在開發(fā)中,我們很容易遇到這樣的需求瓦宜,需要我們同時做多個網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求蔚万,所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求都完成后才能進行下一步的操作。如下載多個圖片临庇,下載完了才能展示反璃。
今天我們就來研究一下這個問題的解決方案。
1.首先假夺,我們創(chuàng)建一個項目淮蜈,然后做一般性的做法,不做任何處理去連續(xù)請求一個接口10次:
先在viewDidLoad中創(chuàng)建第一種情況.
//1.無處理
UIButton *Btn1 = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
Btn1.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 40);
Btn1.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
[Btn1 setTitle:@"noConduct" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[Btn1 addTarget:self action:@selector(Btn1) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:Btn1];
實現(xiàn)第一種情況的方法
//1.noConduct
-(void)Btn1{
NSString *str = @"http://www.reibang.com/p/6930f335adba";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:str];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@"%d---%d",i,i);
}];
[task resume];
}
NSLog(@"end");
}
運行已卷,看看我們的控制臺輸出:
2017-12-04 17:10:10.503 DownImage[3289:261033] end
2017-12-04 17:10:10.676 DownImage[3289:261080] 0---0
2017-12-04 17:10:10.704 DownImage[3289:261080] 1---1
2017-12-04 17:10:10.754 DownImage[3289:261096] 4---4
2017-12-04 17:10:10.760 DownImage[3289:261080] 2---2
2017-12-04 17:10:10.800 DownImage[3289:261096] 5---5
2017-12-04 17:10:10.840 DownImage[3289:261080] 7---7
2017-12-04 17:10:10.844 DownImage[3289:261082] 6---6
2017-12-04 17:10:10.846 DownImage[3289:261096] 3---3
2017-12-04 17:10:10.888 DownImage[3289:261096] 8---8
2017-12-04 17:10:10.945 DownImage[3289:261080] 9---9
很明顯梧田,無任何處理情況下,end最先被打印出來,由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求的異步回調(diào)柿扣,然后各個網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求的回調(diào)順序是無序的肖方。
2.使用GCD的dispatch_group_t
viewDidLoad里:
//2.group
UIButton *Btn2 = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
Btn2.frame = CGRectMake(100, 200, 100, 40);
Btn2.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
[Btn2 setTitle:@"group--" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[Btn2 addTarget:self action:@selector(Btn2) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:Btn2];
實現(xiàn):
//2.group--
-(void)Btn2{
NSString *str = @"http://www.reibang.com/p/6930f335adba";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:str];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
dispatch_group_t downloadGroup = dispatch_group_create();
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
dispatch_group_enter(downloadGroup);
NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@"%d---%d",i,i);
dispatch_group_leave(downloadGroup);
}];
[task resume];
}
dispatch_group_notify(downloadGroup, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"end");
});
}
運行看看控制臺輸出:
2017-12-04 17:14:46.984 DownImage[3289:265374] 2---2
2017-12-04 17:14:46.987 DownImage[3289:265370] 1---1
2017-12-04 17:14:47.052 DownImage[3289:265383] 5---5
2017-12-04 17:14:47.065 DownImage[3289:265370] 4---4
2017-12-04 17:14:47.111 DownImage[3289:265379] 3---3
2017-12-04 17:14:47.121 DownImage[3289:265383] 6---6
2017-12-04 17:14:47.169 DownImage[3289:265383] 7---7
2017-12-04 17:14:47.192 DownImage[3289:265370] 9---9
2017-12-04 17:14:47.321 DownImage[3289:265383] 8---8
2017-12-04 17:14:47.747 DownImage[3289:265374] 0---0
2017-12-04 17:14:47.747 DownImage[3289:261033] end
2017-12-04 17:15:14.576 DownImage[3289:265942] 3---3
