.net中，處于安全的考慮蕾盯，RSACryptoServiceProvider類惧蛹，解密時只有同時擁有公鑰和私鑰才可以。原因是公鑰是公開的刑枝，會被多人持有。這樣的數據傳輸是不安全的迅腔。C#RSA私鑰加密装畅，公鑰解密出錯的原因!
C#中用RSA算法生成公鑰和私鑰
方法一：
公鑰密鑰生成后，保存在同名文件夾下面沧烈，如下圖：
公鑰密鑰生成掠兄，所在路徑【RSA\RSA\bin\Debug】
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;//必須引用
namespace RSA
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("PrivateKey.xml")) //這個文件要保密...
{
writer.WriteLine(rsa.ToXmlString(true));
}
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("PublicKey.xml"))
{
writer.WriteLine(rsa.ToXmlString(false));
}
}
}
}
方法二：
public static void GKEY()//(計算機)生成密鑰 GKEY(generate key),generate the RSA public and private keys
{
using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
{
string publicKey = rsa.ToXmlString(false); // 公鑰
string privateKey = rsa.ToXmlString(true); // 私鑰
}
}
直接斷點調式復制公鑰密鑰出來用
RSA加密解密類
#region RSA
/// <summary>
/// RSA加密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="publickey"></param>
/// <param name="content"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string RSAEncrypt(string publickey, string content)
{
publickey = @"<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>0wE26IHp4U9OLtPhJ+fT8ej6aWORFP8pd++MjUuhkQQm/zhcImbxQbjxtSAftz+kkDwGDFJpSldQPyigOGcUx7PofTc6VhiFik9E9SsxV9n0iEEtqUndDfmBJfPAWt+4UDMwKakgZqFoapDuwjKlTErFvKCyKCs+qN9OZvZwKWk=</Modulus><Exponent>AQAB</Exponent></RSAKeyValue>";
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
byte[] cipherbytes;
rsa.FromXmlString(publickey);
cipherbytes = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content), false);
return Convert.ToBase64String(cipherbytes);
}
/// <summary>
/// RSA解密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="privatekey"></param>
/// <param name="content"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string RSADecrypt(string privatekey, string content)
{
privatekey = @"<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>0wE26IHp4U9OLtPhJ+fT8ej6aWORFP8pd++MjUuhkQQm/zhcImbxQbjxtSAftz+kkDwGDFJpSldQPyigOGcUx7PofTc6VhiFik9E9SsxV9n0iEEtqUndDfmBJfPAWt+4UDMwKakgZqFoapDuwjKlTErFvKCyKCs+qN9OZvZwKWk=</Modulus><Exponent>AQAB</Exponent><P>8Ei6NIsZtgV3DQjuGHfGLS6o1O+IUXxzjqLxdMm77yhEPUxR9YPIxODJ2VVTddXSAHxViJJt30yJ7JhVz6cpQw==</P><Q>4M49NrmalgVQFMsea2RMB1qN8fAPfIw5G9q9hzsLcWSCmkeRRIQlvPYflVEKAYKiDVVzENETbnnduFXWBABx4w==</Q><DP>t+JQbemN0Zi5FQaif6MZzHYKynpNTl75aE0Wj5Pa+RlNr8N6bXNe8Bw/HM2Jw4HQ5oJASvYUk3DVlHS4JuP8VQ==</DP><DQ>lT62iv9brp9mU/epgVh71SH8PJPIZEJfo6tryjyb0zMMNcqvmZI1z6aCv0mm3+vPFBUXqCF1yhFj7n4l8FAvSw==</DQ><InverseQ>flrvgxHvf4l+fdymEVDgKjsfGqshOpppoNgZj9kpeWBto3o8z++Ki6eSLQT3nVnpx2QCZeTWkxTED4nhSLKscw==</InverseQ><D>cQTCg1Eqk7sltmFYxUYgOP/AOPjSufteG9acYwYymPkvZh6rAuY+rSRBmvGE62NUYskzuB/gM6iG2/2HrA5SixfNgCvZ+nsK+kX5pzQRsYdD71ViQW0hOanXwj45I2zHRgBiuTtCUP0fs5pISmQkaeJkDL5pO2l+wvlgl+wunj0=</D></RSAKeyValue>";
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
byte[] cipherbytes;
rsa.FromXmlString(privatekey);
cipherbytes = rsa.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(content), false);
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(cipherbytes);
}
#endregion
如何將公鑰為XML格式轉為PEM格式？
需要依賴一個第三方庫锌雀，叫BouncyCastle
在線獲取安裝包的代碼如下：
PM > Install-Package BouncyCastle
如果不知道怎么打開vs2013 控制臺的請看下面
tips：打開VS2013控制臺方法
打開VS2013控制臺方法.png
安裝第三方庫成功圖示.png
方法一：在線轉換
如何將密鑰XML格式和PEM格式互轉蚂夕？【tips：這里說的是密鑰，公鑰使用其他方法】
一腋逆、將XML格式密鑰轉PEM
public static void XMLConvertToPEM()//XML格式密鑰轉PEM
{
var rsa2 = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
using (var sr = new StreamReader("e:\\PrivateKey.xml"))
{
rsa2.FromXmlString(sr.ReadToEnd());
}
var p = rsa2.ExportParameters(true);
var key = new RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters(
new BigInteger(1, p.Modulus), new BigInteger(1, p.Exponent), new BigInteger(1, p.D),
new BigInteger(1, p.P), new BigInteger(1, p.Q), new BigInteger(1, p.DP), new BigInteger(1, p.DQ),
new BigInteger(1, p.InverseQ));
using (var sw = new StreamWriter("e:\\PrivateKey.pem"))
{
var pemWriter = new Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl.PemWriter(sw);
pemWriter.WriteObject(key);
}
}
一婿牍、將PEM格式密鑰轉XML
public static void PEMConvertToXML()//PEM格式密鑰轉XML
{
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keyPair;
using (var sr = new StreamReader("e:\\PrivateKey.pem"))
{
var pemReader = new Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl.PemReader(sr);
keyPair = (AsymmetricCipherKeyPair)pemReader.ReadObject();
}
var key = (RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters)keyPair.Private;
var p = new RSAParameters
{
Modulus = key.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
Exponent = key.PublicExponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
D = key.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
P = key.P.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
Q = key.Q.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
DP = key.DP.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
DQ = key.DQ.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
InverseQ = key.QInv.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
};
var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
rsa.ImportParameters(p);
using (var sw = new StreamWriter("e:\\PrivateKey.xml"))
{
sw.Write(rsa.ToXmlString(true));
