用命令

[root@localhost ~]# docker help
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
       docker [ --help | -v | --version ]

A self-sufficient runtime for containers.

Options:

  --config=~/.docker              Location of client config files
  -D, --debug                     Enable debug mode
  -H, --host=[]                   Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -h, --help                      Print usage
  -l, --log-level=info            Set the logging level
  --tls                           Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  --tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem    Trust certs signed only by this CA
  --tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem    Path to TLS certificate file
  --tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem      Path to TLS key file
  --tlsverify                     Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version                   Print version information and quit

Commands:
    attach    Attach to a running container
    build     Build an image from a Dockerfile
    commit    Create a new image from a container's changes
    cp        Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
    create    Create a new container
    diff      Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
    events    Get real time events from the server
    exec      Run a command in a running container
    export    Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
    history   Show the history of an image
    images    List images
    import    Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
    info      Display system-wide information
    inspect   Return low-level information on a container, image or task
    kill      Kill one or more running containers
    load      Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
    login     Log in to a Docker registry.
    logout    Log out from a Docker registry.
    logs      Fetch the logs of a container
    network   Manage Docker networks
    node      Manage Docker Swarm nodes
    pause     Pause all processes within one or more containers
    port      List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
    ps        List containers
    pull      Pull an image or a repository from a registry
    push      Push an image or a repository to a registry
    rename    Rename a container
    restart   Restart a container
    rm        Remove one or more containers
    rmi       Remove one or more images
    run       Run a command in a new container
    save      Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
    search    Search the Docker Hub for images
    service   Manage Docker services
    start     Start one or more stopped containers
    stats     Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
    stop      Stop one or more running containers
    swarm     Manage Docker Swarm
    tag       Tag an image into a repository
    top       Display the running processes of a container
    unpause   Unpause all processes within one or more containers
    update    Update configuration of one or more containers
    version   Show the Docker version information
    volume    Manage Docker volumes
    wait      Block until a container stops, then print its exit code

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:      1.12.2
 API version:  1.24
 Go version:   go1.6.3
 Git commit:   bb80604
 Built:
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:      1.12.2
 API version:  1.24
 Go version:   go1.6.3
 Git commit:   bb80604
 Built:
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Containers: 0
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 0
Images: 2
Server Version: 1.12.2
Storage Driver: devicemapper
 Pool Name: docker-253:0-67182400-pool
 Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
 Base Device Size: 10.74 GB
 Backing Filesystem: xfs
 Data file: /dev/loop0
 Metadata file: /dev/loop1
 Data Space Used: 472.6 MB
 Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
 Data Space Available: 17.06 GB
 Metadata Space Used: 1.184 MB
 Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
 Metadata Space Available: 2.146 GB
 Thin Pool Minimum Free Space: 10.74 GB
 Udev Sync Supported: true
 Deferred Removal Enabled: false
 Deferred Deletion Enabled: false
 Deferred Deleted Device Count: 0
 Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
 WARNING: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` to specify a custom block storage device.
 Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
 Library Version: 1.02.107-RHEL7 (2016-06-09)
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: null bridge overlay host
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Security Options: seccomp
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-327.36.2.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.522 GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: VFSO:QWR6:ICKT:QGXY:UQXT:5VKN:L6E3:7JBE:OBVO:SQFK:PU2V:IBMS
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8

實(shí)際示例流程：

1. 從默認(rèn)的倉庫拉取mysql鏡像
2. 從國內(nèi)第三方時(shí)速云拉取wordpress鏡像
3. 查看本地有哪些鏡像
4. 運(yùn)行mysql鏡像生成名字叫做mysql2的容器翁都，映射主機(jī)端口是13306，root密碼是123456
5. 查看本地創(chuàng)建了哪些容器
6. 交互方式進(jìn)入mysql2容器的shell環(huán)境菲驴，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫testdb

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull index.tenxcloud.com/huangqg/wordpress
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mysql                                   latest              eda6a4884645        2 days ago          383.4 MB
hello-world                             latest              c54a2cc56cbb        3 months ago        1.848 kB
index.tenxcloud.com/huangqg/wordpress   latest              88bc02275ad7        12 months ago       485.5 MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 13306:3306  --name mysql2 -v /opt/mydata/:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:latest
01ff7db79a2bba578f4cef7024cd1e02bfec1084478e7835a79aeed317278b03
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
01ff7db79a2b        mysql:latest        "docker-entrypoint.sh"   29 seconds ago      Up 27 seconds       0.0.0.0:13306->3306/tcp   mysql2
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql2 /bin/bash
root@01ff7db79a2b:/# mysql --version
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.16, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
root@01ff7db79a2b:/# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.16 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database testdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| testdb             |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

主機(jī)（Win10中文版）訪問虛擬機(jī)MySQL的 Docker 容器 mysql2
看到了 testdb 的存在

D:\>mysql -h 192.168.1.161 -P 13306 -uroot -p
Enter password: ******
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.16 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database testdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| testdb             |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)