【iOS開發(fā)筆記】系統(tǒng)權(quán)限的獲取和請求

前言

iOS開發(fā)避免不開系統(tǒng)權(quán)限的問題思恐，如何在APP中以更加友好的方式向用戶展示系統(tǒng)權(quán)限沾谜，似乎也是開發(fā)過程中指的深思的一件事。

那如何提高用戶獲取權(quán)限的通過率呢胀莹？以下幾種方式或許是不錯的嘗試：

1.在用戶打開app時就向用戶請求權(quán)限基跑。

  1. 告知用戶授權(quán)權(quán)限后能夠獲得的好處后再向用戶請求權(quán)限。

3.在絕對必要的情況下才向用戶請求權(quán)限描焰。

4.在展示系統(tǒng)權(quán)限的提示框前媳否，現(xiàn)象用戶顯示自定義的提示框，如果用戶不允許栈顷，默認無操作逆日，如果用戶允許，再展示系統(tǒng)提示框萄凤。

上面的只是一些嘗試室抽，與本文的主要講述內(nèi)容關(guān)系不大，接下來我們主要來看一下常用的一些系統(tǒng)權(quán)限的狀態(tài)獲取以及主動喚起權(quán)限請求的方法靡努。

一坪圾、常用的權(quán)限及轉(zhuǎn)換枚舉

1 常用的權(quán)限

iOS系統(tǒng)的權(quán)限包括很多，本文主要整理了筆者常用的一些權(quán)限惑朦，后面隨著使用可能會繼續(xù)補充兽泄，目前本文中主要包含的權(quán)限如下：

相機權(quán)限
相冊權(quán)限
日歷權(quán)限
麥克風權(quán)限
推送權(quán)限
定位權(quán)限
提醒事項權(quán)限
通訊錄權(quán)限
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)權(quán)限
藍牙權(quán)限

2 自定義權(quán)限狀態(tài)枚舉

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, TenAuthorizationStatus) {
    /**未確定*/
    TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined = 0,
    /**限制*/
    TenAuthorizationStatusRestricted,
    /**拒絕*/
    TenAuthorizationStatusDenied,
    /**同意授權(quán)*/
    TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized,
};

二、權(quán)限的獲取及請求

1 相機權(quán)限

引入頭文件#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

1.1 權(quán)限獲取

+(TenAuthorizationStatus)cameraStatue {
    TenAuthorizationStatus status;
    switch ([AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo]) {
        case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
            break;
        case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
            break;
        case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusRestricted;
            break;
        default:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
            break;
    }
    return status;
}

1.2 權(quán)限請求

[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {

}];

1.3 info.plist設置

Privacy - Camera Usage Description

2 相冊權(quán)限

引入頭文件#import <Photos/Photos.h>

2.1 權(quán)限獲取

+(TenAuthorizationStatus)photoLibraryStatus {
    TenAuthorizationStatus status;
    EHIAuthorizationStatus status;
    if (@available(iOS 14, *)) {
        switch ([PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatusForAccessLevel:PHAccessLevelReadWrite]) {
            case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
                //全部
                status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
                break;
            case PHAuthorizationStatusLimited:
                //部分
                status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
                break;
            case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
                status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
                break;
            case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
                status = TenAuthorizationStatusRestricted;
                break;
            default:
                status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
                break;
        }
    }else {
        switch ([PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus]) {
            case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
                status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
                break;
            case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
                status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
                break;
            case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
                status = TenAuthorizationStatusRestricted;
                break;
            default:
                status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
                break;
        }
    }
    return status;
}

2.2 權(quán)限請求

if (@available(iOS 14, *)) {
    [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorizationForAccessLevel:PHAccessLevelReadWrite handler:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {

    }];
} else {
    [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {

    }];
}

2.3 info.plist設置

存儲：Privacy - Photo Library Additions Usage Description
查看：Privacy - Photo Library Usage Description

