原文鏈接：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-1Ubk58vI-UCEvTbLfkjOg
本文選自 The Economist 1月刊文章 Glass Half-Empty
As they examine how Mr Baumgartner and others reverse morbid patterns of thought, the authors set out a rule of thumb: “It takes four good things to overcome one bad thing.”
自譯：作者們在研究鮑姆加特納和其他人是如何逆轉(zhuǎn)病態(tài)思維模式的過程中，提出了一個拇指法則：“克服一件壞事的影響需要四件好事∪袂停”
參考：兩位作者開始研究鮑姆加特納和其他人是如何逆轉(zhuǎn)病態(tài)的思維模式的，過程中他們提出了一條經(jīng)驗法則：“克服一件壞事的影響需要四件好事帘瞭∮洳颍”
Morbid 這個單詞，中文解釋是“病態(tài)的”弃舒，看英文更好理解一點：used to describe anyone who spends too much time thinking about death or disease. 那么文中提到的 others 就表示一些花費過多時間思考死亡或疾病的群體臊诊。
Morbid 這個單詞來源于詞根 morbidus思劳，意思是“diseased”或者“sick”，除了形容人外妨猩，還可用于形容物潜叛，比如，“如果你把墓碑掛在墻上壶硅，你的藝術(shù)品位也可能被描述為病態(tài)”威兜，If you hang tombstones on your walls, your taste in art could also be described asmorbid.
在本段中，運用了一個俚語庐椒，Rule of thumb椒舵，表示“經(jīng)驗之談；經(jīng)驗法則”的意思约谈，英文解釋：a pratical and approximate way of doing or measuring something笔宿，“有個方便實用的估算方法犁钟，即兩把生米夠一人吃的量”，A good rule of thumb is that a portion of rice is two handfuls.
再比如泼橘，“如果有人傷心涝动，有個實用方法，給她看電視劇《大主宰》就好了炬灭〈姿冢”If someone is sad, there is a wonderful rule of thumb to show her or him the TV series "The Great Master" starring RoyWang.（親測有用）
Set out 主要有兩個意思：【文中采取第一個意思】
To start an activity with a particular aim （懷著特定目的）開始，著手
She set out with the aim of Amwaying TV series "The Great Master" to the people around her.她努力的目標(biāo)就是向周圍人安利超級好看的電視劇《大主宰》重归。
[ + to do sth. ] Many Doctors set out to discover a cure for the new coronavirus.許多醫(yī)生開始尋找一種治愈新型冠狀病毒的方法米愿。
2. To start a jouney 出發(fā)，啟程
Accordingly, they are less keen onaccentuatinglife’s positives than on trying tomuffle its negatives.In part that meansreframing adversity, like wounded soldiers who view injury “not as something that shattered their plans but as something that started them on a new path”.
自譯：于是鼻吮，相比較強(qiáng)調(diào)生活的積極態(tài)度育苟，他們更熱衷于嘗試消除負(fù)面影響。這意味著克服逆境椎木，就像受傷的士兵违柏，將受傷看作是重新開始一段新的路程而不是打亂了他們的計劃。
參考：相應(yīng)地拓哺，他們不太熱衷于強(qiáng)調(diào)生活的積極面勇垛，而更注重積極去降低消極面的影響脖母。在某種程度上士鸥，這意味著要重新審視逆境，就像受傷的士兵認(rèn)為負(fù)傷“不是打碎了他們的計劃谆级，而是推動他們走上了一條新的道路”烤礁。
錯誤點：accordingly 翻譯不準(zhǔn)確；最后一句引號中內(nèi)容翻譯時沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)肥照。
Than 為連詞脚仔，引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，句子有省略舆绎；第一個 that 為指示代詞鲤脏，who 為關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句吕朵，句中含有 not…but… 并列結(jié)構(gòu)猎醇，意為“不是……而是……”；第二個 that 為關(guān)系代詞努溃，引導(dǎo)定語從句硫嘶。
Accentuate life's positives 與? muffle its negatives 是一對相反的意思，其中 accentuate 意思是“著重梧税，強(qiáng)調(diào)沦疾；使明顯”称近，英文釋義為：to emphasize particular feature of something or to make something more noticeable. 例如，“她的裙子衣袋系得很緊哮塞，凸顯出苗條的腰身”可以這樣說：Her dress was tightly belted, accentuating the slimness of her waist.
