一、介紹
工廠模式（Factory Pattern）是 Java 中最常用的設(shè)計模式之一。這種類型的設(shè)計模式屬于創(chuàng)建型模式，它提供了一種創(chuàng)建對象的最佳方式剥哑。
在工廠模式中，我們在創(chuàng)建對象時不會對客戶端暴露創(chuàng)建邏輯淹父，并且是通過使用一個共同的接口來指向新創(chuàng)建的對象株婴。
二、創(chuàng)建步驟
- 創(chuàng)建Person接口
package factory;
public interface Person {
public void println();
}
- 創(chuàng)建實現(xiàn)類
package factory;
import java.util.Objects;
//運動員
public class Athlete implements Person {
private String name;
private Sex sex;
private Integer age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Sex getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(Sex sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (!(o instanceof Athlete)) return false;
Athlete athlete = (Athlete) o;
return Objects.equals(getName(), athlete.getName()) &&
getSex() == athlete.getSex() &&
Objects.equals(getAge(), athlete.getAge());
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(getName(), getSex(), getAge());
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Athlete{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", sex=" + sex +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
public Athlete(String name, Sex sex, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
}
public Athlete() {
}
@Override
public void println() {
System.out.println("我叫" + name + ",性別" + sex + "+弹灭，今年" + age + "歲督暂。是一名運動員揪垄！");
}
}
package factory;
import java.util.Objects;
//廚師
public class Chef implements Person {
private String name;
private Sex sex;
private Integer age;
public Chef(String name, Sex sex, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
}
public Chef() {
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Sex getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(Sex sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Chef{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", sex=" + sex +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (!(o instanceof Chef)) return false;
Chef chef = (Chef) o;
return Objects.equals(getName(), chef.getName()) &&
getSex() == chef.getSex() &&
Objects.equals(getAge(), chef.getAge());
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(getName(), getSex(), getAge());
}
@Override
public void println() {
System.out.println("我叫" + name + ",性別" + sex + "+穷吮，今年" + age + "歲。是一名廚師饥努！");
}
}
package factory;
//警察
public class Cop implements Person {
private String name;
private Sex sex;
private Integer age;
public Cop(String name, Sex sex, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
}
public Cop() {
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Sex getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(Sex sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public void println() {
System.out.println("我叫" + name + ",性別" + sex + "+捡鱼，今年" + age + "歲。是一名警察酷愧！");
}
}
package factory;
public enum Sex {
男,女
}
- 創(chuàng)建一個工廠
package factory;
public class PersonFactory {
public Person getPerson(String profession) {
if (profession == null) {
return null;
} else if ("athlete".equalsIgnoreCase(profession)) {
return new Athlete("劉翔",Sex.男,28);
} else if ("chef".equalsIgnoreCase(profession)) {
return new Chef("王大廚",Sex.男,35);
} else if ("cop".equalsIgnoreCase(profession)) {
return new Cop("小倩",Sex.女,22);
} else {
return null;
}
}
}
- 通過工廠獲取對象
package factory;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PersonFactory factory = new PersonFactory();
Person athlete = factory.getPerson("athlete");
Person chef = factory.getPerson("chef");
Person cop = factory.getPerson("cop");
athlete.println();
chef.println();
cop.println();
}
}
- 結(jié)果
我叫劉翔,性別男+驾诈，今年28歲。是一名運動員溶浴！
我叫王大廚,性別男+乍迄，今年35歲。是一名廚師士败！
我叫小倩,性別女+闯两，今年22歲褥伴。是一名廚師！