2017-12-04 17:15:14.626 DownImage[3289:265936] 2---2
2017-12-04 17:15:14.647 DownImage[3289:265944] 4---4
2017-12-04 17:15:14.648 DownImage[3289:265936] 0---0
2017-12-04 17:15:14.657 DownImage[3289:265943] 1---1
2017-12-04 17:15:14.709 DownImage[3289:265944] 5---5
2017-12-04 17:15:14.728 DownImage[3289:265944] 6---6
2017-12-04 17:15:14.734 DownImage[3289:265944] 7---7
2017-12-04 17:15:14.738 DownImage[3289:265943] 8---8
2017-12-04 17:15:14.816 DownImage[3289:265944] 9---9
2017-12-04 17:15:14.816 DownImage[3289:261033] end
從上兩次輸出可以看出闺魏,end確實是在所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求之后才輸出出來未状,這也是符合了我們的需求。
代碼中我們只添加了4行代碼
dispatch_group_t downloadGroup = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_group_enter(downloadGroup);
dispatch_group_leave(downloadGroup);
dispatch_group_notify(downloadGroup, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
});
對以上4行代碼可理解為:創(chuàng)建一個dispatch_group_t析桥, 每次網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求前先dispatch_group_enter,請求回調(diào)后再dispatch_group_leave,對于enter和leave必須配合使用司草,有幾次enter就要有幾次leave,否則group會一直存在泡仗。當所有enter的block都leave后埋虹,會執(zhí)行dispatch_group_notify的block。
3.使用GCD的信號量dispatch_semaphore_t
//3.semaphore
UIButton *Btn3 = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
Btn3.frame = CGRectMake(100, 300, 100, 40);
Btn3.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
[Btn3 setTitle:@"semaphore" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[Btn3 addTarget:self action:@selector(Btn3) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:Btn3];
//3.semaphore--
-(void)Btn3{
NSString *str = @"http://www.reibang.com/p/6930f335adba";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:str];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
dispatch_semaphore_t sem = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@"%d---%d",i,i);
count++;
if (count==10) {
dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem);
count = 0;
}
}];
[task resume];
}
dispatch_semaphore_wait(sem, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"end");
});
}
運行看看控制臺輸出:
2017-12-04 17:36:49.098 DownImage[3428:283651] 2---2
2017-12-04 17:36:49.144 DownImage[3428:284210] 0---0
2017-12-04 17:36:49.152 DownImage[3428:284213] 3---3
2017-12-04 17:36:49.158 DownImage[3428:283651] 1---1
2017-12-04 17:36:49.167 DownImage[3428:284210] 4---4
2017-12-04 17:36:49.235 DownImage[3428:284213] 8---8
2017-12-04 17:36:49.249 DownImage[3428:283651] 5---5
2017-12-04 17:36:49.252 DownImage[3428:283651] 7---7
2017-12-04 17:36:49.324 DownImage[3428:283651] 9---9
2017-12-04 17:36:49.468 DownImage[3428:284214] 6---6
2017-12-04 17:36:49.469 DownImage[3428:283554] end
2017-12-04 17:37:11.554 DownImage[3428:284747] 0---0
2017-12-04 17:37:11.555 DownImage[3428:284733] 1---1
2017-12-04 17:37:11.627 DownImage[3428:284748] 5---5
2017-12-04 17:37:11.661 DownImage[3428:284748] 2---2
2017-12-04 17:37:11.688 DownImage[3428:284747] 4---4
2017-12-04 17:37:11.709 DownImage[3428:284747] 6---6
2017-12-04 17:37:11.770 DownImage[3428:284733] 7---7
2017-12-04 17:37:11.774 DownImage[3428:284733] 8---8
2017-12-04 17:37:11.824 DownImage[3428:284747] 9---9
2017-12-04 17:37:11.899 DownImage[3428:284733] 3---3
2017-12-04 17:37:11.900 DownImage[3428:283554] end
從輸出可以看出娩怎,這樣的方法也是滿足我們的需求的搔课,在這個方法中,我們使用了