后一個動詞 muffle 有兩層意思刨秆，表意是“使（聲音）變輕微（或低沉）[to make a sound quieter and less clear]”，例如彻桃，“這所房子裝有雙層玻璃以減弱飛機(jī)噪聲的干擾”坛善，The house has double-glazed windows to muffle the noise of aircraft. 文中使用的是它的引申義“削弱，使模糊[to make something less strong or clear]”邻眷。
因此眠屎，語段they are less keen on accentuating life's positives|| than on trying to muffle its negatives. 可以用英文解釋為：They are less keen on emphasize life's positives than on trying to make its negatives less strong.
文中用 reframe adversity 表示“重新審視逆境”，用英文解釋為：to change the way to consider unlucky situations or events. 積累到一個表示“逆境”的新詞：adversity [in the sense of hardship]肆饶，其同義詞還有：hardship, trouble, distress, suffering, trial, disaster, reverse, hard times, sorrow, catastrophe, woe, misfortune, bad luck, deep water, calamity, mishap, affliction, ill-fortune, ill-luck
對于 deep water改衩，我們通常說的“水深火熱”可以用到這個詞：deep water and scorching fire。
Shatter their plans驯镊，參考翻譯為“打碎他們的計劃”葫督，其中 shatter 的意思為：to end or severely damage something，嚴(yán)重破壞某事板惑￠暇担“這本書擊碎了她對羅馬人的一切幻想”The book shattered all her illusions about the Romans. 有時也可用于打破寧靜，例如“吵鬧的摩托聲打破了寧靜/平靜/靜謐”, Noisy motorbikes shattered the peace/calm/stillness.
有時候冯乘，我們或許經(jīng)歷著谷底洽胶，但換個角度看，生活也就不那么難熬裆馒，「人如果一直敷衍地生活姊氓，很容易覺得時間飛逝而自己一事無成；如果偶爾經(jīng)歷一些難熬的瞬間喷好，就能稍微抓住些時光的痕跡」（引自《環(huán)球人物》專欄《王源說》）
Sometimes, we may in the deep water, but from another perspective, life is not so hard. "If people live perfunctorily all the time, it's easy to feel that time flies and they can't achieve anything; if they occasionally experience some adversities and try to muffle its negatives, maybe they can grasp some traces of time".(quoted from the global people column "RoyWang Said")
On a more parochial note, they advise that people who have to deal with rude customers finish every encounter, no matter how bruising, with a positive gesture— and that if you are likely to be on the receiving end of reviews, you should get a friend to summarise them, to avoid direct exposure to indelibly hurtful phrases.
