Spring Cloud客戶端負(fù)載均衡 - Ribbon

RestTemplate簡單示例

注冊restTemplate

@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
}

使用restTemplate發(fā)送GET請求

@RequestMapping("/ask")
public String getHello(@RequestParam(value = "name",required = false) String name) {
    return restTemplate.getForEntity("http://SERVICE-NAME/hello?hello={1}",String.class,name).getBody();
}
源碼分析

通過@LoadBalanced注解可知該注解用來給restTemplate做標(biāo)記炸站，使用客戶端負(fù)載均衡進(jìn)行配置，搜索LoadBalancerClient類

public interface LoadBalancerClient extends ServiceInstanceChooser {
    <T> T execute(String serviceId, LoadBalancerRequest<T> request) throws IOException;

    <T> T execute(String serviceId, ServiceInstance serviceInstance, LoadBalancerRequest<T> request) throws IOException;

    URI reconstructURI(ServiceInstance instance, URI original);
}

ServiceInstanceChooser用來根據(jù)serviceId進(jìn)行選擇服務(wù)

public interface ServiceInstanceChooser {
    ServiceInstance choose(String serviceId);
}

通過以上得知疚顷，客戶端負(fù)載均衡器應(yīng)具備的幾種能力

  1. 根據(jù)傳入的服務(wù)名旱易，從負(fù)載均衡器中選擇一個(gè)對應(yīng)服務(wù)的實(shí)例
  2. 從選擇的負(fù)載均衡器中的服務(wù)實(shí)例來發(fā)送請求
  3. 構(gòu)建一個(gè)合適請求URI

LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration為實(shí)現(xiàn)客戶端負(fù)載均衡器的自動(dòng)化配置類

@Configuration(
    proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@ConditionalOnClass({RestTemplate.class})
@ConditionalOnBean({LoadBalancerClient.class})
@EnableConfigurationProperties({LoadBalancerRetryProperties.class})
public class LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration {
    ...

    @Bean
    public SmartInitializingSingleton loadBalancedRestTemplateInitializerDeprecated(final ObjectProvider<List<RestTemplateCustomizer>> restTemplateCustomizers) {
        return () -> {
            restTemplateCustomizers.ifAvailable((customizers) -> {
                Iterator var2 = this.restTemplates.iterator();

                while(var2.hasNext()) {
                    RestTemplate restTemplate = (RestTemplate)var2.next();
                    Iterator var4 = customizers.iterator();

                    while(var4.hasNext()) {
                        RestTemplateCustomizer customizer = (RestTemplateCustomizer)var4.next();
                        customizer.customize(restTemplate);
                    }
                }

            });
        };
    }
    
    ...

    @Configuration(
        proxyBeanMethods = false
    )
    @ConditionalOnMissingClass({"org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate"})
    static class LoadBalancerInterceptorConfig {
        LoadBalancerInterceptorConfig() {
        }

        @Bean
        public LoadBalancerInterceptor ribbonInterceptor(LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient, LoadBalancerRequestFactory requestFactory) {
            return new LoadBalancerInterceptor(loadBalancerClient, requestFactory);
        }

        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        public RestTemplateCustomizer restTemplateCustomizer(final LoadBalancerInterceptor loadBalancerInterceptor) {
            return (restTemplate) -> {
                List<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor> list = new ArrayList(restTemplate.getInterceptors());
                list.add(loadBalancerInterceptor);
                restTemplate.setInterceptors(list);
            };
        }
    }
}

該配置類需要滿足兩個(gè)條件

  1. RestTemplate必須在工程目錄下
  2. 必須有LoadBalancerClient類的實(shí)例

在示例中沒有retryTemplate，則會(huì)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)LoadBalancerInterceptor對象

@Configuration(
    proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@ConditionalOnMissingClass({"org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate"})
static class LoadBalancerInterceptorConfig {
    LoadBalancerInterceptorConfig() {
    }

    @Bean
    public LoadBalancerInterceptor ribbonInterceptor(LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient, LoadBalancerRequestFactory requestFactory) {
        return new LoadBalancerInterceptor(loadBalancerClient, requestFactory);
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public RestTemplateCustomizer restTemplateCustomizer(final LoadBalancerInterceptor loadBalancerInterceptor) {
        return (restTemplate) -> {
            List<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor> list = new ArrayList(restTemplate.getInterceptors());
            list.add(loadBalancerInterceptor);
            restTemplate.setInterceptors(list);
        };
    }
}