dispatch_semaphore_t sem = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem);
dispatch_semaphore_wait(sem, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
對這三句代碼可以這樣理解:dispatch_semaphore信號量為基于計數(shù)器的一種多線程同步機制截亦。如果semaphore計數(shù)大于等于1爬泥,計數(shù)-1,返回崩瓤,程序繼續(xù)運行袍啡。如果計數(shù)為0,則等待却桶。dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore)為計數(shù)+1操作,dispatch_semaphore_wait(sema, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER)為設(shè)置等待時間境输,這里設(shè)置的等待時間是一直等待。
對于以上代碼通俗一點就是颖系,開始為0嗅剖,等待,等10個網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求都完成了嘁扼,dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore)為計數(shù)+1信粮,然后計數(shù)-1返回,程序繼續(xù)執(zhí)行偷拔。 (這里也就是為什么有個count變量的原因蒋院,記錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)回調(diào)的次數(shù),回調(diào)10次之后再發(fā)信號量莲绰,使后面程序繼續(xù)運行)欺旧。
4.考慮新需求,10個網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求順序回調(diào)蛤签。
需求需要順序回調(diào)辞友,即執(zhí)行完第一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求后,第二個網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求回調(diào)才可被執(zhí)行,簡單來講就是輸出得是0,1,2,3...9這種方式的称龙。
對于這個需求我也是根據(jù)自己最近做的項目來提的留拾,因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求回調(diào)的異步性,我們雖可以控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求的順序執(zhí)行鲫尊,卻不能控制它的完成回調(diào)順序痴柔。這就有點傷了,目前我項目是找到了解決方案疫向,但這個問題還沒有找到解決辦法咳蔚,提出來跟大家討論一下。(請忽略網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求執(zhí)行搔驼,回調(diào)谈火,在回調(diào)里請求下一個接口的辦法,討論還有沒有別的方法,最好show the code).
最后舌涨,貼點NSOperation的代碼糯耍,為了解決新需求所寫,由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求回調(diào)異步性不能滿足需求囊嘉,但若不是網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求等異步回調(diào)的方式温技,這樣的做法是可以的,大家可以試試.
//4.NSOperation
UIButton *Btn4 = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
Btn4.frame = CGRectMake(100, 400, 100, 40);
Btn4.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
[Btn4 setTitle:@"NSOperation" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[Btn4 addTarget:self action:@selector(Btn4) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:Btn4];
//4.NSOperation
-(void)Btn4{
NSString *str = @"http://www.reibang.com/p/6930f335adba";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:str];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
NSMutableArray *operationArr = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
NSBlockOperation *operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@"%d---%d",i,i);
}];
[task resume];
//非網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求
NSLog(@"noRequest-%d",i);
}];
[operationArr addObject:operation];
if (i>0) {
NSBlockOperation *operation1 = operationArr[i-1];
NSBlockOperation *operation2 = operationArr[i];
[operation2 addDependency:operation1];
}
}
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
[queue addOperations:operationArr waitUntilFinished:NO]; //YES會阻塞當前線程
#warning - 絕對不要在應(yīng)用主線程中等待一個Operation,只能在第二或次要線程中等待哗伯。阻塞主線程將導(dǎo)致應(yīng)用無法響應(yīng)用戶事件,應(yīng)用也將表現(xiàn)為無響應(yīng)荒揣。
}
運行結(jié)果:
2017-12-04 18:03:10.224 DownImage[3584:304363] noRequest-0
2017-12-04 18:03:10.226 DownImage[3584:304362] noRequest-1
2017-12-04 18:03:10.226 DownImage[3584:304363] noRequest-2
2017-12-04 18:03:10.231 DownImage[3584:304363] noRequest-3
2017-12-04 18:03:10.232 DownImage[3584:304362] noRequest-4
2017-12-04 18:03:10.233 DownImage[3584:304362] noRequest-5
2017-12-04 18:03:10.233 DownImage[3584:304363] noRequest-6
