Mongodb下載
MongoDB的官網(wǎng)是:http://www.mongodb.org/
或者http://dl.mongodb.org/dl/win32/x86_64
Mongodb安裝及報錯解決方式
下載的安裝包解壓至某個路徑即可轨帜。
mongo啟動方式:進(jìn)入mongodb壓縮包下bin目錄,執(zhí)行輸入mongo啟動著拭。如圖:
image.png
mongo啟動報錯解決方式:如果啟動報錯如下:
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
2019-07-18T15:02:35.529+0800 E QUERY [js] Error: couldn't connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017, connection attempt failed: SocketException: Error connecting to 127.0.0.1:27017 :: caused by :: :
connect@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:342:17
解決方式:
-
在mongodb目錄下創(chuàng)建\data\db ,\data\log 兩個文件夾
linux命令:mkdir -p data/db data/log
image-20200711152933073.png
2.進(jìn)入bin目錄執(zhí)行mongod命令朵耕,上面兩個文件夾進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)。(如果要關(guān)聯(lián)log文件夾,則用--logpath屬性.)
image-20200711153054952.png
3厚脉、再執(zhí)行mongo命令羊苟,即可看到正常啟動.
image-20200711153328326.png
訪問:http://127.0.0.1:27017
如果頁面出現(xiàn):It looks like you are trying to access MongoDB over HTTP on the native driver port.則表示正常啟動
基本語法
> show databases
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
> use admin
switched to db admin
> use test --使用不存在的數(shù)據(jù)庫時腹备,mongodb會隱式創(chuàng)建
switched to db test
> show databases
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
test 0.000GB
> show collections --查看集合
>
> db.createCollection('c1') --創(chuàng)建簡單集合
{ "ok" : 1 }
> db.createCollection('c2')
{ "ok" : 1 }
> show collections
c1
c2
> db.c1.drop() --刪除集合
true
> show collections
c2
數(shù)據(jù)的增刪改查
--單條插入
> db.c2.insert({name:"testname",age:"18"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) --注意:1.插入json格式數(shù)據(jù),這里的c2集合如果不存在,也會隱式創(chuàng)建;2.json數(shù)據(jù)key不加引號,雖然find查看時會有引號.3.會生成一個唯一的_id
> db.c2.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f09717da7232afeccfee489"), "name" : "testname", "age" : "18" }
--多條插入
> db.c2.insert([{name:"lisi",age:"2"},{name:"zhangs",age:"3"},{name:"wangwu",age:"20"}]) --利用數(shù)組一次插入多條數(shù)據(jù)
BulkWriteResult({
"writeErrors" : [ ],
"writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
"nInserted" : 3,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nMatched" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"nRemoved" : 0,
"upserted" : [ ]
})
> db.c2.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f09717da7232afeccfee489"), "name" : "testname", "age" : "18" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0973a1a7232afeccfee48a"), "name" : "lisi", "age" : "2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0973a1a7232afeccfee48b"), "name" : "zhangs", "age" : "3" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0973a1a7232afeccfee48c"), "name" : "wangwu", "age" : "20" }
--mongo支持簡單的js語法,一次插入多條數(shù)據(jù)
> for(var i = 1;i <= 10;i++){print(i)}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
>> for(var i = 1;i <= 10;i++){ db.c3.insert({name:"a"+i,age:i})}
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) --執(zhí)行返回結(jié)果1是因為for循環(huán)是逐條插入回右,前面的提示看不到隆圆。
> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48d"), "name" : "a1", "age" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48e"), "name" : "a2", "age" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48f"), "name" : "a3", "age" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee490"), "name" : "a4", "age" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee491"), "name" : "a5", "age" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee492"), "name" : "a6", "age" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee493"), "name" : "a7", "age" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee494"), "name" : "a8", "age" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee495"), "name" : "a9", "age" : 9 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee496"), "name" : "a10", "age" : 10 }
查詢
基礎(chǔ)語法:db.集合名.find(條件 [,查詢的列])
等值查詢
> db.c3.find({age:3})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48f"), "name" : "a3", "age" : 3 }
--運算符查詢 --$gt 大于
$gte 大于等于
$lt 小于
$lte 小于等于
$ne 不等于
$in in
$nin not in
> db.c3.find({age:{$gt:3}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee490"), "name" : "a4", "age" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee491"), "name" : "a5", "age" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee492"), "name" : "a6", "age" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee493"), "name" : "a7", "age" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee494"), "name" : "a8", "age" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee495"), "name" : "a9", "age" : 9 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee496"), "name" : "a10", "age" : 10 }
> db.c3.find({age:{$in:[5,8,10]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee491"), "name" : "a5", "age" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee494"), "name" : "a8", "age" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee496"), "name" : "a10", "age" : 10 }
--{age:1} 查詢結(jié)果只顯示該字段,{age:0}顯示除了該字段的其他字段
> db.c3.find({age:1},{age:0})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48d"), "name" : "a1" }
> db.c3.find({age:1},{age:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48d"), "age" : 1 }
> db.c3.find().pretty() --格式化語句
--轉(zhuǎn)換格式NumberInt
> db.c3.find({age:{$gt:NumberInt(8)}})
-- $and用法
> db.c3.find({$and:[{age:8},{name:"a10"}]})
--$or用法
> db.c3.find({$or:[{age:8},{name:"a10"}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee494"), "name" : "a8", "age" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee496"), "name" : "a10", "age" : 10 }
更新
基礎(chǔ)語法:db.集合名.update(條件,新數(shù)據(jù)[,是否新增,是否修改多條])