3 日歷權(quán)限

引入頭文件#import <EventKit/EventKit.h>

3.1 權(quán)限獲取

+(TenAuthorizationStatus)calendarStatus {
    TenAuthorizationStatus status;
    switch ([EKEventStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent]) {
        case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
            break;
        case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
            break;
        case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusRestricted;
            break;
        default:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
            break;
    }
    return status;
}

3.2 權(quán)限請求

[[[EKEventStore alloc] init] requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {

}];

3.3 info.plist設置

Privacy - Calendars Usage Description

4 麥克風權(quán)限

引入頭文件#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

4.1 權(quán)限獲取

+(TenAuthorizationStatus)microphoneStatus {
    TenAuthorizationStatus status;
    switch ([AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio]) {
        case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
            break;
        case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
            break;
        case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusRestricted;
            break;
        default:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
            break;
    }
    return status;
}

4.2 權(quán)限請求

[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {

}];

4.3 info.plist設置

Privacy - Microphone Usage Description

5 推送權(quán)限

引入頭文件#import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>

5.1 權(quán)限獲取

+(TenAuthorizationStatus)pushStatus {
    if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
        dispatch_semaphore_t singal = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);//創(chuàng)建信號量
        __block TenAuthorizationStatus status;
        [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] getNotificationSettingsWithCompletionHandler:^(UNNotificationSettings * _Nonnull settings) {
            switch (settings.authorizationStatus) {
                case UNAuthorizationStatusDenied:
                    status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
                    break;
                case UNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
                    status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
                    break;
                default:
                    status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
                    break;
            }
            dispatch_semaphore_signal(singal);//賦值完成發(fā)送信號
        }];
        dispatch_semaphore_wait(singal, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);//等待信號
        return status;
    }
    return ([[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings].types == UIUserNotificationTypeNone) ? TenAuthorizationStatusDenied : TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
}

5.2 權(quán)限請求

if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {
  [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter]requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
    
  }];
}else {
  //iOS10之前漾月，系統(tǒng)對于申請推送權(quán)限沒有具體的API病梢，只有設置NotificationSettings時，會自動請求權(quán)限
  UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
  [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];
}

6 定位權(quán)限

引入頭文件#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

6.1 權(quán)限獲取

+(TenAuthorizationStatus)locationStatus {
    if (![CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]) {
        //手機定位權(quán)限未開啟(針對全部應用)
        return TenAuthorizationStatusRestricted;
    }
    TenAuthorizationStatus status;
    switch ([EHILocationManager shareManager].authorizationStatus) {
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
            break;
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
            break;
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusRestricted;
            break;
        default:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
            break;
    }
    return status;
}

6.2 權(quán)限請求

定位權(quán)限請求與其他權(quán)限不動梁肿，請求的結(jié)果是在代理中返回的蜓陌，可以自己做一層封裝，與其他系統(tǒng)權(quán)限請求一樣用block的形式將結(jié)果返回吩蔑。

封裝方法調(diào)用

[[TenLocationManager shareManager] ten_requestLocationRequest:^(BOOL granted, CLAuthorizationStatus status) {

}];

TenLocationManager.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

@interface TenLocationManager : NSObject
/**系統(tǒng)定位權(quán)限*/
@property (nonatomic, readonly) CLAuthorizationStatus authorizationStatus;

/**單例方法*/
+(instancetype)shareManager;
/**
 喚起請求定位權(quán)限
 @param block 結(jié)果回調(diào)
 */
-(void)ten_requestLocationRequest:(void (^) (BOOL granted, CLAuthorizationStatus status))block;
@end

TenLocationManager.m

#import "TenLocationManager.h"

@interface TenLocationManager () <CLLocationManagerDelegate>
/**請求定位權(quán)限結(jié)果類*/
@property (nonatomic, copy) void (^locationAuthBlock) (BOOL granted, CLAuthorizationStatus state);
/**系統(tǒng)定位*/
@property (nonatomic, strong) CLLocationManager *sys_locationManager;
@end

static TenLocationManager *_locationManager;
@implementation TenLocationManager

/**構(gòu)造方法*/
+(instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone {
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        if (_locationManager == nil) {
            _locationManager = [super allocWithZone:zone];
        }
    });
    return _locationManager;
}