2017-12-04 18:03:10.234 DownImage[3584:304363] noRequest-7
2017-12-04 18:03:10.235 DownImage[3584:304363] noRequest-8
2017-12-04 18:03:10.236 DownImage[3584:304363] noRequest-9
2017-12-04 18:03:10.408 DownImage[3584:304597] 2---2
2017-12-04 18:03:10.408 DownImage[3584:304597] 0---0
2017-12-04 18:03:10.409 DownImage[3584:304597] 1---1
2017-12-04 18:03:10.461 DownImage[3584:304597] 5---5
2017-12-04 18:03:10.476 DownImage[3584:304363] 4---4
2017-12-04 18:03:10.477 DownImage[3584:304365] 6---6
2017-12-04 18:03:10.518 DownImage[3584:304365] 7---7
2017-12-04 18:03:10.537 DownImage[3584:304596] 8---8
2017-12-04 18:03:10.547 DownImage[3584:304362] 9---9
2017-12-04 18:03:11.837 DownImage[3584:304362] 3---3
2017-12-04 18:04:27.699 DownImage[3584:306401] noRequest-0
2017-12-04 18:04:27.700 DownImage[3584:306405] noRequest-1
2017-12-04 18:04:27.701 DownImage[3584:306401] noRequest-2
2017-12-04 18:04:27.701 DownImage[3584:306405] noRequest-3
2017-12-04 18:04:27.702 DownImage[3584:306401] noRequest-4
2017-12-04 18:04:27.702 DownImage[3584:306405] noRequest-5
2017-12-04 18:04:27.703 DownImage[3584:306401] noRequest-6
2017-12-04 18:04:27.703 DownImage[3584:306401] noRequest-7
2017-12-04 18:04:27.704 DownImage[3584:306401] noRequest-8
2017-12-04 18:04:27.704 DownImage[3584:306401] noRequest-9
2017-12-04 18:04:27.772 DownImage[3584:306397] 2---2
2017-12-04 18:04:27.779 DownImage[3584:306401] 0---0
2017-12-04 18:04:27.782 DownImage[3584:306409] 1---1
2017-12-04 18:04:27.800 DownImage[3584:306405] 3---3
2017-12-04 18:04:27.851 DownImage[3584:306401] 6---6
2017-12-04 18:04:27.855 DownImage[3584:306397] 5---5
2017-12-04 18:04:27.915 DownImage[3584:306397] 7---7
2017-12-04 18:04:27.951 DownImage[3584:306397] 9---9
2017-12-04 18:04:27.953 DownImage[3584:306405] 8---8
2017-12-04 18:04:28.476 DownImage[3584:306409] 4---4
5.還是使用信號量semaphore完成4的需求
//5.semaphore---order
UIButton *Btn5 = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
Btn5.frame = CGRectMake(100, 500, 100, 40);
Btn5.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
[Btn5 setTitle:@"order" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[Btn5 addTarget:self action:@selector(Btn5) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:Btn5];
//5.semaphore--order
-(void)Btn5{
NSString *str = @"http://www.reibang.com/p/6930f335adba";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:str];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
dispatch_semaphore_t sem = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@"%d---%d",i,i);
dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem);
}];
[task resume];
dispatch_semaphore_wait(sem, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
}
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"end");
});
}
我們看看運行結(jié)果:
2017-12-05 10:17:28.175 DownImage[938:51296] 0---0
2017-12-05 10:17:28.331 DownImage[938:51289] 1---1
2017-12-05 10:17:28.506 DownImage[938:51289] 2---2
2017-12-05 10:17:28.563 DownImage[938:51289] 3---3
2017-12-05 10:17:28.662 DownImage[938:51289] 4---4
2017-12-05 10:17:28.733 DownImage[938:51296] 5---5
2017-12-05 10:17:28.792 DownImage[938:51296] 6---6
2017-12-05 10:17:28.856 DownImage[938:51286] 7---7
2017-12-05 10:17:29.574 DownImage[938:51289] 8---8
2017-12-05 10:17:29.652 DownImage[938:51286] 9---9
2017-12-05 10:17:29.653 DownImage[938:45252] end
