（1）同步函數

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

doubanMovieURL = "https://movie.douban.com/"

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False)
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto(doubanMovieURL)
    print(page.title())
    browser.close()

（2） 異步函數

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

doubanMovieURL = "https://movie.douban.com/"


async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as p:
        browser = await p.chromium.launch(headless=False)
        page = await browser.new_page()
        await page.goto(doubanMovieURL)
        print(await page.title())
        await browser.close()      

asyncio.run(main())

（3） 錄制代碼

在terminal中輸入：playwright codegen url

playwright codegen www.douban.com

（4） 保留經過身份驗證的狀態(tài)

playwright codegen --save-storage=auth.json

生成auth.json文件
保存好cookie后顽耳，執(zhí)行以下代碼做裙，可以直接跳轉至登錄后的頁面：

playwright open --load-storage=auth.json https://www.bizreach.jp/mypage/(網頁登錄后的首頁url)

playwright codegen --load-storage=auth.json https://www.bizreach.jp/mypage/(網頁登錄后的首頁url)

（5）playwright錄制器自動生成元素定位語句

image.png

（6）page.pause()斷點

在代碼中加入page.pause()進入斷點狀態(tài)秉沼，可以在頁面上直接調試代碼

（7）網頁最大化

方法一：args =['--start-maximized']
不過試了一下在mac系統沒有生效

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

doubanMovieURL = "https://movie.douban.com/"

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = playwright.chromium.launch(
        headless=False,
        args=['--start-maximized']
        )
    context = browser.new_context(no_viewport=True)
    page = context.new_page()
    
    page.goto(doubanMovieURL)
    print(page.title())
    page.pause()
    context.close()
    browser.close()

方法二 直接設置分辨率

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

doubanMovieURL = "https://movie.douban.com/"

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False)
    context = browser.new_context(viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080})  # 設置 viewport 為屏幕分辨率
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto(doubanMovieURL)
    print(page.title())
    page.pause()
    context.close()
    browser.close()

（8）啟動chrome唠雕，edge瀏覽器（無痕瀏覽器）

playwright install --help 可以查看playwright支持的瀏覽器

image.png

在browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False)中指定限府，channel=“chrome”

image.png

指定channel=“msedge”,將打開edge瀏覽器

指定打開safari瀏覽器：

browser = p.webkit.launch(headless=False)

from time import sleep
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
import os

doubanMovieURL = "https://movie.douban.com/"
USER_DIR_PATH = os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches/Safari/User_Data")

with sync_playwright() as p:
    context = p.webkit.launch_persistent_context(
        user_data_dir=USER_DIR_PATH,
        headless=False
    )
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto(doubanMovieURL)
    print(page.title())
    sleep(1)
    context.close()

（9）啟動帶緩存的本地瀏覽器

啟動帶本地緩存的瀏覽器可读拆，繞過登錄時的一些驗證祠肥。
windows系統啟動帶緩存的chrome瀏覽器

from time import sleep
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
import getpass

doubanMovieURL = "https://movie.douban.com/"
USER_DIR_PATH = fr"C:\Users\{getpass.getuser()}\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data"

with sync_playwright() as p:
    context = p.chromium.launch_persistent_context(
        user_data_dir=USER_DIR_PATH,
        headless=False,
        channel="chrome"
    )
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto(doubanMovieURL)
    print(page.title())
    sleep(1)
    context.close()

在macOS瀏覽器啟動帶緩存的webkit瀏覽器
根據chatgpt的回答痢虹，目前好像還無法支持啟動帶緩存的Safari瀏覽器

from time import sleep
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
import os

doubanMovieURL = "https://movie.douban.com/"

with sync_playwright() as p:
    context = p.webkit.launch_persistent_context(
        user_data_dir=os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches/Safari/User_Data"),
        headless=False
    )
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto(doubanMovieURL)
    print(page.title())
    sleep(1)
    context.close()

（10）錄制視頻

視頻在瀏覽器上下文關閉時保存被去。如果您手動創(chuàng)建瀏覽器上下文，請確保browser_context.close(),會在調用close的時候保存視頻奖唯。

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    #slow_mo=1000 每個操作有1s的停頓
    browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False, slow_mo=1000)
    #record_video_dir="videos/"指定視頻存放路徑
    context = browser.new_context(record_video_dir="videos/")
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto("https://www.bizreach.jp/")
    page.get_by_role("link", name="ログイン", exact=True).click()
    page.get_by_test_id("form-input__email").click()
    page.get_by_test_id("form-input__email").fill("123@gmail.com")
    page.get_by_test_id("form-input__password").click()
    page.get_by_test_id("form-input__password").fill("password123")
    page.get_by_test_id("form__submit-button").click()
    #context.close()時保存視頻
    context.close()
    browser.close()

執(zhí)行后視頻自動保存

image.png

視頻默認800*800惨缆，也可以指定視頻大小

context = browser.new_context(
    record_video_dir = "videos/",
    record_video_size={"width": 640, "height": 480}
)

（11）Trace Viewer測試追蹤功能

Playwright Trace Viewer可以探索記錄playwright測試跟蹤。使用browser_context.tracing API記錄追蹤

browser = chromium.lanch()
context = browser.new_context()

