2018年10月4日板惑，密歇根州立大學(xué)在《遺傳學(xué)》(Genetics)上發(fā)布文章“New DNA tool predicts height, shows promise for serious illness assessment”裆熙，介紹其研究小組開(kāi)發(fā)出的一款DNA工具端礼。該工具可通過(guò)分析基因構(gòu)成準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)人們的身高、骨密度及教育程度等入录，可以用于評(píng)估人們患心臟病和癌癥等嚴(yán)重疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)蛤奥。
A new DNA tool created by Michigan State University can accurately predict people’s height, and more importantly, could potentially assess their risk for serious illnesses, such as heart disease and cancer.
密歇根州立大學(xué)新開(kāi)發(fā)的一款DNA工具可以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)身高，并能評(píng)估人們患嚴(yán)重疾擦鸥濉（如心臟病和癌癥）的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)凡桥。
The research, featured in the October issue of Genetics, analyzed the complete genetic makeup of nearly 500,000 adults in the United Kingdom using machine learning.
這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在10月份的《遺傳學(xué)》雜志上，利用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)分析了英國(guó)近500,000名成年人的完整基因組成蚀同。
For the first time, the tool, or algorithm, builds predictors for human traits such as height, bone density and even the level of education a person might achieve, purely based on one’s genome. But the applications may not stop there.
該工具（算法）第一次僅僅依靠個(gè)人基因組構(gòu)建了人類特征的預(yù)測(cè)因子缅刽，如身高、骨密度甚至是可能達(dá)到的教育水平唤崭。當(dāng)然拷恨，該工具還可以應(yīng)用于其他地方。
“While we have validated this tool for these three outcomes, we can now apply this method to predict other complex traits related to health risks such as heart disease, diabetes and breast cancer,” said Stephen Hsu, lead investigator of the study and vice president for research and graduate studies at MSU.
密歇根州立大學(xué)副校長(zhǎng)兼該研究的首席研究員Stephen Hsu表示谢肾，在身高腕侄、骨密度和教育水平三方面，研究人員已經(jīng)驗(yàn)證了該DNA工具的有效性÷瑁現(xiàn)在該工具可用于預(yù)測(cè)與心臟病冕杠、糖尿病和乳腺癌等健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)的其他復(fù)雜特征。
Further applications have the potential to dramatically advance the practice of precision health, which allows physicians to intervene as early as possible in patient care and prevent or delay illness.
該工具或?qū)⒋蠓苿?dòng)精準(zhǔn)健康工作酸茴，使醫(yī)生能夠盡早干預(yù)患者護(hù)理分预，預(yù)防或延緩疾病。
In validation tests, the computer accurately predicted everyone’s height within roughly an inch. While bone density and educational attainment predictors were not as precise, they were accurate enough to identify outlying individuals who were at risk of having very low bone density associated with osteoporosis or were at risk of struggling in school.
在驗(yàn)證測(cè)試中薪捍，計(jì)算機(jī)預(yù)測(cè)了每個(gè)人的身高笼痹，誤差在一英寸以內(nèi)配喳。雖然骨密度和教育程度預(yù)測(cè)沒(méi)有這么精確，但已足以判斷可能導(dǎo)致骨質(zhì)疏松癥的低水平骨密度凳干，或辨別出在學(xué)校中存在無(wú)法正常完成學(xué)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人晴裹。
Traditional genetic testing typically looks for a specific change in a person’s genes or chromosomes that can indicate a higher risk for diseases such as breast cancer. Hsu’s model considers numerous genomic differences and builds a predictor based on the tens of thousands of variations.
傳統(tǒng)的基因檢測(cè)通常會(huì)尋找基因或染色體的特定變化，這些變化可能提示更高的乳腺癌等疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)救赐。密歇根州立大學(xué)的模型考慮了大量基因組差異涧团，并根據(jù)數(shù)萬(wàn)個(gè)變異構(gòu)建了一個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)工具。
Using data from the UK Biobank, Hsu and his team put the algorithm to work, evaluating each participant’s DNA and teaching the computer to pull out these distinct differences.
使用來(lái)自英國(guó)生物樣本庫(kù)的數(shù)據(jù)经磅，Hsu和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)用該算法評(píng)估每個(gè)參與者的DNA并教計(jì)算機(jī)消除這些明顯的差異泌绣。
“The algorithm looks at the genetic makeup and height of each person,” Hsu said. “The computer learns from each person and ultimately produces a predictor that can determine how tall they are from their genome alone.”
Hsu稱，該算法著眼于每個(gè)人的基因構(gòu)成和身高预厌。計(jì)算機(jī)獲取每個(gè)人的信息阿迈，并最終產(chǎn)生一個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)工具，預(yù)測(cè)基因組決定的身高配乓。
Hsu’s team will continue to improve the algorithms, while tapping into larger, more diverse data sets. Doing this would further validate the techniques and continue to help map out the genetic architecture of these important traits and disease risks.
Hsu的團(tuán)隊(duì)將繼續(xù)改進(jìn)算法仿滔，同時(shí)利用更大、更多樣化的數(shù)據(jù)集犹芹，進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證該技術(shù)并繼續(xù)幫助繪制出重要特征和疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的基因結(jié)構(gòu)崎页。
With greater computing power and decreasing costs around DNA sequencing, what was once thought to be five to 10 years out, is now a lot closer when it comes to this type of work, Hsu added.
Hsu補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，隨著計(jì)算能力變強(qiáng)腰埂，DNA測(cè)序成本降低飒焦，曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為需要5到10年才能實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不需要那么久了屿笼。
“Our team believes this is the future of medicine,” he said. “For the patient, a genomic test can be as simple as a cheek swab, with a cost of about $50. Once we calculate the predictors for genetically based diseases, early intervention can save billions of dollars in treatment costs, and more importantly, save lives.”
Hsu認(rèn)為牺荠，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)是醫(yī)學(xué)的未來(lái)。對(duì)于患者來(lái)說(shuō)驴一，基因組測(cè)試可以像用棉簽取口腔拭子一樣簡(jiǎn)單休雌，成本只有約為50美元。一旦計(jì)算出基因疾病的預(yù)測(cè)因子肝断，早期干預(yù)可以節(jié)省數(shù)十億美元的治療費(fèi)用杈曲。最重要的是，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以挽救生命胸懈〉Ｆ耍”
英文文章來(lái)源：Newswise網(wǎng)站