在LoadBalancerInterceptor的構(gòu)造方法中注入了LoadBalancerClient的實(shí)現(xiàn)

public class LoadBalancerInterceptor implements ClientHttpRequestInterceptor {
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancer;
    private LoadBalancerRequestFactory requestFactory;

    public LoadBalancerInterceptor(LoadBalancerClient loadBalancer, LoadBalancerRequestFactory requestFactory) {
        this.loadBalancer = loadBalancer;
        this.requestFactory = requestFactory;
    }

    public LoadBalancerInterceptor(LoadBalancerClient loadBalancer) {
        this(loadBalancer, new LoadBalancerRequestFactory(loadBalancer));
    }

    public ClientHttpResponse intercept(final HttpRequest request, final byte[] body, final ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) throws IOException {
        URI originalUri = request.getURI();
        String serviceName = originalUri.getHost();
        Assert.state(serviceName != null, "Request URI does not contain a valid hostname: " + originalUri);
        return (ClientHttpResponse)this.loadBalancer.execute(serviceName, this.requestFactory.createRequest(request, body, execution));
    }
}

當(dāng)一個(gè)被@LoadBalance標(biāo)注的RestTemplate向外發(fā)送Http請求時(shí)腿堤，會(huì)被interceptor攔截阀坏，調(diào)用execute發(fā)起實(shí)際請求

return (ClientHttpResponse)this.loadBalancer.execute(serviceName, this.requestFactory.createRequest(request, body, execution));

LoadBalancerClient的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)為org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonLoadBalancerClient

execute方法

public <T> T execute(String serviceId, LoadBalancerRequest<T> request, Object hint) throws IOException {
    ILoadBalancer loadBalancer = this.getLoadBalancer(serviceId);
    Server server = this.getServer(loadBalancer, hint);
    if (server == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("No instances available for " + serviceId);
    } else {
        RibbonLoadBalancerClient.RibbonServer ribbonServer = new RibbonLoadBalancerClient.RibbonServer(serviceId, server, this.isSecure(server, serviceId), this.serverIntrospector(serviceId).getMetadata(server));
        return this.execute(serviceId, (ServiceInstance)ribbonServer, (LoadBalancerRequest)request);
    }
}

首先根據(jù)傳入的serviceId獲取具體的服務(wù)實(shí)例

根據(jù)getServer接口，可知并沒有使用choose函數(shù)笆檀，而是使用了ribbon本身的chooseServer函數(shù)

protected Server getServer(ILoadBalancer loadBalancer, Object hint) {
    return loadBalancer == null ? null : loadBalancer.chooseServer(hint != null ? hint : "default");
}

在ribbonClientConfiguration中可知默認(rèn)采用了ZoneAwareLoadBalancer實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡器

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer(IClientConfig config, ServerList<Server> serverList, ServerListFilter<Server> serverListFilter, IRule rule, IPing ping, ServerListUpdater serverListUpdater) {
    return (ILoadBalancer)(this.propertiesFactory.isSet(ILoadBalancer.class, this.name) ? (ILoadBalancer)this.propertiesFactory.get(ILoadBalancer.class, config, this.name) : new ZoneAwareLoadBalancer(config, rule, ping, serverList, serverListFilter, serverListUpdater));
}

回到RibbonBalancerClient的execute函數(shù)

通過ZoneAwareLoadBalancer的chooseServer獲取負(fù)載均衡策略分配到的服務(wù)實(shí)例后忌堂，將其包裝成RibbonServer對象，RibbonServer對象除了包含服務(wù)實(shí)例對象外募谎，還包含serviceId等信息心墅，然后使用該對象回調(diào)LoadBalancerInteceptor請求攔截器中LoadBalancerRequest的apply函數(shù)耳鸯，向一個(gè)實(shí)際的具體服務(wù)發(fā)起請求

public <T> T execute(String serviceId, ServiceInstance serviceInstance, LoadBalancerRequest<T> request) throws IOException {
        ...

        try {
            T returnVal = request.apply(serviceInstance);
            statsRecorder.recordStats(returnVal);
            return returnVal;
        } catch (IOException var8) {
            statsRecorder.recordStats(var8);
            throw var8;
        } catch (Exception var9) {
            statsRecorder.recordStats(var9);
            ReflectionUtils.rethrowRuntimeException(var9);
            return null;
        }
    }
}

ServiceInstance對象是對服務(wù)的抽象定義，包含了每個(gè)服務(wù)實(shí)例需要提供一些基礎(chǔ)信息

public interface ServiceInstance {
    default String getInstanceId() {
        return null;
    }

    String getServiceId();

    String getHost();

    int getPort();

    boolean isSecure();

    URI getUri();