通過修改器放置值的替換而不是我們需要的修改值
db.集合名.update(條件,新數(shù)據(jù))改為
db.集合名.update(條件,{修改器:{鍵:值}})
修改器有:$inc 遞增
$rename 重命名列
$set 修改列值
$unset 刪除列
> db.c3.update({name:"a3"},{$set:{name:"a33"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48d"), "name" : "a1", "age" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48e"), "name" : "a2", "age" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48f"), "name" : "a33", "age" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee490"), "name" : "a4", "age" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee491"), "name" : "a5", "age" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee492"), "name" : "a6", "age" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee493"), "name" : "a7", "age" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee494"), "name" : "a8", "age" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee495"), "name" : "a9", "age" : 9 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee496"), "name" : "a10", "age" : 10 }
一次修改多個值或?qū)傩?> db.c4.insert({name:"渣渣1",age:"18",who:"男",other:"other"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.c4.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0981b8a7232afeccfee497"), "name" : "渣渣1", "age" : "18", "who" : "男", "other" : "other" }
> db.c4.update({name:"渣渣1"},{$set:{name:"渣渣66"},$rename:{who:"set"},$unset:{other:true}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.c4.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0981b8a7232afeccfee497"), "name" : "渣渣66", "age" : "18", "set" : "男" }
--刪除
基本語法:db.集合名.remove(條件 [,是否刪除一條])
注意:是否刪除一條true是翔烁,false否-默認(rèn)刪除多條
> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48d"), "name" : "a1", "age" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48e"), "name" : "a2", "age" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48f"), "name" : "a33", "age" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee490"), "name" : "a4", "age" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee491"), "name" : "a5", "age" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee492"), "name" : "a6", "age" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee493"), "name" : "a7", "age" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee494"), "name" : "a8", "age" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee495"), "name" : "a9", "age" : 9 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee496"), "name" : "a10", "age" : 10 }
> db.c3.remove({age:9})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })
> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48d"), "name" : "a1", "age" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48e"), "name" : "a2", "age" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48f"), "name" : "a33", "age" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee490"), "name" : "a4", "age" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee491"), "name" : "a5", "age" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee492"), "name" : "a6", "age" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee493"), "name" : "a7", "age" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee494"), "name" : "a8", "age" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee496"), "name" : "a10", "age" : 10 }
排序
基本語法:db.集合名.find().sort(JSON數(shù)據(jù))
1升序 -1降序
> db.c3.find().sort({age:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48d"), "name" : "a1", "age" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48e"), "name" : "a2", "age" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48f"), "name" : "a33", "age" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee490"), "name" : "a4", "age" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee491"), "name" : "a5", "age" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee492"), "name" : "a6", "age" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee493"), "name" : "a7", "age" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee494"), "name" : "a8", "age" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee496"), "name" : "a10", "age" : 10 }
> db.c3.find().sort({age:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee496"), "name" : "a10", "age" : 10 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee494"), "name" : "a8", "age" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee493"), "name" : "a7", "age" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee492"), "name" : "a6", "age" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee491"), "name" : "a5", "age" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee490"), "name" : "a4", "age" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48f"), "name" : "a33", "age" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48e"), "name" : "a2", "age" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee48d"), "name" : "a1", "age" : 1 }
分頁查詢
limit與skip方法
基本語法:db.集合名.find().sort().skip(數(shù)字).limit(數(shù)字)
> db.c3.find().sort({age:-1}).limit(2)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee496"), "name" : "a10", "age" : 10 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee494"), "name" : "a8", "age" : 8 }
> db.c3.find().sort({age:-1}).skip(2).limit(2)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee493"), "name" : "a7", "age" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f0974f2a7232afeccfee492"), "name" : "a6", "age" : 6 }
>
簡單的聚合查詢
基本語法:db.集合名.aggregate([{管道:{表達(dá)式}}])
常用管道:
$group 分組用于統(tǒng)計結(jié)果
$match 過濾數(shù)據(jù)
$sort 聚合數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步排序
$skip 跳過指定文檔數(shù)
$limit 限制集合數(shù)據(jù)返回文檔數(shù)
...