}
}
其他【tips：待測試】
CER和pfx證書.png
生成公鑰.png
----------------------------------------------分割線-----------------------------------
下面的代碼為object-C（來源于網絡）
文件1:rsa.m（object-c）
/*
@author: ideawu
@link: https://github.com/ideawu/Objective-C-RSA
*/
#import "RSA.h"
#import <Security/Security.h>
@implementation RSA
/*
static NSString *base64_encode(NSString *str){
NSData* data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
if(!data){
return nil;
}
return base64_encode_data(data);
}
*/
static NSString *base64_encode_data(NSData *data){
data = [data base64EncodedDataWithOptions:0];
NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return ret;
}
static NSData *base64_decode(NSString *str){
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
return data;
}
+ (NSData *)stripPublicKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key{
// Skip ASN.1 public key header
if (d_key == nil) return(nil);
unsigned long len = [d_key length];
if (!len) return(nil);
unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];
unsigned int idx = 0;
if (c_key[idx++] != 0x30) return(nil);
if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
else idx++;
// PKCS #1 rsaEncryption szOID_RSA_RSA
static unsigned char seqiod[] =
{ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };
if (memcmp(&c_key[idx], seqiod, 15)) return(nil);
idx += 15;
if (c_key[idx++] != 0x03) return(nil);
if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
else idx++;
if (c_key[idx++] != '\0') return(nil);
// Now make a new NSData from this buffer
return([NSData dataWithBytes:&c_key[idx] length:len - idx]);
}
//credit: http://hg.mozilla.org/services/fx-home/file/tip/Sources/NetworkAndStorage/CryptoUtils.m#l1036
+ (NSData *)stripPrivateKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key{
// Skip ASN.1 private key header
if (d_key == nil) return(nil);
unsigned long len = [d_key length];
if (!len) return(nil);
unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];
unsigned int idx = 22; //magic byte at offset 22
if (0x04 != c_key[idx++]) return nil;
//calculate length of the key
unsigned int c_len = c_key[idx++];
int det = c_len & 0x80;
if (!det) {
c_len = c_len & 0x7f;
} else {
int byteCount = c_len & 0x7f;
if (byteCount + idx > len) {
//rsa length field longer than buffer
return nil;
}
unsigned int accum = 0;
unsigned char *ptr = &c_key[idx];
idx += byteCount;
while (byteCount) {
accum = (accum << 8) + *ptr;
ptr++;
byteCount--;
}
c_len = accum;
}
// Now make a new NSData from this buffer
return [d_key subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(idx, c_len)];
}
+ (SecKeyRef)addPublicKey:(NSString *)key{
NSRange spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"];
NSRange epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"];
if(spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){
NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;
NSUInteger e = epos.location;
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e-s);
key = [key substringWithRange:range];
}
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
// This will be base64 encoded, decode it.
NSData *data = base64_decode(key);
data = [RSA stripPublicKeyHeader:data];
if(!data){
return nil;
}
//a tag to read/write keychain storage
NSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PubKey";
NSData *d_tag = [NSData dataWithBytes:[tag UTF8String] length:[tag length]];
// Delete any old lingering key with the same tag
NSMutableDictionary *publicKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
[publicKey setObject:d_tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey);
// Add persistent version of the key to system keychain
[publicKey setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPublic forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecAttrKeyClass];
[publicKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecReturnPersistentRef];
CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey, &persistKey);
if (persistKey != nil){
CFRelease(persistKey);
}
if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem)) {
return nil;
}
[publicKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[publicKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
[publicKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
// Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the key
SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
status = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
if(status != noErr){
return nil;
}
return keyRef;
}
+ (SecKeyRef)addPrivateKey:(NSString *)key{
NSRange spos;
NSRange epos;
spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];
if(spos.length > 0){
epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];
}else{
spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----"];
epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"];
}
if(spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){
NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;
NSUInteger e = epos.location;
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e-s);
key = [key substringWithRange:range];
}
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
// This will be base64 encoded, decode it.
