7. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would/ should do)
用法:表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事。
例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四說(shuō)我將于第二天拜訪(fǎng)我的朋友。)
注意事項(xiàng):由于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是由過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)組合而成的税肪,所以其注意事項(xiàng)可以參考過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
8. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)
用法:A) 表示在過(guò)去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作曾撤。
例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分鐘前夜赵,瑪麗正在聽(tīng)輕音樂(lè)踱承。)
B) 如果when, while這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過(guò)去時(shí)潦闲,則另一個(gè)句子常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)攒菠。
例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前門(mén)時(shí)我正在洗頭發(fā)。)歉闰。
注意事項(xiàng):其它與將來(lái)時(shí)有關(guān)的事項(xiàng)請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)下面所講的一般將來(lái)時(shí)
9. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
用法:A) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do要尔。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我們將送給她一個(gè)玻璃的手工制品,作為給她的生日禮物新娜。)
B) 有些動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等既绩,用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí)概龄,并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,可以表示將來(lái)時(shí)饲握。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我媽媽下周將來(lái)看我私杜,并會(huì)呆到5月蚕键。)
C) 表示“打算去……,要……”時(shí)衰粹,可用be going to do锣光。
例:This is just what I am going to say.(這正是我想說(shuō)的。)
D) 表示“即將铝耻、正要”時(shí)誊爹,可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事瓢捉。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(別擔(dān)心频丘,我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。)
E) "be to do"的5種用法:
a) 表示“按計(jì)劃泡态、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”搂漠。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見(jiàn)到她。)
b) 該做或不該做的事情(語(yǔ)氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to)某弦,表示一種命令桐汤、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們靶壮,你們必須 上床睡覺(jué)怔毛,不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了亮钦。)
c) 能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近c(diǎn)an, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢馆截?)
d) 不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情,后來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情蜂莉。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是:attend表示“處理蜡娶,解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,必須與to連用映穗。另外窖张,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決蚁滋,所以應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)宿接。答案是B。
e) 用于條件從句“如果……想辕录,設(shè)想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be睦霎。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必須作出更大努力來(lái)增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量走诞「迸”
F) 同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing蚣旱。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教練想要放棄這場(chǎng)比賽了碑幅,因?yàn)閷?duì)方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7個(gè)球戴陡。)
例:I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組沟涨,意思是“正要恤批、打算”。全句的意思是:“當(dāng)他的信到的時(shí)候我正要打電話(huà)給他裹赴∠才樱”
注意事項(xiàng):
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)篮昧。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)赋荆,可用完成時(shí)。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來(lái)的時(shí)候懊昨,他的身體已經(jīng)好多了窄潭。)
10. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing)
用法:強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。
例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(別擔(dān)心酵颁,你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的嫉你。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。)
注意事項(xiàng):由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)融合在一起的躏惋,所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)幽污,可參考"一般將來(lái)時(shí)"和"現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)"的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
11. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will have done)
用法:表示從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始簿姨、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)距误,或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間,但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)扁位。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)段一樣准潭。其用法從和過(guò)去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān),變成了和將來(lái)及將來(lái)的將來(lái)有關(guān)域仇。
例: The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
A) must have lasted B) will have lasted
C) would last D) has lasted
本題考核謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)刑然。全句的意思是:“會(huì)議從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期∠疚瘢”句中by the time it ends表示動(dòng)作要延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻泼掠,因此要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。答案是B) will have lasted垦细。如果選A)择镇,因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞must后面接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)形式表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測(cè),而本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended括改,所以犯了時(shí)態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤腻豌。Would雖可以表示推測(cè)或可能性,但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作,所以C) would last錯(cuò)誤饲梭。因?yàn)镈) has lasted是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作焰檩,不能表示延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作憔涉,所以也不正確。
注意事項(xiàng):由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)融合在一起的析苫,所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)兜叨,可以參考“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”和“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
12)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):shall have been doing 妈嘹,will have been doing
例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下個(gè)月底為止爵政,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了薇芝。)(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
13)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):had been doing
例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個(gè)舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了跪但。)(此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。)(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
14) 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):should be doing , would be doing
例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾說(shuō)第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建峦萎。)(此句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間屡久,所以最好用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。)(此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
15) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí):should have done , would have done
例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅(jiān)信到那年年底為止爱榔,那個(gè)軟件的新版本將被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)被环。但是我錯(cuò)了。)(此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
16) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):should have been doing , would have been doing
例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他們說(shuō)到第二個(gè)月底為止详幽,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了筛欢。)