So,it seems to me that desires to evolve are universal and so are symbiotic relationships that lead to the evolution of the whole to occur via the pursuit of individuals’ self-interests. However, what differentiates man from other species is man’s greater ability to learn. Because we can learn, we can evolve more and faster than other species.

想進(jìn)化是很正常的酿愧，追逐個(gè)人利益時(shí)沥潭，與社會的共生關(guān)系會推動整個(gè)社會進(jìn)化，這也是很普遍的嬉挡。人類與別的物種的不同之處在于人類善于學(xué)習(xí)钝鸽。我們會學(xué)習(xí)，所以我們比別的物種進(jìn)化得快棘伴。

I also believe that all things in nature have innate attributes that are both good and bad, with their goodness and their badness depending on what they are used for. For example, the thorns on a rose bush, the stinger on a bee, the aggressiveness of a lion, the timidity of a gazelle are all both good and bad, depending on their applications. Over time, nature evolves toward the right balance through the process of natural selection—e.g., an overly aggressive animal will die prematurely, as will an overly timid animal. However, because man has the ability to look at himself and direct his own change, individuals have the capacity to evolve.

所有事物都有其內(nèi)在的固有屬性寞埠，都有好與壞兩面屁置，這取決于用途焊夸。比方說玫瑰上的刺，蜜蜂身上的刺蓝角，獅子的攻擊性阱穗，小羚羊的怯弱，這些都既是好的也是不好的使鹅，取決于在什么地方應(yīng)用揪阶。攻擊性過強(qiáng)或太膽小的動物都可能還沒發(fā)育完全就死掉了。而人類有能力審視自己患朱，指導(dǎo)自身變化鲁僚，有能力進(jìn)行進(jìn)化。

Most of us are born with attributes that both help us and hurt us, depending on their applications, and the more extreme the attribute, the more extreme the potential good and bad outcomes these attributes are likely to produce. For example, highly creative, goal- oriented people who are good at imagining the big picture often can easily get tripped up on the details of daily life, while highly pragmatic, task-oriented people who are great with the details might not be creative. That is because the ways their minds work make it difficult for them to see both ways of thinking. In nature everything was made for a purpose, and so too were these different ways of thinking. They just have different purposes. It is extremely important to one’s happiness and success to know oneself—most importantly to understand one’s own values and abilities—and then to find the right fits. We all have things that we value that we want and we all have strengths and weaknesses that affect our paths for getting them.The most important quality that differentiates successful people from unsuccessful people is our capacity to learn and adapt to these things.

我們大多數(shù)人生來具備的特質(zhì)裁厅，即可能會幫助我們冰沙，也可能傷害到我們，根據(jù)用途而有別执虹。程度越極端拓挥，特質(zhì)帶來的積極或消極影響就相對應(yīng)越大。例如袋励，創(chuàng)造力很強(qiáng)侥啤、目標(biāo)很清晰，善于把握大局的人可能就會在生活細(xì)節(jié)上吃虧茬故。而重實(shí)務(wù)盖灸、關(guān)注具體任務(wù)、能完美處理細(xì)節(jié)的人可能不怎么有創(chuàng)造力磺芭。因?yàn)槲覀兯季S的特性糠雨，很難兩者兼顧。事事都存之有理徘跪，不同的思維方式也存之有理甘邀，因?yàn)橐?wù)于不同的結(jié)果目的琅攘，這對于個(gè)人幸福感和自身了解極為重要，對于理解自身價(jià)值和能力最重要松邪，這樣才能進(jìn)一步找到合適的定位坞琴。人人都有珍視之物，都有渴望之事逗抑，都有影響我們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)剧辐。區(qū)分成功人士與平庸之輩最重要的品質(zhì)就是學(xué)習(xí)能力和適應(yīng)能力。

Unlike any other species, man is capable of reflecting on himself and the things around him to learn and adapt in order to improve. He has this capability because, in the evolution of species man’s brain developed a part that no other species has—the prefrontal cortex. It is the part of the human brain that gives us the ability to reflect and conduct other cognitive thinking. Because of this, people who can objectively reflect on themselves and others —most importantly on their weaknesses are—can figure out how to get around these weaknesses, can evolve fastest and come closer to realizing their potentials than those who can’t.