2017-12-05 10:17:46.341 DownImage[938:51608] 0---0
2017-12-05 10:17:47.967 DownImage[938:51607] 1---1
2017-12-05 10:17:48.038 DownImage[938:51603] 2---2
2017-12-05 10:17:48.132 DownImage[938:51603] 3---3
2017-12-05 10:17:48.421 DownImage[938:51608] 4---4
2017-12-05 10:17:48.537 DownImage[938:51289] 5---5
2017-12-05 10:17:48.646 DownImage[938:51289] 6---6
2017-12-05 10:17:48.939 DownImage[938:51289] 7---7
2017-12-05 10:17:50.537 DownImage[938:51607] 8---8
2017-12-05 10:17:50.615 DownImage[938:51289] 9---9
2017-12-05 10:17:50.616 DownImage[938:45252] end
我們對比 3 的代碼,3 中我們只在最后也就是循環(huán)結(jié)束后調(diào)用dispatch_semaphore_wait(sem, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER)焊刹,循環(huán)中當網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求回調(diào)10次(也就是都回調(diào)完)后系任,使傳入的信號量加1:( dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem) ),這時等待結(jié)束,然后進行后續(xù)的操作虐块。
在這個方法里俩滥,我們每一次遍歷,都讓其dispatch_semaphore_wait(sem, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER)贺奠,這個時候線程會等待霜旧,阻塞當前線程,直到dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem)調(diào)用之后儡率,而我們dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem)是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求的回調(diào)里調(diào)用的挂据,所以這個方法的邏輯是:
遍歷—>發(fā)起任務(wù)—>等待—>任務(wù)完成信號量加1—>等待結(jié)束,開始下一個任務(wù)
發(fā)起任務(wù)—>等待—>任務(wù)完成信號量加1—>等待結(jié)束,開始下一個任務(wù)
發(fā)起任務(wù)—>等待—>任務(wù)完成信號量加1—>等待結(jié)束,開始下一個任務(wù)
這樣循環(huán)的模式,一個任務(wù)完成才能接著去做下面的任務(wù),滿足我們的需求儿普。
但我們也要發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個問題崎逃,我們使用這種方式,可以明顯感覺出整個過程需要花費的時間大大增加了眉孩,不像我們 3 中同時(幾乎)開啟任務(wù)等待完成回調(diào)个绍,這里是一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求發(fā)出勒葱,等待,完成后發(fā)出第二個網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求巴柿,等待凛虽,完成后再發(fā)出第三個,這樣我們等待的時間是10個網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求每一個回調(diào)時間的和广恢,在時間上大大增加了消耗凯旋,而且對于dispatch_semaphore_wait(sem, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER),它是會阻塞線程的袁波,我們?nèi)绻枰诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)請求完成后修改UI瓦阐,那這種方式會影響我們的界面交互,接下來我們對比一下兩者時間消耗:
3-------------3----------3-------
2017-12-05 10:29:51.178 DownImage[938:56971] 2---2
2017-12-05 10:29:51.193 DownImage[938:57200] 0---0
2017-12-05 10:29:51.202 DownImage[938:56631] 3---3
2017-12-05 10:29:51.248 DownImage[938:56971] 1---1
2017-12-05 10:29:51.262 DownImage[938:56971] 5---5
2017-12-05 10:29:51.291 DownImage[938:56631] 6---6
2017-12-05 10:29:51.375 DownImage[938:56631] 7---7
2017-12-05 10:29:51.384 DownImage[938:56631] 4---4
2017-12-05 10:29:51.434 DownImage[938:56971] 8---8
2017-12-05 10:29:51.487 DownImage[938:57199] 9---9
2017-12-05 10:29:51.488 DownImage[938:45252] end
5-------------5----------5-------
2017-12-05 10:29:52.190 DownImage[938:56631] 0---0
2017-12-05 10:29:52.304 DownImage[938:57199] 1---1
2017-12-05 10:29:52.432 DownImage[938:56971] 2---2
2017-12-05 10:29:52.520 DownImage[938:56971] 3---3
2017-12-05 10:29:52.576 DownImage[938:56631] 4---4
2017-12-05 10:29:52.628 DownImage[938:56971] 5---5
2017-12-05 10:29:52.706 DownImage[938:56631] 6---6
2017-12-05 10:29:52.764 DownImage[938:56971] 7---7
2017-12-05 10:29:52.853 DownImage[938:56631] 8---8
2017-12-05 10:29:52.925 DownImage[938:56971] 9---9
2017-12-05 10:29:52.926 DownImage[938:45252] end
看得出3花費時間為51.488 - 51.178約300多ms
--- ---5花費時間為52.926 - 52.190約700多ms
所以大家還請謹慎使用。