????THE first time that Ronald Reaganappeared ona newspaper front page was as a teenage lifeguard, hailed for saving a drowning man from a fast-flowing river. The future president was not yet “Ronnie”, America’s reassuring, twinkling, optimist-in chief. He was still “Dutch”, to use his childhood nickname: a slim,bespectacledyouth, serious to the point of priggishness. A biographer, Garry Wills, unearthed a high school year book in which Reagan scolded swimmers he pulled from the cool,treacherousRock River, near his boyhood home of Dixon, Illinois. “A big hippopotamus with a sandwich in each hand, and some firewater tanked away,” Reagan wrote of one. Each summer from 1927 to 1932 the teenager would rise early to collect a 300lb block of ice and hamburger supplies before driving in his employer’s van to the river, working12 hours a day, seven days a week. The post offered responsibility, money for college and stability in a childhoodblightedby frequent moves, brushes with financial ruin and his father’s drinking. There was glory, too: in all he saved 77 lives. A picture of the Rock River hung in Reagan’s Oval Office.
1） appear on 英 [??pi? ?n] ? 美 [??p?r ɑn] ?在…出現(xiàn);表演
The?leading?player?is?ill.?Let?his?understudy?to?appear?on?the?scene.
主角演員病了憎乙，讓他的替角出場扒俯。
2） bespectacled 英 [b??spekt?kld] ? 美 [b??sp?kt?k?ld] ?adj.戴眼鏡的
Mr?Merrick?was?a?slim,?quiet,?bespectacled?man.
梅里克先生瘦瘦的，不怎么說話，戴著副眼鏡奠蹬。
3） treacherous 英 [?tret??r?s] ? 美 [?tr?t??r?s] ?adj.奸詐的;騙人的;不忠的;不可信的 adv.背信棄義地
n.背信棄義叹誉，背叛
He?publicly?left?the?party?and?denounced?its?treacherous?leaders
他公開脫離該黨弱贼，并譴責(zé)該黨領(lǐng)袖背信棄義融求。
4) blighted 英 [b'la?t?d] ? 美 [b'la?t?d] ?adj.毀滅的 v.使凋萎( blight的過去式);使頹喪;損害;妨害
An?embarrassing?blunder?nearly?blighted?his?career?before?it?got?off?the?ground.
一個令人難堪的疏忽幾乎毀掉了他還沒有起步的事業(yè)。?
???Strikinglyoften, self-made Americans have stories to share about teenage jobs, involving alarm clocks clanging before dawn, aching muscles, stern bosses and soul-fortifying hours of boredom. In 1978, a record year in the annals of the Bureau of Labour Statistics, 72% of all teenagers were employed in July, the peak month for youthful ice-cream scooping, shelf-stacking and burger-flipping. But for two decades the traditional summer job has been in decline, with 43% of teens working in July 2016.
1) strikingly 英 ['stra?k??l?] ? 美 ['stra?k??l?] ?adv.醒目地沮峡，引人側(cè)目地;斐然可觀
And?this?is?strikingly?true?this?time?around.
這次是真的了疚脐。?
???Lexington decided tohead toDixon to ask why. This being an anxious andlitigiousage, Reagan’s river beach is closed now. But the YMCA that trained him in lifesaving (and where he paraded as a drum major) still hires lifeguards. This summer finds one of them, Lexi Nelson, 18, between high school and community college, where she will study dental hygiene. Perhaps a quarter of her friends are working this season. The rest have mixed views of her job, which can start at five in the morning. “When I get up early theybash onit,” Miss Nelson reports, “but most of the time they’re jealous of the money.” Lifeguarding in an indoor pool is not the most exciting job, sheconcedes, but that teaches patience.
1) head to 英 [hed tu:] ? 美 [h?d tu] ?引至，通到;<非正>引出結(jié)果
He?was?dressed?in?white?from?head?to?toe.
他從頭到腳穿了一身白色邢疙。
2) litigious 英 [l??t?d??s] ? 美 [l??t?d??s] ?dj.好打官司的;好爭論的
Brazil?is?not?a?litigious?society.