NSData *data = base64_decode(key);
data = [RSA stripPrivateKeyHeader:data];
if(!data){
return nil;
}
//a tag to read/write keychain storage
NSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PrivKey";
NSData *d_tag = [NSData dataWithBytes:[tag UTF8String] length:[tag length]];
// Delete any old lingering key with the same tag
NSMutableDictionary *privateKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
[privateKey setObject:d_tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey);
// Add persistent version of the key to system keychain
[privateKey setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecAttrKeyClass];
[privateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecReturnPersistentRef];
CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey, &persistKey);
if (persistKey != nil){
CFRelease(persistKey);
}
if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem)) {
return nil;
}
[privateKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[privateKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
[privateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
// Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the key
SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
status = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
if(status != noErr){
return nil;
}
return keyRef;
}
/* START: Encryption & Decryption with RSA private key */
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef) keyRef{
const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
void *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
size_t src_block_size = block_size - 11;
NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
for(int idx=0; idx<srclen; idx+=src_block_size){
//NSLog(@"%d/%d block_size: %d", idx, (int)srclen, (int)block_size);
size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
if(data_len > src_block_size){
data_len = src_block_size;
}
size_t outlen = block_size;
OSStatus status = noErr;
status = SecKeyEncrypt(keyRef,
kSecPaddingPKCS1,
srcbuf + idx,
data_len,
outbuf,
&outlen
);
if (status != 0) {
// NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", status);
ret = nil;
break;
}else{
[ret appendBytes:outbuf length:outlen];
}
}
free(outbuf);
CFRelease(keyRef);
return ret;
}
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey{
NSData *data = [RSA encryptData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] privateKey:privKey];
NSString *ret = base64_encode_data(data);
return ret;
}
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey{
if(!data || !privKey){
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef keyRef = [RSA addPrivateKey:privKey];
if(!keyRef){
return nil;
}
return [RSA encryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef) keyRef{
const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
UInt8 *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
size_t src_block_size = block_size;
NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
for(int idx=0; idx<srclen; idx+=src_block_size){
//NSLog(@"%d/%d block_size: %d", idx, (int)srclen, (int)block_size);
size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
if(data_len > src_block_size){
data_len = src_block_size;
}
size_t outlen = block_size;
OSStatus status = noErr;
status = SecKeyDecrypt(keyRef,
kSecPaddingNone,
srcbuf + idx,
data_len,
outbuf,
&outlen
);
if (status != 0) {
// NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", status);
ret = nil;
break;
}else{
//the actual decrypted data is in the middle, locate it!
int idxFirstZero = -1;
int idxNextZero = (int)outlen;
for ( int i = 0; i < outlen; i++ ) {
if ( outbuf[i] == 0 ) {
if ( idxFirstZero < 0 ) {
idxFirstZero = i;
} else {
idxNextZero = i;
break;
}
}
}
[ret appendBytes:&outbuf[idxFirstZero+1] length:idxNextZero-idxFirstZero-1];
}
}
free(outbuf);
CFRelease(keyRef);
return ret;
}
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey{
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
data = [RSA decryptData:data privateKey:privKey];
NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return ret;
}
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey{
if(!data || !privKey){
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef keyRef = [RSA addPrivateKey:privKey];
if(!keyRef){
return nil;
}
return [RSA decryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}
/* END: Encryption & Decryption with RSA private key */
/* START: Encryption & Decryption with RSA public key */
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
NSData *data = [RSA encryptData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] publicKey:pubKey];
NSString *ret = base64_encode_data(data);
return ret;
}
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
if(!data || !pubKey){
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef keyRef = [RSA addPublicKey:pubKey];
if(!keyRef){
return nil;
}
return [RSA encryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
data = [RSA decryptData:data publicKey:pubKey];
NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return ret;
}
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
if(!data || !pubKey){
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef keyRef = [RSA addPublicKey:pubKey];
if(!keyRef){
return nil;
}
return [RSA decryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}
/* END: Encryption & Decryption with RSA public key */
@end
文件2:rsa.h（object-c）
/*
@author: ideawu
@link: https://github.com/ideawu/Objective-C-RSA
*/
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface RSA : NSObject
// return base64 encoded string
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey;
// return raw data
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey;
// return base64 encoded string
// enc with private key NOT working YET!
//+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey;
// return raw data
//+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey;
// decrypt base64 encoded string, convert result to string(not base64 encoded)
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey;
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey;
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey;
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey;
@end
