Unit 1

doff

vt

• The peasants(農(nóng)民) doff their hats.
• They doffed their coats when they came inside.
• He doffed his cap as he introduced himself.

dogged

adj

• Her dogged efforts eventually paid off.
• They have, through sheer dogged determination, slowly gained respect for their efforts.
• Her dogged efforts eventually paid off.

dogmatic

adj

• She's become so dogmatic lately that arguing with her is pointless.
• a critic's dogmatic insistence that abstract expressionism is the only school of 20th century art worthy of serious study

doldrums

n

• He's been in the doldrums ever since she left him.
• Despite these measures, the economy remains in the doldrums.

dolorous

adj

• So, in the here, I hope all dolorous things are past, all happy things around you every day!
• If you are sad at the moment, even it was happy in your mind , but you are dolorous.
• Missing you is the beautiful dolorous disconsolate(惆悵), in the heart, but it is the warm without any words.

dolt

n

• That Jane is such a dolt. She left her cellphone in a taxi.
• You can fight all day, but want dolt thinks he can beat God?

domicile

vt

• The university domiciles students in a variety of buildings in and around its urban campus.
• There is no dispute that Ford is a citizen of Florida and is domiciled there.

dominant

1. adj

• The firm has achieved a dominant position in the world market.
• a change which would maintain his party's dominant position in Scotland

2. adj
   the dominant gene

don

vt

• He donned his jacket and went out.
• He donned his cloak and gloves.

donor

n

• She is one of the charity's main donors.
• The heart transplant will take place as soon as a suitable donor can be found.

Unit 2

doodle

1. vi
   She doodled in her notebook instead of taking notes.
2. vi
   I plan to spend the entire vacation just doodling.

dormant

adj

• the long dormant volcano of Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980
• During the winter the seeds lie dormant in the soil.
• a large contingent of dormant processes can affect system performance

dour

adj

• a dour expression on her face
• At sunrise, Lam was questioned by a tall, dour man named Shi.

douse

vt

• The pumps were started and the crew began to douse the fire with water.
• douse the lights / blaze

downplay

vt

• Police sources yesterday downplayed the significance of the security breach.
• He self-deprecatingly downplays his own contributions to the festival's success.
• Athletes often downplay their injuries.

doom

v

• The plan was doomed to failure.
• That argument was the turning point for their marriage, and the one which doomed it to failure.
• He had always felt that he was doomed to remain single forever

doyen

n

• He is considered the doyen of political journalists.
• He was considered the doyen of American art critics.
• Arthur C Clarke is the doyen of science-fiction writers.

doze

vi / n

• She dozed off in front of the fire.
• We couldn't help but doze off during his lecture.
• I had a doze on the train.

draconian

adj

• The editorial criticizes the draconian measures being taken to control the spread of the disease.
• Western powers piled on increasingly draconian sanctions to force Iran to back down.
• This may be thanks to the prompt, if perhaps slightly draconian, quarantine measures instituted by the Chinese government.

drawl

v

• His mother was speaking with a slight drawl.
• He drawled his name in a Southern accent.
• "Well, hello there," she drawled.

Unit 3

dreary

adj

• a dreary lecture
• a long and dreary journey on the train
• Reading is a quiet activity and it will often induce sleep in the supine position. Especially if it's a dreary textbook or work paper.

drench

vt

• We were caught in the storm and got drenched to the skin.
• They turned fire hoses on the people and drenched them.

drivel

n / v

• How can you watch that drivel on TV?
• What absolute drivel!
• my roommate talks in her sleep, but it's just drivel
• What is he driveling about now?

diminutive

adj

• Its diminutive size makes it so handy for stashing in a coat pocket.
• Her eyes scanned the room until they came to rest on a diminutive figure standing at the entrance.

drollness

n

• The professor's drollness endeared him to his students.
• He is a drollness.

drone

v

• A plane was droning in the distance.
• Chambers' voice droned, maddening as an insect around his head.
• Above him an invisible plane droned through the night sky.

drudgery

n

• People want to get away from the drudgery of their everyday lives.
• Making massive changes to code is always a drudgery and an error-prone process.

dubious

adj

• I was rather dubious about the whole idea.
• They indulged in some highly dubious business practices to obtain their current position in the market.
• This claim seems to us to be rather dubious.

ductile

adj

• a ductile personality
• He is ductile by others' comments.

dulcet

adj

• I thought I recognized your dulcet tones.
• The inmost happiness is the most dulcet in the world.
• Outside, sky is clean blue, birds are singings amazing dulcet, it seems to me that they are happy.