自譯：在更具體的警示上翔横，他們建議人們在與粗魯?shù)念櫩痛蚪坏罆r都以積極的姿勢結(jié)束商談，不管事情有多糟糕——如果你可能是接受評價的一方梗搅，你需要找一個朋友去做總結(jié)禾唁，去避免直接接觸不能消滅的會讓你受傷的話語。
參考：在一個更具體的情境中无切，他們建議那些不得不與粗魯?shù)念櫩痛蚪坏赖娜艘苑e極的姿態(tài)結(jié)束每一次接觸荡短，不管剛剛的經(jīng)歷有多么讓人受傷——另外，如果你很有可能是要接受評價的一方订雾，那你應(yīng)該找一個朋友替你來總結(jié)評語肢预，從而避免直接接觸到那些可能會造成不可磨滅的傷害的惡言惡語。
第一個 that 為連詞洼哎，引導(dǎo)賓語從句烫映；who 為關(guān)系代詞沼本，引導(dǎo)定語從句；no matter 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句锭沟；to summarize 為不定式抽兆，作賓語補(bǔ)足語（或稱復(fù)合賓語）。
On a more parochial note族淮，“在一個更具體的情境中”辫红，parochial 有兩層意思，第一層是“教區(qū)的”祝辣，parochial boundaries 就是“堂區(qū)分界線”的意思贴妻；文中采取的是它第二層意思，“showing interest only in a narrow range of matters, especially those that directly affect yourself, your town, or your country蝙斜，偏狹的名惩，尤其是自己或者地方觀念的”，這里翻譯成“在一個更狹隘的情境中”就有點別扭孕荠，結(jié)合上下文娩鹉，所以翻譯成“在一個更具體的情境中”。
通常我們說“打交道”用的都是：to come into contact with 或者 to have dealings稚伍，文中用的是：to deal with sb.? 這個短語特用于在工作上與某人打交道弯予，后面也可以接 sth，意思是“處理个曙，動手解決 [to take action in order to achieve something or in order to solve a problem]”锈嫩，例如：General enquiries are dealt with by our head office. （普通的咨詢由我們總部來解決。）
Indelibly hurtful phrases困檩，不可磨滅的惡言惡語祠挫。Indelible 本義是指“洗不掉的[an indelible mark or substance is impossible to remove by washing or in any other way]”那槽，例如悼沿，洗不掉的墨水漬，indelible ink. 這里使用的是引申義“（記憶或行為）不可磨滅的[indelible memories or actions are impossible to forget, or have a permanent influence or effect]”骚灸，“這一次的疫情給全國人民留下了不可磨滅的印象”糟趾， This outbreak of coronavirus makes an indelible impression for our country.
A few of the authors’ tips are bland:keep to a minimum your dealings with any colleague who is clearly a bad apple, “make time for nostalgia” and in dark moments try repeating the analgesic phrase, “This too shall pass.”
自譯：作者的某些建議很溫和：減少與任何事害群之馬的同事打交道，“找點時間懷舊”和在黑暗的時刻甚牲，嘗試反復(fù)念叨安慰的話語义郑，“這些都會過去的≌筛疲”
參考：作者的某些建議平淡無奇：盡量少和任何明顯是害群之馬的同事打交道非驮；“騰出時間懷舊”；在黑暗時刻試著反復(fù)默念能夠撫慰傷痛的話語——“都會過去的雏赦〗袤希”
本段采用一般現(xiàn)在時芙扎；Keep 開頭為祈使句，to a minimum 為介詞短語作狀語填大，被移位到賓語之前戒洼；who 為關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句允华。
bland：not having a strong taste or character or not showing any interest or energy 無滋味的圈浇；枯燥乏味的，沒精打采的靴寂，“在枯燥乏味的日子磷蜀，看看王源主演的電視劇《大主宰》成了我為數(shù)不多的樂趣”，On the bland days, watching the TV series "The Great Master" starred by RoyWang become one of my few pleasures.
A bad apple百炬，害群之馬蠕搜；a bad apple spoils the barrel 一粒老鼠屎壞了一鍋湯（one grain of rat feces ruins the whole pot of porridge.）
More often, though, their tone is challenging. They believe that higher education, after decades of enfeeblement by exaggerated anxieties about student well-being, should embrace a policy of “l(fā)ess carrot and more stick”.
自譯：但更多時候，他們的論調(diào)具有挑戰(zhàn)性收壕。他們認(rèn)為幾十年來妓灌，高等教育對學(xué)生的未來太過焦慮，應(yīng)采取措施“少給胡蘿卜蜜宪，多些棍棒虫埂。”
參考：不過更多時候圃验，他們的論調(diào)很挑戰(zhàn)人們的認(rèn)知掉伏。他們認(rèn)為，幾十年來澳窑，高等教育對學(xué)生的福祉焦慮過度斧散，以致自身衰弱無力，如今應(yīng)采取“少給些胡蘿卜摊聋，多來些大棒”的政策鸡捐。
enfeeble：to make someone or something very weak 使衰弱；使無力
Embrace a policy麻裁，采取措施箍镜。Embrace 在這里是“采納[to accept something enthusiastically]”的意思，“這樣的機(jī)會他是求之不得的”煎源，This was an opportunity that he would embrace.