常用表達(dá)式
$sum 綜合 $sum:1同count表示統(tǒng)計
$avg 平均
$min 最小值
$max 最大值
...
db.c4.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f099afda7232afeccfee498"), "name" : "testname1", "age" : 1, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f099afda7232afeccfee499"), "name" : "testname2", "age" : 2, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f099afda7232afeccfee49a"), "name" : "testname3", "age" : 3, "sex" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f099afda7232afeccfee49b"), "name" : "testname4", "age" : 4, "sex" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f099affa7232afeccfee49c"), "name" : "testname5", "age" : 5, "sex" : 2 }
--統(tǒng)計1/2分別對應(yīng)的總age
> db.c4.aggregate([{$group:{_id: "$sex",rs:{$sum: "$age"}}}]) --rs是自定義的結(jié)果列的名稱,_id是固定寫法
{ "_id" : 2, "rs" : 12 }
{ "_id" : 1, "rs" : 3 }
--統(tǒng)計1/2對應(yīng)的個數(shù)
> db.c4.aggregate([{$group:{_id: "$sex",rs:{$sum: 1}}}]) --區(qū)分并統(tǒng)計總數(shù)
{ "_id" : 2, "rs" : 3 }
{ "_id" : 1, "rs" : 2 }
--統(tǒng)計總數(shù)渺氧,平均年齡
> db.c4.aggregate([{$group:{_id: null,total_num:{$sum:1},total_avg:{$avg:"$age"}}}])
{ "_id" : null, "total_num" : 5, "total_avg" : 3 }
--查詢1/2的count數(shù)量,按量升序
> db.c4.aggregate([{$group:{_id: "$sex",rs:{$sum: 1}}},{$sort:{rs:1}}])
{ "_id" : 1, "rs" : 2 }
{ "_id" : 2, "rs" : 3 }
> db.c4.aggregate([{$group:{_id: "$sex",rs:{$sum: 1}}},{$sort:{rs:-1}}])
{ "_id" : 2, "rs" : 3 }
{ "_id" : 1, "rs" : 2 }
字段加索引:
--指定name字段加索引(1代表升序,-1代表降序)
> db.c3.createIndex({name:1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1
}
--查看集合所有索引,key表示給哪個列設(shè)置了索引,name表示索引名稱
> db.c3.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "test.c3"
},
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"name" : "name_1",
"ns" : "test.c3"
}
]
>
--創(chuàng)建索引并給新索引命名
> db.c3.createIndex({name:1},{name:"saltindex"})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1
}
> db.c3.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "test.c3"
},
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"name" : "saltindex",
"ns" : "test.c3"
}
]
>
--刪除索引
> db.c3.dropIndex("name_1")
{ "nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }
> db.c3.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "test.c3"
}
]
--創(chuàng)建組合索引
> db.c3.createIndex({name:1,age:1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 2,
"numIndexesAfter" : 3,
"ok" : 1
}
--創(chuàng)建唯一性索引
> db.c3.createIndex({name:1},{unique:"name"})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1
}
> db.c3.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "test.c3"
},
{
"v" : 2,
"unique" : true,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"name" : "name_1",
"ns" : "test.c3"
}
]
>
--查詢查看執(zhí)行計劃
> db.c3.find({age:8}).explain("executionStats")
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "test.c3",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
"age" : {
"$eq" : 8
}
},
"winningPlan" : {
"stage" : "COLLSCAN",
"filter" : {
"age" : {
"$eq" : 8
}
},
"direction" : "forward"
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"executionStats" : {
"executionSuccess" : true,
"nReturned" : 1,
"executionTimeMillis" : 0,
"totalKeysExamined" : 0,
"totalDocsExamined" : 9,
"executionStages" : {
"stage" : "COLLSCAN", --COLLSCAN 全表掃描;IXSCAN 索引掃描租漂;FETCH 根據(jù)索引去檢索指定document
"filter" : {
"age" : {
"$eq" : 8
}
},
"nReturned" : 1,
"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
"works" : 11,
"advanced" : 1,
"needTime" : 9,
"needYield" : 0,
"saveState" : 0,
"restoreState" : 0,
"isEOF" : 1,
"direction" : "forward",
"docsExamined" : 9
}
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "ruanfengdeMBP.lan",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.2.8",
"gitVersion" : "43d25964249164d76d5e04dd6cf38f6111e21f5f"
},
"ok" : 1
}
>
常用命令小結(jié):
image.png