巴西并非一個好打官司的社會棍弄。
3) bash on 英 [b?? ?n] ? 美 [b?? ɑn] ?不屈不撓地繼續(xù)
4) concedes v.承認(rèn)( concede的第三人稱單數(shù) );出讓，容許;承認(rèn)(比賽疟游、選舉等失敗
But,?he?also?concedes,?it?comes?with?a?price.
但是呼畸，他也承認(rèn)，為此他付出了一些代價乡摹。?
???The story of the vanishing job is not a simple one. Ask teenagers, their employers and the mayor ofDixon—a business-owner who hires teenagers each summer ata pair ofsandwich shops and a frozen yogurt store—and they point to two main causes: well-meaning adults and a changing economy.
1) a pair of 英 [? p?? ?v] ? 美 [e p?r ?v] ?一雙
He?put?on?a?pair?of?short?pants?and?an?undershirt.
他穿上了一條短褲和一件汗衫役耕。?
???Reagan’sstirringexample is still taught in Dixon, a trim, conservative town, with an equestrian statue of the president on its river front and loudspeakers on lamp-posts that play the Carpenters and other easy-listening classics. But many parents discourage teens from working, it is widely agreed. Parents instead tell their children to study, take summer courses, volunteer or practise for sports that might help them compete for college places.
1) stirring 英 [?st?:r??] ? 美 [?st?:r??] ?adj.激動人心的;鼓舞人心的;令人激情澎湃的 v.激起（stir的ing形式） n.萌動;出現(xiàn);醞釀 ;開始
The?Prime?Minister?made?a?stirring?speech
首相發(fā)表了一篇鼓舞人心的演講采转。
???Local keepers of the Reagan flame see a town stillfilled withopportunities for self-advancement. Patrick Gorman, director of the Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home, a museum that preserves a house rented by the president’s family in Dixon, is confident that anyone who wants a job can find one, even if it might be “detasseling” corn—picking pollen tassels from growing corn cobs, anarduoussummer task traditionally reserved for the young, involving cold mornings, baking middays and scratches from corn leaves. MrGorman easily found six teenagers to volunteer as museum guides: “Good kids migrate to good kids,” he beams.
1) fill with 英 [fil wie] ? 美 [f?l w?e] ?（使）充[擠]滿;使?jié)M懷（某種情感等）
The?Dutch?developed?a?custom?by?which?children?put?out?shoes?which?Saint?Nicholas?would?fill?with?gifts?when?he?came?visiting.
荷蘭人有一套自己的風(fēng)俗，孩子們會將鞋子放在外面故慈，圣誕老人到來時便會在里面裝滿禮品板熊。
2) arduous 英 [?ɑ:dju?s] ? 美 [?ɑ:rd?u?s] ? adj.艱巨的;努力的;難克服的;陡峭的
The?task?was?more?arduous?than?he?had?calculated.
這項任務(wù)比他所估計的要艱巨得多?
???Not all teenagers have the same needs. The three lifeguards interviewed at the YMCA are either college-bound or plan to be, and part-time work suits them. Bosses at the “Y” note that youngsters with only a high-school education typically have a different goal: landing a full-time job with health insurance and benefits.?
???Liandro Arellano Jr., Dixon’s mayor, argues that teenage job prospects have been complicated by well-intentioned politicians raising the state-wide minimum wage to $8.25 an hour. For that pay it is both tempting and possible to hire college students or older workers with a proven job record, references and the ability to turn up on time, says Mr Arellano, a Republican. The youngest workers, below 18, earn $7.75 but need more training, and those aged 15 need work permits and cannot touch slicers or big bread knives. Larger economic forces have buffeted Dixon, too. After thecredit crunchof 2008, a flood oflaid-offfactory workers and experienced adults wanted to work for Mr Arellano. With unemployment rates now below 5% in Dixon, applicants for entry-level jobs are getting younger again. Teenagers can be fine summer helpers, he says—“They’re very excited about their first job”—though keeping them off smartphones is “a constant battle”.