    Map<String, String> getMetadata();

    default String getScheme() {
        return null;
    }
}

而RibbonServer就是ServiceInstance的實(shí)現(xiàn)棋嘲，除了Server實(shí)例，還包含了serviceId,是否使用https矩桂，和一個(gè)map的元數(shù)據(jù)

public static class RibbonServer implements ServiceInstance {
    private final String serviceId;
    private final Server server;
    private final boolean secure;
    private Map<String, String> metadata;
    ...
}

在LoadBalanceRequest的工廠方法中

public LoadBalancerRequest<ClientHttpResponse> createRequest(final HttpRequest request, final byte[] body, final ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) {
    return (instance) -> {
        HttpRequest serviceRequest = new ServiceRequestWrapper(request, instance, this.loadBalancer);
        LoadBalancerRequestTransformer transformer;
        if (this.transformers != null) {
            for(Iterator var6 = this.transformers.iterator(); var6.hasNext(); serviceRequest = transformer.transformRequest((HttpRequest)serviceRequest, instance)) {
                transformer = (LoadBalancerRequestTransformer)var6.next();
            }
        }

        return execution.execute((HttpRequest)serviceRequest, body);
    };
}

傳入了一個(gè)ServiceRequestWrapper對象

public class ServiceRequestWrapper extends HttpRequestWrapper {
    private final ServiceInstance instance;
    private final LoadBalancerClient loadBalancer;
    ...

    public URI getURI() {
        URI uri = this.loadBalancer.reconstructURI(this.instance, this.getRequest().getURI());
        return uri;
    }
}

在LoadBalanceRequest的工廠方法中的execute具體執(zhí)行時(shí)沸移，會(huì)調(diào)用InteceptingClientHttpRequest下的execute函數(shù)

public ClientHttpResponse execute(HttpRequest request, byte[] body) throws IOException {
    if (this.iterator.hasNext()) {
        ClientHttpRequestInterceptor nextInterceptor = (ClientHttpRequestInterceptor)this.iterator.next();
        return nextInterceptor.intercept(request, body, this);
    } else {
        HttpMethod method = request.getMethod();
        Assert.state(method != null, "No standard HTTP method");
        ClientHttpRequest delegate = InterceptingClientHttpRequest.this.requestFactory.createRequest(request.getURI(), method);
        request.getHeaders().forEach((key, value) -> {
            delegate.getHeaders().addAll(key, value);
        });
        if (body.length > 0) {
            if (delegate instanceof StreamingHttpOutputMessage) {
                StreamingHttpOutputMessage streamingOutputMessage = (StreamingHttpOutputMessage)delegate;
                streamingOutputMessage.setBody((outputStream) -> {
                    StreamUtils.copy(body, outputStream);
                });
            } else {
                StreamUtils.copy(body, delegate.getBody());
            }
        }

        return delegate.execute();
    }
}

而這里面的request.getUri則會(huì)調(diào)用ServiceRequestWrapper中LoadBalancerClient的getUri函數(shù)，至此構(gòu)建了一個(gè)服務(wù)治理環(huán)境的訪問URI,完成代理訪問

負(fù)載均衡器

AbstractLoadBalancer

public abstract class AbstractLoadBalancer implements ILoadBalancer {
    public AbstractLoadBalancer() {
    }

    public Server chooseServer() {
        return this.chooseServer((Object)null);
    }

    public abstract List<Server> getServerList(AbstractLoadBalancer.ServerGroup var1);

    public abstract LoadBalancerStats getLoadBalancerStats();

    public static enum ServerGroup {
        ALL,
        STATUS_UP,
        STATUS_NOT_UP;

        private ServerGroup() {
        }
    }
}

是ILoadBalancer的抽象實(shí)現(xiàn)，定義了服務(wù)的分組枚舉類雹锣，實(shí)現(xiàn)了chooseServer流妻，參數(shù)key為null，表示在選擇具體服務(wù)實(shí)例時(shí)忽略key的條件判斷

LoadBalancerStats用來記錄負(fù)載均衡器中哥哥服務(wù)實(shí)例的屬性和統(tǒng)計(jì)信息

getServerList根據(jù)分組類型來獲取不同的服務(wù)實(shí)例列表

BaseLoadBalancer

是ribbon負(fù)載均衡器的基礎(chǔ)實(shí)現(xiàn)類笆制，在該類中定義了很多關(guān)于負(fù)載均衡器相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容

定義了所有服務(wù)清單和正常清單

@Monitor(
    name = "LoadBalancer_AllServerList",
    type = DataSourceType.INFORMATIONAL
)
protected volatile List<Server> allServerList;
@Monitor(
    name = "LoadBalancer_UpServerList",
    type = DataSourceType.INFORMATIONAL
)
protected volatile List<Server> upServerList;

