Day 4-5
A Brief History of Time
chapter1 : time and space
閱讀時(shí)間：50分鐘
1.the leaning tower of Pisa 比薩斜塔
2.air resistance 空氣阻力
3.Newton’s first law 牛頓第一定律
4.gravitational attraction， gravity, gravitation
5.refute
1. to say that a statement is not true or accurate without giving proof
The police said he was drunk, a claim refuted by his attorney.
2. to prove that a statement is false
The evidence refutes all claims that the student loan scheme is not working.
He observed that the times at which the moons of Jupiter appeared to pass
behind Jupiter were not evenly spaced, as one would expect if the moons
went round Jupiter at a constant rate.
6.moon 衛(wèi)星
7.space
v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) set sth out with regular spaces between
將某事物均勻隔開:
space out the posts three metres apart
把這些柱子間隔三米排開 *
8.propagation 傳播
9.wave crest 波峰
10.thousandth 千分之一
11.ether 以太
The fundamenta lpostulate of the theory of relativity, as it was called, was that the laws of science should be the same for all freely moving observers, no matter what their speed.
12.postulate
an idea that is an important part of a theory, argument, or explanation 假定，基本原理
13.the special / general theory of relativity狹義/廣義相對(duì)論
Only light, or other waves that have no intrinsic mass, can move at the speed of light.
14.intrinsic:
relating to the essential qualities or features of something or someone
the intrinsic beauty of the Italian language
15.pulse 脈沖
16.velocity
the speed that something moves at in one direction速度
17.cesium clock 銫原子鐘金拒， 銫鐘
18.鉑桿（platinum metre bar）胜茧，以此桿兩端之間的距離定為1米
19.坐標(biāo)系 Coordinate system
20.Piccadilly Circus 皮卡迪利圓環(huán)
皮卡迪利圓環(huán)（Piccadilly Circus）派阱，倫敦最有名的圓形廣場，興建于1819年，早期是英國零售商店所在地，今日為英國倫敦市中心購物街道的圓心點(diǎn)踢俄，有五條主要道路交錯(cuò)于此。
21.diagonal line對(duì)角線
22.radius 半徑
23.snapshot n,快照
24.geodesic 測(cè)地線
25.elongated
longer and narrower than is normal or natural
elongated fingers
26.curvature 彎曲
Brilliant ideas:
In Newton’s theory, if a pulse of light is sent from one place to another, different observers would agree on the time that the journey took (since time is absolute), but will not always agree on how far the light traveled (since space is not absolute). Since the speed of the light is just the distance it has traveled divided by the time it has taken, different observers would measure different speeds for the light.
In relativity, on the other hand, all observers must agree on how fast light travels. They still, however, do not agree on the distance the light has traveled, so they must therefore now also disagree over the time it has taken.
The theory of relativity put an end to the idea of absolute time!!!
That space-time is not flat, as had been previously assumed: it is curved, or “warped,” by the distribution of mass and energy in it.
The mass of the sun curves space-time in such a way that although the earth follows a straight path in four-dimensional space-time, it appears to us to move along a circular orbit in three-dimensional space.
day 5
Chapter 1 ?Our Picture of the Universe
1.spherical ?球形的
SYNONYM:ball-shaped,globular, rotund, round,
2.hull
the part of a ship or boat that floats on the water. 船殼
The front part is called the bow and the back part is called the stern .
3.heretic 異教徒
4.Copernicus 哥白尼
5.repugnant
extremely unpleasant or offensive ?令人厭惡的
6.reconcile
使……一致晴及，和諧
to find a way to make ideas, beliefs, needs etc that are opposed to each other capable of existing together
There seems to be no possibility of reconciling the two versions of what happened.
Management and labour are attempting to reconcile their differences.
reconcile something with something:
Research is being undertaken in how to reconcile conservation needs with growing demand for water.
7.postulate ?假定
to claim or imagine that something is true or that it exists
The theory postulates two reasons for the spread of the disease.
8.The story that Newton was inspired by an apple hitting his head is almost certainly apocryphal.
a‘pocryphal
probably not true, but believed by a lot of people to be true
不足憑信的
9.But he reasoned that if, on the other hand, there were an infinite number of stars, distributed more or less uniformly over infinite space, this would not happen, because there would not be any central point for them to fall to.
uniform
adj. the same everywhere
The policy ensures a uniform standard of health care throughout the country.