Public debate, they argue, tends to be shaped by people whose livelihood depends on amplifying the chances of catastrophe. Thus the commentariat offers rivetingly grim pieces about the risks of opioid pain-relievers, but fails to acknowledge their benefits.
參考：他們指出色迂，有些人的生計就是靠夸大災(zāi)難事件發(fā)生的概率，而能夠影響公共辯論的往往正是這種人手销。因此歇僧，時事評論員的報道都在說阿片類鎮(zhèn)痛藥物的風(fēng)險如何之大——而不愿承認(rèn)這類藥物的益處。
To be shaped 為不定式锋拖，作賓語诈悍，采用被動語態(tài)埂淮；whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句；offers 為雙賓動詞作謂語写隶，采用一般現(xiàn)在時倔撞，rivetingly 為間接賓語，pieces 為直接賓語慕趴；to acknowledge 為不定式作賓語痪蝇。
Public debate，公開爭論冕房□飭“這個問題早就為大眾所爭論不休了”，This issue is long overdue for a public debate.
Amplify 本意是“to make something louder耙册，擴(kuò)大（聲音）”给僵，例如：amplified music/guitar，經(jīng)過擴(kuò)音的音樂/帶有擴(kuò)音設(shè)備的電吉他详拙。另一層意思是“to increase the size or effect of something帝际，增強(qiáng)”，“葬禮可以渲染生者痛失親人的哀悼之情”饶辙，A funeral can amplify the feelings of regret and loss for the relatives.
At times, such judgments on supposedly overblown negativity may strike readers as a touch blase? (the authors reckon a patient’s risk of addiction to opioids is “probably less than one or two percent”).
自譯：有時蹲诀，過于消極的判斷會讓讀者感到厭倦（作者們認(rèn)為患者對阿片類藥物上癮的風(fēng)險“或許少于1%或2%”）。
參考：有時弃揽，這種對于“過度消極”的判斷可能會讓讀者感到一絲冷漠（作者認(rèn)為患者對阿片類藥物上癮的風(fēng)險“可能不到1%或2%”）脯爪。
The pair are at their most bracing when, instead of lambasting the doomsayers,they extol “the upside of bad” and the power of negative experiences “to sharpen the mind and energise the will”.
自譯：替代抨擊末日預(yù)言家，他們贊揚“壞事的積極面”和消極經(jīng)歷“磨礪頭腦和激發(fā)意志力”的力量矿微。
參考：但當(dāng)他們選擇不去痛斥末日預(yù)言家痕慢，而是贊美“壞事的積極面”和消極經(jīng)歷“磨礪頭腦和激發(fā)意志力”的力量時，還是相當(dāng)讓人精神一振涌矢。
At their most bracing掖举，相當(dāng)讓人精神一振。其中 bracing 表示“（空氣或活動）清新的”蒿辙，英文釋義是：(of weather) cold and perhaps windy; (of an activity) making you feel full of energy because it is done outside when the weather is cold and perhaps windy.例如拇泛，“我們在沙灘上散步滨巴，感到心曠神怡”思灌，We enjoyed a bracing walk on the beach.
It has to be said, though, that some of those upsides come with titanic quantities of downside. At one point, they approvingly cite Samuel Johnson’s macabre observation that “when a man knows he is to be hanged in a fortnight, it concentrates his mind wonderfully.”
自譯：然而，不得不說的是恭取，他們所說的積極面是從巨大的消極面中獲得泰偿。在某一點，他們引用了塞繆爾·約翰遜驚人的觀察：“當(dāng)一個人知道他兩周內(nèi)會被絞死蜈垮，他的思想就集中了耗跛≡Ｕ眨”
參考：然而不得不提的是，他們所說的積極面有些要從極其巨大的消極面中才能獲得调塌。在書中某一處晋南，他們贊許地引用了塞繆爾·約翰遜令人恐怖的心得：“當(dāng)一個人知道他兩周內(nèi)就會被絞死時，他的思想就變得高度集中了羔砾「杭洌”
錯誤點：單詞太多不認(rèn)識；語句翻譯不通順姜凄。
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