Unit 4

dullard

n

• He was often mistaken for a dullard because he never said much in discussions.
• Fishes have long been dismissed as dullards, but new observations and studies are proving this assumption wrong.

dupe

1. n
   "You're not expected to have an answer for that," says Mr Hallock. "What you are is you are a dupe".
2. vt

• He was duped into giving them his credit card.
• They soon realized they had been duped.
• Nobody's perfect, even scientists get duped.

duplicitous

adj

• He warned her not to trust the duplicitous art dealer.
• Your duplicitous classmate walks over to you and says, innocently, "Hey! How are things going?"

dwindle

vi

• Supporters for the party has dwindled away to nothing.
• Membership of the club has dwindled from 70 to 20.
• The factory's workforce has dwindled from over 4,000 to a few hundred.

dyspeptic

adj

• in a dyspeptic mood
• He was dyspeptic recently because he was cheated by others.

earnest

adj

• Despite her earnest efforts, she could not find a job.
• If I were, this is the stage when I would prepare in earnest for them.
• You may laugh but I'm in deadly earnest.

embryonic

adj

• The plan, as yet, only exists in embryonic form.
• The tourism industry there is still in an embryonic stage.

earsplitting

adj

• The train's whistle made an earsplitting noise.
• The earsplitting noise coming from the jackhammers at the construction site.

eavesdrop

vi

• We caught him eavesdropping outside the window.
• The government illegally eavesdropped on his telephone conversations.
• He ensconced himself in the closet in order to eavesdrop.

ebullient

adj

• ebullient performers
• the ebullient Russian president
• The NBER's(國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)研究局) pronouncement did not dampen(使沮喪) the ebullient mood of investors.
• The atmosphere was ebullient and the consensus clear: Design's moment is now.

Unit 5

eccentric

adj

• eccentric behaviour / clothes
• He is an eccentric character who likes wearing a beret and dark glasses.
• In all of them his thinking was widely regarded at the outset as eccentric or worse.

éclat

n

• They gave him more éclat than he really deserved.
• Her latest novel was received with great éclat.

eclipse

vt

• Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his brother.
• the space programme has been eclipsed by other pressing needs
• The play now seems to eclipse the work.

ecstasy

n

• It seems that he could rest for a while to enjoy the ecstasy of victory.
• I swear I caught a look of ecstasy on his little face as he dug his hands into the sugar and shoveled it into his mouth.

ecumenical

adj

• Leaders of the tea-party movement early on went out of their way to insist that theirs is a ecumenical movement, but I think we all knew this was nonsense.
• The ecumenical approach seemed to annoy some executives.
• Space form study is the nonobjective and ecumenical study about space.

edible

adj

• a plant with edible leaves
• All of the decorations on the gingerbread(姜餅) house were edible.
• The picture is made of chocolate. The frame is edible.

edifice

1. n

• The taxi driver reeled off a list of historic edifices they must not fail to visit.
• The U.S. Capitol is one of our nation's most impressive edifices.

2. n

• The marvellous edifice of modern finance took years to build. The world had a weekend to save it from collapsing.
• "The whole intellectual edifice has collapsed," the former Fed chairman told Congress that fall.

efface

vt

• a memory effaced by time
• Wind and rain might efface memories, but not the everlasting devotion to education.
• I will never efface the image of a common service worker.

effervesce

vi

• effervesce over the news of victory
• For decades, when not effervescing over royal weddings and births, the tabloids have castigated the royals as lazy, frumpy, dissipated or self-indulgent.

effete

adj

• During the middle ages, Greek civilization declined and became effete.
• The soft, effete society that marked the final years of the Roman empire.