定義了檢查服務(wù)實(shí)例操作的執(zhí)行策略對象绅这，默認(rèn)為SerialPingStrategy

private static final BaseLoadBalancer.SerialPingStrategy DEFAULT_PING_STRATEGY = new BaseLoadBalancer.SerialPingStrategy((SyntheticClass_1)null);

SerialPingStrategy默認(rèn)采用遍歷方式，性能欠佳在辆，如有需要证薇，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)IPingStrategy并重寫pingServers方法

private static class SerialPingStrategy implements IPingStrategy {
    private SerialPingStrategy() {
    }

    public boolean[] pingServers(IPing ping, Server[] servers) {
        int numCandidates = servers.length;
        boolean[] results = new boolean[numCandidates];
        BaseLoadBalancer.logger.debug("LoadBalancer:  PingTask executing [{}] servers configured", numCandidates);

        for(int i = 0; i < numCandidates; ++i) {
            results[i] = false;

            try {
                if (ping != null) {
                    results[i] = ping.isAlive(servers[i]);
                }
            } catch (Exception var7) {
                BaseLoadBalancer.logger.error("Exception while pinging Server: '{}'", servers[i], var7);
            }
        }

        return results;
    }
}

定義了負(fù)載均衡的處理IRule對象，負(fù)載均衡策略委托給IRule匆篓，而默認(rèn)的實(shí)現(xiàn)為RoundRobinRule

...
private static final IRule DEFAULT_RULE = new RoundRobinRule();
...
protected IRule rule;
...
public BaseLoadBalancer() {
   ...
   this.rule = DEFAULT_RULE;
   ...
}

public Server chooseServer(Object key) {
    if (this.counter == null) {
        this.counter = this.createCounter();
    }

    this.counter.increment();
    if (this.rule == null) {
        return null;
    } else {
        try {
            return this.rule.choose(key);
        } catch (Exception var3) {
            logger.warn("LoadBalancer [{}]:  Error choosing server for key {}", new Object[]{this.name, key, var3});
            return null;
        }
    }
}

啟動(dòng)ping任務(wù)

class PingTask extends TimerTask {
    PingTask() {
    }

    public void run() {
        try {
            (BaseLoadBalancer.this.new Pinger(BaseLoadBalancer.this.pingStrategy)).runPinger();
        } catch (Exception var2) {
            BaseLoadBalancer.logger.error("LoadBalancer [{}]: Error pinging", BaseLoadBalancer.this.name, var2);
        }

    }
}
DynamicServerListLoadBalancer

是BaseLoadBalancer的拓展浑度，該負(fù)載均衡器提供了運(yùn)行期間動(dòng)態(tài)更新服務(wù)實(shí)例清單的能力，在成員定義中可發(fā)現(xiàn)

volatile ServerList<T> serverListImpl;

T在類名中限定為Server的子類

public class DynamicServerListLoadBalancer<T extends Server>

ServerList提供了兩個(gè)抽象方法

public interface ServerList<T extends Server> {
    //獲取初始化服務(wù)實(shí)例清單
    List<T> getInitialListOfServers(); 

    //獲取更新的服務(wù)實(shí)例清單
    List<T> getUpdatedListOfServers();
}

在spring cloud整合ribbon和eureka的包下搜索EurekaRibbonClientConfiguration

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public ServerList<?> ribbonServerList(IClientConfig config, Provider<EurekaClient> eurekaClientProvider) {
    if (this.propertiesFactory.isSet(ServerList.class, this.serviceId)) {
        return (ServerList)this.propertiesFactory.get(ServerList.class, config, this.serviceId);
    } else {
        DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList discoveryServerList = new DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList(config, eurekaClientProvider);
        DomainExtractingServerList serverList = new DomainExtractingServerList(discoveryServerList, config, this.approximateZoneFromHostname);
        return serverList;
    }
}

DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList內(nèi)部獲取serverlist通過內(nèi)部私有函數(shù)obtainServersViaDiscovery

public List<DiscoveryEnabledServer> getInitialListOfServers() {
    return this.obtainServersViaDiscovery();
}

public List<DiscoveryEnabledServer> getUpdatedListOfServers() {
    return this.obtainServersViaDiscovery();
}

private List<DiscoveryEnabledServer> obtainServersViaDiscovery() {
    List<DiscoveryEnabledServer> serverList = new ArrayList();
    if (this.eurekaClientProvider != null && this.eurekaClientProvider.get() != null) {
        EurekaClient eurekaClient = (EurekaClient)this.eurekaClientProvider.get();
        if (this.vipAddresses != null) { //服務(wù)名
            String[] var3 = this.vipAddresses.split(",");
            int var4 = var3.length;

            for(int var5 = 0; var5 < var4; ++var5) {
                String vipAddress = var3[var5];
                List<InstanceInfo> listOfInstanceInfo = eurekaClient.getInstancesByVipAddress(vipAddress, this.isSecure, this.targetRegion);
                Iterator var8 = listOfInstanceInfo.iterator();

                while(var8.hasNext()) {
                    InstanceInfo ii = (InstanceInfo)var8.next();
                    if (ii.getStatus().equals(InstanceStatus.UP)) {  //判斷狀態(tài)
                        if (this.shouldUseOverridePort) {
                            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                logger.debug("Overriding port on client name: " + this.clientName + " to " + this.overridePort);
                            }

                            InstanceInfo copy = new InstanceInfo(ii);
                            if (this.isSecure) {
                                ii = (new Builder(copy)).setSecurePort(this.overridePort).build();
                            } else {
                                ii = (new Builder(copy)).setPort(this.overridePort).build();
                            }
                        }

                        DiscoveryEnabledServer des = this.createServer(ii, this.isSecure, this.shouldUseIpAddr);
                        serverList.add(des);
                    }
                }

                if (serverList.size() > 0 && this.prioritizeVipAddressBasedServers) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        return serverList;
    } else {
        logger.warn("EurekaClient has not been initialized yet, returning an empty list");
        return new ArrayList();
    }
}

對服務(wù)進(jìn)行遍歷鸦概，如果狀態(tài)為UP箩张，轉(zhuǎn)換成DiscoveryEnabledServer對象，組織成list返回窗市。

DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList從eureka中拿到server列表后先慷，繼續(xù)通過DomainExtractingServerList的setZone進(jìn)行處理，加入了一些必要屬性

private List<DiscoveryEnabledServer> setZones(List<DiscoveryEnabledServer> servers) {
    List<DiscoveryEnabledServer> result = new ArrayList();
    boolean isSecure = this.ribbon.isSecure(true);
    boolean shouldUseIpAddr = this.ribbon.isUseIPAddrForServer();
    Iterator var5 = servers.iterator();

    while(var5.hasNext()) {
        DiscoveryEnabledServer server = (DiscoveryEnabledServer)var5.next();
        result.add(new DomainExtractingServer(server, isSecure, shouldUseIpAddr, this.approximateZoneFromHostname));
    }

    return result;
}

更新服務(wù)待續(xù)咨察，沒看明白

ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

ZoneAwareLoadBalancer繼承自DynamicServerListLoadBalancer并重寫了setServerListForZones

protected void setServerListForZones(Map<String, List<Server>> zoneServersMap) {
    super.setServerListForZones(zoneServersMap);
    if (this.balancers == null) {
        this.balancers = new ConcurrentHashMap();
    }

    Iterator var2 = zoneServersMap.entrySet().iterator();

    Entry existingLBEntry;
    while(var2.hasNext()) {
        existingLBEntry = (Entry)var2.next();
        String zone = ((String)existingLBEntry.getKey()).toLowerCase();
        this.getLoadBalancer(zone).setServersList((List)existingLBEntry.getValue());
    }

    var2 = this.balancers.entrySet().iterator();

    while(var2.hasNext()) {
        existingLBEntry = (Entry)var2.next();
        if (!zoneServersMap.keySet().contains(existingLBEntry.getKey())) {
            ((BaseLoadBalancer)existingLBEntry.getValue()).setServersList(Collections.emptyList());
        }
    }

}
負(fù)載均衡策略
  1. AbstractLoadBalanceRule：抽象負(fù)載均衡器
  2. RandomRule：隨機(jī)實(shí)例
  3. RoundRobinRule：輪詢
  4. RetryRule：重試论熙，內(nèi)部默認(rèn)使用RoundRobinRule
  5. WeightedResponseTimeRule：權(quán)重
  6. BestAvailableRule：空閑
  7. PredicateBasedRule：抽象策略
  8. AvailabilityFilteringRule：PredicateBasedRule的實(shí)現(xiàn)，先過濾摄狱，后輪詢
  9. ZoneAvoidanceRule：PredicateBasedRule的實(shí)現(xiàn)

個(gè)性化配置

@Bean
IPing ping(){
    return new PingUrl();
}

@Bean
IRule iRule() {
    return new ZoneAvoidanceRule();
}
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