/**單例方法*/
+(instancetype)shareManager {
    return [[self alloc] init];
}

/**喚起定位權(quán)限請求*/
-(void)ten_requestLocationRequest:(void (^)(BOOL, CLAuthorizationStatus))block {
    self.locationAuthBlock = block;
    [self.sys_locationManager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];
}

#pragma mark - CLLocationManagerDelegate
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status {
    if (self.locationAuthBlock) {
        self.locationAuthBlock(status == kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse, status);
    }
}

#pragma mark - lazy getter
-(CLLocationManager *)sys_locationManager {
    if (!_sys_locationManager) {
        _sys_locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];
        _sys_locationManager.delegate = self;
    }
    return _sys_locationManager;
}

- (CLAuthorizationStatus)authorizationStatus {
    if (@available(iOS 14, *)) {
        return self.sys_locationManager.authorizationStatus;
    }else {
        return [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
    }
}

6.3 info.plist設置

總是：Privacy - Location Always Usage Description
使用中：Privacy - Location When In Use Usage Description

iOS14 之后钮热，增加精確定位功能，通過設置NSLocationDefaultAccuracyReduced為true來實現(xiàn)默認請求大概位置烛芬，否則是默認請求精確位置

如果是大概位置隧期，可單次請求精確位置飒责，配置NSLocationTemporaryUsageDescriptionDictionary字段設置請求原因，
喚起精確定位方法：[self.mgr requestTemporaryFullAccuracyAuthorizationWithPurposeKey:@"purposeKey"];

7 提醒事項權(quán)限

引入頭文件#import <EventKit/EventKit.h>

7.1 權(quán)限獲取

+(TenAuthorizationStatus)remindStatus {
    TenAuthorizationStatus status;
    switch ([EKEventStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeReminder]) {
        case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
            break;
        case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
            break;
        case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusRestricted;
            break;
        default:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
            break;
    }
    return status;
}

7.2 權(quán)限請求

[[[EKEventStore alloc] init] requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {

}];

7.3 info.plist設置

NSRemindersUsageDescription

8 通訊錄權(quán)限

引入頭文件
iOS 9.0前 #import <AddressBook/AddressBook.h>
iOS 9.0后 #import <Contacts/Contacts.h>

8.1 權(quán)限獲取

+(TenAuthorizationStatus)addressBookStatus {
  TenAuthorizationStatus status;
  if (@available(iOS 9.0, *)) {
    switch ([CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts]) {
      case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
          status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
          break;
      case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
          status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
          break;
      case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
          status = TenAuthorizationStatusRestricted;
          break;
      default:
          status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
          break;
    }
  } else {
    switch (ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus()) {
      case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
        break;
      case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
        break;
      default:
        status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
        break;
    }
  }
  return status;
}

8.2 權(quán)限請求

if (@available(iOS 9.0, *)) {
  [[[CNContactStore alloc] init] requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {

  }];
}else {
  ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
  ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {

  });
}

8.3 info.plist設置

Privacy - Contacts Usage Description

9 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)權(quán)限

引入頭文件#import <CoreTelephony/CTCellularData.h>

9.1 權(quán)限獲取

+(TenAuthorizationStatus)netStatus {
    TenAuthorizationStatus status;
    switch ([[CTCellularData alloc] init].restrictedState) {
        case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusAuthorized;
            break;
        case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined;
            break;
        default:
            status = TenAuthorizationStatusDenied;
            break;
    }
    return status;
}

9.2 權(quán)限請求

系統(tǒng)未提供接口供開發(fā)者手動請求網(wǎng)絡權(quán)限仆潮，iOS10以上系統(tǒng)宏蛉，應用首次請求網(wǎng)絡會自動彈出，一個應用只彈出一次鸵闪，卸載也不會重新彈出

10 藍牙權(quán)限

藍牙權(quán)限具體使用之前的表述有些問題檐晕，現(xiàn)在重新整理到了新的文章中：藍牙權(quán)限的獲取暑诸。

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