Unit 6

effluvium

n
The effluvia from local sewage treatment plants polluting the river.

effrontery

n

• You crashed my car and now you have the effrontery to ask me for my bicycle!
• How can you have the effrontery to ask for another loan?

effulgent

adj

• He has endless thoughts for the most effulgent sunbeam that shines after the storm.
• The exceptional effulgent moon is always a striking sight.

effusive

adj

• He was effusive in his praise.
• She hugged me, passionately effusive as always.
• Husbands are effusive, heartfelt, and articulate in their appreciation of both their partners and their marriages.

egalitarian

adj

• I still believe in the notion of an egalitarian society.
• egalitarian policies for the redistribution of wealth

egoistic

adj

• Choose friends must be careful! Pure egoistic, will put on the mask of friendship, but also set a trap to hang you.
• One tries to put aside egoistic pursuits and gain a deeper understanding of one's connection to all people and things.
• An egoistic person cannot love because love equalizes.

elaborate

adj / vt

• She had prepared a very elaborate meal.
• She went on to elaborate her argument.
• A spokesman declined to elaborate on a statement released late yesterday.

elastic

1. adj

• Rubber(橡膠) is an elastic material.
• These regulations are elastic.

2. adj
   My elastic spirits revived.

elate

vt

• The discovery has elated researchers.
• The winning of the state basketball championship elated the whole town.

eleemosynary

adj

• He used his vast fortune for establishing and funding a host of eleemosynary institutions.
• So the answer is that every piece of a newspaper has to be economically evaluated, because, in the end, we're not an eleemosynary institution, even though most of the newspapers have been run as one.

Unit 7

elegy

n

• a touching elegy for a lost friend
• When they sing a beautiful elegy to youth, a lament for all the things lost along the way, many were in tears.

elephantine

1. adj

• He has an elephantine ego.
• His legs were elephantine.
• The wedding reception was held under an elephantine tent on the great lawn.

2. adj

• elephantine clumsiness
• elephantine movements

elevate

1. vt

• He was elevated to the post of president.
• Emotional stress can elevate blood pressure.
• Great books that both entertain and elevate their readers.

2. vt

• The song never failed to elevate his spirits.
• Seeing their son ordained as a priest was one of the most elevating moments in their lives.

elicit

vt

• Her tears elicited great sympathy from her audience.
• Mr. Norris said he was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response.

elliptical

1. adj

• a writer with an elliptical style
• an elliptical remark
• elliptical response to problems

2. adj
   the moon's elliptical orbit

elucidate

v

• He elucidated a point of grammar.
• I will try to elucidate what I think the problems are.
• The pathway could also elucidate how language evolved.

emaciate

vt

• cattle emaciated by illness
• Without adequate medical supplies, doctors could only look on helplessly as cholera(霍亂) victims continued to emaciate.

emancipate

vt

• That war preserved the Union and emancipated the slaves.
• Slaves were not emancipated until 1863 in the United States.
• This new machine will emancipate us from the hard work.

embargo

n

• an embargo on arms sales to certain countries
• a trade embargo against certain countries
• The United Nations imposed an arms embargo against the country.

embark

vi

• He's embarking on a new career as a writer.
• She is about to embark on a diplomatic career.

Unit 8

embarrass

vt

• Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.
• They were my friends, and I just didn’t want to embarrass them publicly.

embed

vt

• an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg
• These attitudes are deeply embedded in our society.

embezzle

vt

• He was found guilty of embezzling $150 000 of public funds.
• Prosecutors have opened investigations into several bank executives and regulators, accusing them of colluding to embezzle funds and grant illegal loans.

embolden

vt

• Emboldened by the wine, he went over to introduce himself to her.
• With such a majority, the administration was emboldened to introduce radical new policies.
• The president was steadily emboldened by the discovery that he faced no opposition.

emboss

vt

• The hotel's name was embossed on the stationery(信箋).
• The cup is embossed with a design of Shanghai skyline.

embrace

vt

• They embraced and promised to keep in touch.
• He embraces the new information age.

embroider

v

• He told some lies and sometimes just embroidered the truth.
• He is known to embroider the truth about his service in the army.

emigrate

vi

• He emigrated from Canada to the United States.
• In 1991 Muchnik, her husband and three children emigrated to the United States, seeking more freedom.

eminent

adj

• many eminent surgeons are on the hospital's staff
• Next year sees the 150th anniversary of the 'invention' of the dinosaurs by the eminent English anatomist and palaeontologist, Richard Owen.

emollient

adj

• The North Korea's relatively emollient tone suggests that there remains an opening for the summit to go ahead at a later date and for talks about it to carry on in the meantime.
• He soothe us in our agonies(痛苦) with emollient words.

