The elephant in the truck
貨車?yán)锏拇笙?/h1>
**Whosoever hath not **
**凡沒有的 **
The rewards of retraining are highest for computing skills, but there is no natural pathway from trucker to coder. And even if there were, many of those already in the workforce lack both the confidence and the capability to make the switch. In its Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, the OECD presents a bleak picture of skills levels in 33 member countries (see chart). One in five adults, on average, has poor reading and numeracy skills. One in four has little or no experience of computers. On a measure of problem-solving ability using technology, most adults are at or below the lowest level of proficiency.
接受再培訓(xùn)后回報最高的工作是計算機技能色查，但在火車司機和程序員之間并不存在自然的轉(zhuǎn)換抖苦。并且即使存在這種捷徑捕犬，那些許多已經(jīng)工作的人也缺乏進行這種轉(zhuǎn)換的信心和能力。在為 International Assessment of Adult Competencies 提供的方案中倦蚪，OECD 展示了 33 個成員國勞動力技能水平的黯淡現(xiàn)狀。平均起來大約五分之一的成人在閱讀和計算能力上存在缺陷边苹。四分之一的只有一點或者完全沒有計算機技能陵且。在一項實用科技來解決問題的評測中，大部分成年人的能力僅僅是相當(dāng)于甚至?xí)陀谑炀毸健?/p>
Moreover, learning is most effective when people are able to practise their new skills. Yet many jobs, including lorry-driving, afford little such opportunity, and some of them are being deskilled further. Research by Tom Higgins of Cardiff University suggests that the numeracy requirements for retail assistants and care-home workers in Britain went down between 1997 and 2012. The head of one of the world’s biggest banks worries that a back office operation in India has disaggregated its work into separate tasks so effectively that employees are no longer able to understand the processes as a whole, let alone make useful suggestions for improving them.
此外个束，當(dāng)人們能夠去實踐新學(xué)到的技能的時候?qū)W習(xí)效率才是最高的慕购。然而許多工作，諸如卡車司機茬底，幾乎不會提供這樣的學(xué)習(xí)機會沪悲，有些工作甚至對技能的要求在變低。Cardiff University 的 Tom Higgins 的研究指出阱表，在 1997 到 2012 年間殿如，英國的銷售助理和護理中心員工對于計算能力的要求在下降贡珊。某世界最大銀行的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人擔(dān)心在印度負(fù)責(zé)后勤的部門為了工作效率將它們的工作拆分使得員工不在理解整個工作流程，更不用說提供一些有用的建議來增進效率握截。
So the truckers’ dilemma will be very hard to solve. “It’s difficult when you don’t have a good answer even in an ideal world,” says Jesper Roine, an economist who sat on a Swedish commission to examine the future of work. But as a thought experiment it highlights some of the problems involved in upgrading the stock of low-skilled and mid-skilled workers. Any decent answer will need a co-ordinated effort to bring together individuals, employers and providers of education. That suggests a role for two entities in particular.
所以火車司機的困境將很難解決飞崖。受瑞典所托研究未來工作的一位經(jīng)濟學(xué)家 Jesper Roine 指出：“這非常困難即使是在理想世界中也不存在答案〗靼”不過最為思想實驗固歪，它指出了在為低水平和中等水平工人提升技能時可能遇到的問題。任何合理的答案都需要將個人胯努、雇主和培訓(xùn)提供者結(jié)合起來牢裳。這就特別指出了兩個實體。