和別的物種不同邮府，人類能夠進(jìn)行自身反思荧关，對周遭事物展開思考，進(jìn)而獲得學(xué)習(xí)與提高褂傀。人類擁有這些能力是因?yàn)樵谶M(jìn)化過程中大腦形成了前額葉皮層忍啤，這是別的生物所沒有的。它使得人類具備自省仙辟、開展其他認(rèn)知思維的能力同波。鑒于此，人類能客觀地反思自己和別人叠国，最重要的是反思自身的缺點(diǎn)未檩，指出解決這些缺點(diǎn)的辦法，能最快進(jìn)化粟焊、開發(fā)潛能冤狡。

However, typically defensive, emotional reactions—i.e., ego barriers—stand in the way of this progress. These reactions take place in the part of the brain called the amygdala. As a result of them, most people don’t like reflecting on their weaknesses even though recognizing them is an essential step toward preventing them from causing them problems. Most people especially dislike others exploring their weaknesses because it makes them feel attacked, which produces fight or flight reactions; however, having others help one find one’s weaknesses is essential because it’s very difficult to identify one’s own. Most people don’t like helping others explore their weaknesses, even though they are willing to talk about them behind their backs. For these reasons most people don’t do a good job of understanding themselves and adapting in order to get what they want most out of life. In my opinion, that is the biggest single problem of mankind because it, more than anything else, impedes people’s abilities to address all other problems and it is probably the greatest source of pain for most people.

然而某些抵抗性的情緒反應(yīng)，如自我設(shè)障项棠，阻礙著我們進(jìn)步的過程悲雳。這些情緒由大腦內(nèi)杏仁體掌管。鑒于這種反應(yīng)的存在沾乘，大多數(shù)人都不愛反省自身缺點(diǎn)怜奖，即便他們都知道反省缺點(diǎn)是避免出現(xiàn)問題的重要一步。大家尤其討厭別人挖掘自己的缺點(diǎn)翅阵，令人深感冒犯歪玲，可能給予戰(zhàn)斗還是逃跑的反應(yīng)。其實(shí)有人指出自己的缺點(diǎn)很重要掷匠，因?yàn)樽约汉茈y發(fā)現(xiàn)自身缺點(diǎn)滥崩。大多數(shù)人都不喜歡指出別人的缺點(diǎn)，不過背地里倒是挺愿意討論別人的缺點(diǎn)讹语。所以蕓蕓眾生钙皮，真正了解自己的人甚少，也就無法適應(yīng)環(huán)境、實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想了短条。我認(rèn)為导匣，這是人類面臨最簡單卻最大的問題，深深阻礙著人們解決問題的能力茸时，也是大多數(shù)人感到痛苦的根源贡定。

Some people get over the ego barrier and others don’t. Which path they choose, more than anything else, determines how good their outcomes are. Aristotle defined tragedy as a bad outcome for a person because of a fatal flaw that he can’t get around. So it is tragic when people let ego barriers lead them to experience bad outcomes.

有人能克服自我設(shè)障這種情緒反應(yīng)，但并非全部可都。選什么路缓待，就會走向何種結(jié)果。亞里士多德認(rèn)為悲劇是人類無法克服致命弱點(diǎn)而帶來的不好結(jié)果渠牲。如果人們被自我設(shè)障這種情緒牽著鼻子走旋炒，碰了一鼻子灰，就是悲劇签杈。

The Personal Evolutionary Process

個(gè)人成長過程

As I mentioned before, I believe that life consists of an enormous number of choices that come at us and that each decision we make has consequences, sothe quality of our lives depends on the quality ofthe decisions we make.

我提過瘫镇，人生由大量選擇構(gòu)成，我們要依次做出抉擇芹壕，得到結(jié)果汇四，所以生活質(zhì)量取決于我們所作抉擇的質(zhì)量接奈。

We aren’t born with the ability to make good decisions; we learn it.We all start off as children with others, typically parents, directing us. But, as we get older, we increasingly make our own choices. We choose what we are going after (i.e., our goals), which influences our directions. For example, if you want to be a doctor, you go to med school; if you want to have a family, you find a mate; and so on. As we move toward our goals, we encounter problems, make mistakes, and run into personal weaknesses. Above all else, how we choose to approach these impediments determines how fast we move toward our goals.

我們不是天生就會做出明智的決策踢涌，是通過學(xué)習(xí)才擁有這種能力的。我們從小都是和大人一起成長序宦，尤其是父母睁壁，他們指導(dǎo)我們的生活，但日漸長大后我們就要靠自己做選擇了互捌。我們選擇追尋什么樣的目標(biāo)影響著我們成長的方向潘明。例如，你想成為一名醫(yī)生秕噪，就會攻讀醫(yī)學(xué)院校钳降，你想組建家庭，就會先找到伴侶腌巾，諸如此類遂填。實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的征途中，我們遇到困難澈蝙，犯錯(cuò)吓坚，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點(diǎn)。選擇何種方式應(yīng)對這些困難灯荧，決定著我們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的速度礁击。

Of course it is true that people are born with differences in their various innate abilities. However, judgment is primarily learned. Of course it is true that people are born with differences in their various innate abilities. However, judgment is primarily learned.

當(dāng)然，人們各種與生俱來的能力都確實(shí)存在差異，但判斷力基本是靠學(xué)習(xí)獲得的哆窿。當(dāng)然链烈，人們各種與生俱來的能力都確實(shí)存在差異，但判斷力基本是靠學(xué)習(xí)獲得的挚躯。