Unit 9

emulate

vt

• Sons are traditionally expected to emulate their fathers.
• artists emulating the style of their teachers

enact

vt

• legislation enacted by parliament
• The authorities have failed so far to enact a law allowing unrestricted emigration.
• To enact such a law is to break a higher law that demands fairness and respect for human life.

enamel

vt

• Pour the milk and cream into a stainless-steel or enameled pot.
• Both the black enameled interior and colorful enameled exterior are durable and resistant to stains.

encomium

n

• the encomiums bestowed(授予) on a teacher at her retirement ceremonies
• In this genre there is no praise of individual; it is a laudation of the collective Athenians, which is turned into an encomium of the greatness of the polis.

encompass

vt

• The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities.
• The group encompasses all ages.
• The map shows the rest of the western region, encompassing nine states.

encumber

vt

• The police operation was encumbered by crowds of reporters.
• It is still labouring under the debt that it was encumbered with in the 1980s.
• Be arrogant(自大) will not only encumber you from having good relation with others, but also obstruct you from getting progress as well.

endemic

adj

• Companies say these problems are endemic to doing business in China.
• The fish is not an endemic species of the lake, and it is rapidly devouring the native trout population.
• Not only does it have a rich animal and plant life, it also houses a huge number of endemic species found nowhere else on earth.

endorse

vt

• The newspaper has endorsed the conservative candidate for mayor.
• We do not endorse their position.
• That brand of sneaker(運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋) is endorsed by several basketball stars.

enervate

vt

• a lifetime of working in dreary jobs had enervated his soul
• The surgery really enervated me for weeks afterwards.

enfranchise

1. vt

• The company voted to enfranchise its 120 women members.
• New Zealand was the first country to enfranchise women. It gave them the vote in 1895.

2. vt

• enfranchise slaves
• In a way, modern labor-saving appliances enfranchised people, giving them much more leisure time.

Unit 10

engender

vt

• The issue engendered controversy(爭(zhēng)論).
• The issue has engendered a considerable amount of debate.
• a suggestion to go out for pizza that didn't seem to engender any interest

engross

vt

• a mystery story that will engross readers all the way to the surprise ending
• Unlike so much of the world, China is not engrossed in soccer.
• In the story, Nick has been engrossed in his video games lately and he's developed a bit of a careless attitude.

enigma

n

• Many scholars call it the ultimate enigma of the Nazi era, indeed perhaps of modern history: How did the Holocaust happen? And why in Germany?
• Despite the enigma of the singularity(奇點(diǎn)), the big bang theory is unquestionably one of the most successful ideas in the history of science.

enlighten

vt

• She didn't enlighten him about her background.
• TV programs should enlighten the audience as well as entertainment.
• I don't understand what's going on; can someone please enlighten me?

enmity

n

• We need to put aside old enmities for the sake of peace.
• What has earned her the enmity of so many peers is her indiscriminate outspokenness.
• The two countries too often relish their political enmity over the huge potential benefits from trade.

ennoble

vt

• a life ennobled by suffering
• Her skill and talent ennoble her profession.
• He was ennobled by the queen.

ennui

n

• The kind of ennui that comes from having too much time on one's hands and too little will to find something productive to do.
• You too would suffer from ennui if you had to spend months in a hospital bed.
• The whole country seems to be affected by the ennui of winter.

expostulate

vi

• "For heaven's sake!" Dot expostulated, "They're cheap and they're useful."
• The father expostulate with his son about the foolishness of leaving school.
• Didn't you ever expostulate with her on the subject?

ensconce

vt

• They ensconced themselves within the protection of three great elms.
• He ensconced himself behind the television.
• The sculpture is safely ensconced behind glass.

ensue

vi

• An argument ensued.
• There needs just one case to be brought to court and won, then a flood of cases will ensue.
• If the Europeans did not reduce subsidies, a trade war would ensue.