1) credit crunch 英 [?kredit kr?nt?] ? 美 [?kr?d?t kr?nt?] ?信用恐慌
The?industry?suffered?particularly?badly?in?the?credit?crunch.
清潔能源工業(yè)在信用緊縮中受害尤甚。
2) laid-off ?['le?d?f] ? 美 ['le?d?f] ?adj.被解雇的
This?in?turn?relieves?the?problem?of?laid-off?workers?in?the?city.
這又緩解了北京的下崗工人問題察绷。?
???Buy that teenager an alarm clock?
???Nationwide, affluent white teenagers have historically been much more likely to take summer jobs than lower-income, nonwhite youths. Family connections help, and it is easier to find work at a golf course or tennis club than amid inner-city blight. Though big cities like Chicago, 100 miles from Dixon, have government-run schemes thatprodemployers to offer summer work, demand exceeds supply: last year 77,000 Chicago youths applied for 31,000 summer jobs or internships. For all that, some of Mr Arellano’s worst staff have been youngsters who do not need the money or want a job reference: they are the ones who quit without warning to go on a family holiday.Well-offparents are not always “super-supportive”, he sighs.
1) prod 英 [pr?d] ? 美 [prɑ:d] ?n.刺針干签，刺棒;刺激，激勵 vt. 刺激;捅;促使…行動;（用手指或尖物）戳
He?prodded?Murray?with?the?shotgun
他用獵槍捅了捅默里拆撼。
2) well-off 英 ['wel'?:f] ? 美 [?w?l??f] ?adj.順利的容劳，有利的;走運的喘沿，幸運的;手頭寬裕的，富有的;豐富的竭贩，繁榮昌盛的
I?am?well-off?for?winter?clothing.
我的冬衣很充裕蚜印。
短語：well-off society 英 [?wel??:f s??sai?ti] ? 美 [?w?l??f s??sa??ti] ?小康社會
Building?the?well-off?society?will?put?forward?the?new?demand?to?human?capacity?building?in?an?all-round?way.
全面建設(shè)小康社會對人力資源能力建設(shè)提出了新要求。?
???Some parents may question the value of manual work in an age of high-tech change. But an elite educationcounts forlittle without self-discipline and resilience. Drudgery can teach humility: when hauling boxes, a brain full of algebra matters less than a teen’s muscles. At best, it canbreachthe social barriers that harm democracy. Summer jobs are called all-American for a reason.
1） count for 英 [kaunt f?:] ? 美 [ka?nt f?r] ?有價值留量，有重要性
When?I?first?came?to?college?I?realised?that?brainpower?didn't?count?for?much
當(dāng)我初上大學(xué)的時候窄赋，我認(rèn)識到智力并不太重要。
短語：count for much 英 [kaunt f?: m?t?] ? 美 [ka?nt f?r m?t?] ?v.關(guān)系重大
When?I?first?came?to?college?I?realised?that?brainpower?didn't?count?for?much
當(dāng)我初上大學(xué)的時候楼熄，我認(rèn)識到智力并不太重要忆绰。
2） breach 英 [bri:t?] ? 美 [brit?] ?n.違背;破壞;缺口;破裂 vt. 攻破;破壞，違反
The?newspaper?breached?the?code?of?conduct?on?privacy
該報違反了保護(hù)隱私的行為準(zhǔn)則可岂。
短語：breach of contract ?[bri:t? ?v k?n?tr?kt] ? 美 [brit? ?v ?kɑn?tr?kt] ?違約错敢，違反合同
It's?clearly?a?breach?of?contract.
這顯然是違反了合同。
breach of faith 英 [bri:t? ?v feiθ] ? 美 [brit? ?v feθ] ?違約缕粹，違背諾言（尤指不履行婚約）
For?instance,?would?it?be?a?breach?of?faith?
譬如伐债，這樣是不是算不忠實呢？
breach of statutory duty 英 [bri:t? ?v ?st?tjut?ri ?dju:ti] ?美 [brit? ?v ?st?t???t?ri ?duti] ?[法] 違反法定職責(zé)
The?defendant?is?in?breach?of?his?statutory?duty.
被告未履行他的法定義務(wù)致开。?
?