10.It is an interesting reflection on the general climate of thought before the twentieth century that no one had suggested that the universe was expanding or contracting.
climate:the general situation or attitudes that people have at a particular time
economic/?political/?moral/?intellectual climate:
We are unable to increase wages in the current economic climate.
climate of:The election is being organized in a climate of fear and mistrust.
the climate of opinion: The climate of opinion is now changing on that subject.
11.repulsive ?排斥的都办，斥力的
12.ascribe to
1. to believe something is the cause of something else
Their defeat was ascribed to a poor defence.
2.to believe that a particular person wrote a book or a piece of music, painted a picture etc so that people generally accept this to be true
Another objection to an infinite static universe is normally ascribed to the German philosopher Heinrich Olbers, who wrote about this theory in 1823.
13.Hubble’s observations suggested that there was a time, called the big bang, when the universe was infini'tesimally極小地 small and infinitely dense.
14.preclude
if one thing precludes another, the first thing prevents the second one from happening
This policy precludes the routine use of chemicals.
Tercek’s interviewing style precluded any long-winded answers.
15.Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it.
provisional
intended to be temporary, and likely to be changed when other arrangements are made
a provisional government
16.The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe.
17.quantum mechanics 量子力學(xué) ：extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch.
The general theory of relativity 廣義相對(duì)論 ：from only a few miles to as large as a million million million million (1 with twenty-four zeros after it) miles
Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other – they cannot both be correct.
quantum theory of gravity
18.inexplicable：impossible to explain ?
Day 6: 思維導(dǎo)圖
day 7:
? ?看了第四天的關(guān)于宇宙和空間的材料，我就和好朋友說虑稼，這是我這么久以來看過最有趣的材料的琳钉。不僅是內(nèi)容有趣，更重要的是作者的敘述方式蛛倦，并不故作高深歌懒，而是用樸實(shí)的語言講一些復(fù)雜的道理，這應(yīng)該是這本書最出彩的地方了溯壶。
? ?結(jié)構(gòu)方面作者也把握地十分到位及皂，將知識(shí)一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)講出來甫男，按時(shí)間順序，也按照復(fù)雜程度躲庄，不急不緩查剖，使得文章的節(jié)奏良好钾虐，只要愿意思考就能夠跟上作者的思路噪窘。雖然作者講述的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)很平易近人，但還是有一些不好理解的地方效扫，這時(shí)候作者就開始使用類比的方式倔监，將復(fù)雜的情況與簡單的情況類比，比如作者講到四維空間里的直線并不是三維空間的直線菌仁，四維空間是難以想象的浩习，于是作者就用了飛行員開飛機(jī)的例子，告訴我們?nèi)S空間的直線在二維也是彎曲的济丘，這就讓我們有了更加直觀的了解谱秽。
? ?作為一個(gè)理科生，在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了英語專業(yè)摹迷，每天都被泡在文學(xué)和概況里疟赊，需要思考，需要邏輯的地方其實(shí)并不多峡碉。但這篇文章給了我不一樣的閱讀體驗(yàn)近哟，它的寫作方式是很重要，但最重要的還是其中的內(nèi)容鲫寄，關(guān)于宇宙吉执，時(shí)間，空間地来。試問這樣的內(nèi)容戳玫，怎么會(huì)不吸引人呢。正式因?yàn)楸晃窗撸栽诘诙斓淖鳂I(yè)的基礎(chǔ)上咕宿，我便自行又增加了一部分閱讀，讀了這本書的第一章颂碧。好久沒有這種迫切地汲取知識(shí)的感覺荠列。這么說來好像有點(diǎn)夸張，但確實(shí)是事實(shí)载城。為了讀懂并理解內(nèi)容肌似，我愿意花一個(gè)小時(shí)來泛讀，再花更多的時(shí)間來精讀诉瓦，在讀完后川队，精神上的愉悅就是第二天繼續(xù)讀書的動(dòng)力力细。這就是開班第一天所說的active reading的意思吧。
? ?這幾天的閱讀之后固额，我覺得active reading不僅僅是指愿意讀眠蚂，更是指愿意主動(dòng)去思考，只有思考是主動(dòng)的斗躏，知識(shí)的積累或者是一定量的輸出都是被動(dòng)的逝慧，所以說，在閱讀中一定要體會(huì)到思考的樂趣啄糙，這是我學(xué)習(xí)語言這么久以來第一次想到這個(gè)問題笛臣。
? ?另外，希望自己能堅(jiān)持下去隧饼，每天一定的文字輸入是很大的財(cái)富沈堡。