#Start tracing before creating/ navigating page.
context.tracing.start(screenshots=True,snapshots=True,sources =True)

page = context.new_page()
page.goto("https//playwright.dev")

#Stop tracing and export it into a zip archive.
context.tracing.stop(path = "trace.zip")

這將記錄跟蹤并將其放入名為trace.zip
可以使用playwright CLI活在您的瀏覽器中打開保存的trace.playwright.dev

playwright show-trace trace.zip

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

# 復制 Chrome 用戶數據到新目錄
with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch(
        headless=False,
        slow_mo=1000,
        channel="chrome"
    )

    context = browser.new_context()

    # 開始追蹤 trace.start
    context.tracing.start(screenshots=True, snapshots=True, sources=True)

    page = context.new_page()  # 創(chuàng)建新頁面

    page.goto("https://www.douban.com/")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_text("密碼登錄").click()
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("手機號 / 郵箱").click()
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("手機號 / 郵箱").fill("123@123.com")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("手機號 / 郵箱").press("Tab")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("密碼").fill("password")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_text("登錄豆瓣").click()
    print(page.title())

    # 追蹤結束
    context.tracing.stop(path="trace.zip")

    page.close()  # 關閉頁面
    context.close()
    browser.close()

查看trace：
方法一：在terminal中丰捷，進入trace.zip的文件夾坯墨，然后執(zhí)行：playwright show-trace trace.zip
方法二，訪問https://trace.playwright.dev/ 選中trace.zip查看
選中call病往，可以查看每一步的詳細參數

image.png

（12）保存cookie捣染，解決反復登錄問題

方法一： storageState保存登錄cookies
playwright提供了一種在測試中重用登錄狀態(tài)的方法。這樣可以只登錄一次荣恐，然后跳過所有測試的登錄步驟液斜。
playwright提供browserContext.storageState(options)方法，可用于從景觀身份驗證的上下文中檢索存儲狀態(tài)叠穆，然后創(chuàng)建具有與填充狀態(tài)的新上下文少漆。
cookie和本地存儲狀態(tài)可以跨不同的瀏覽器使用。取決于應用程序的身份驗證模型：某些應用程序可能需要cookie和本地存儲硼被。

...登錄操作代碼

#保存storage state 到指定文件
storage = context.storage_state(path="auth/state.json")
#-----------------------------
context.close()
browser.close()

執(zhí)行后會在本地保存一個state.json文件
這樣在其他地方就可以使用本地的cookies示损，實現免登錄

#create a new context with the saved storage state
context =  browser.new_context(storage_state ="state.json")

登錄豆瓣（！Ｈ铝颉检访！登錄之后一定要預留登錄跳轉時間，有些登錄時還有其他滑動驗證等等仔掸，不然取不到cookie信息）

from time import sleep
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

# 復制 Chrome 用戶數據到新目錄
with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch(
        headless=False,
        slow_mo=1000,
        channel="chrome"
    )
    context = browser.new_context()

    # 開始追蹤 trace.start
    # context.tracing.start(screenshots=True, snapshots=True, sources=True)

    page = context.new_page()  # 創(chuàng)建新頁面

    page.goto("https://www.douban.com/")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_text("密碼登錄").click()
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("手機號 / 郵箱").click()
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("手機號 / 郵箱").fill("123@123.com")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("手機號 / 郵箱").press("Tab")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("密碼").fill("pswd")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_text("登錄豆瓣").click()
    
    # 等待登錄完成
    sleep(20)
    
    # 保存storage state 到指定文件
    # 若目錄不存在脆贵，不會自動創(chuàng)建，需要自己手動創(chuàng)建
    storage = context.storage_state(path="auth/douban_state.json")
    print(page.title())

    # 追蹤結束
    # context.tracing.stop(path="trace.zip")

    page.close()  # 關閉頁面
    context.close()
    browser.close()

調用保存下來的douban_state.json文件起暮，直接進入豆瓣小組頁面

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch(
        headless=False,
        slow_mo=1000,
        channel="chrome"
    )
    # 讀取cookie卖氨，實現免登錄
    context = browser.new_context(
        storage_state="auth/douban_state.json"
    )
    # 開始追蹤 trace.start
    # context.tracing.start(screenshots=True, snapshots=True, sources=True)
    page = context.new_page()  # 創(chuàng)建新頁面
    page.goto("https://www.douban.com/group/")
    
    page.pause()
    # 保存storage state 到指定文件
    # 若目錄不存在，不會自動創(chuàng)建负懦，需要自己手動創(chuàng)建
    print(page.title())

    # 追蹤結束
    # context.tracing.stop(path="trace.zip")

    page.close()  # 關閉頁面
    context.close()
    browser.close()

（13）Mock接口返回筒捺，模擬各種異常場景

    # mock 處理方法,狀態(tài)碼改成500 模擬服務器異常
    def handle(route):
        route.fulfill(status=502)
    
    # 攔截請求，模擬返回
    page.route("要訪問的url", handler=handle)

from time import sleep
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

# 復制 Chrome 用戶數據到新目錄
with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch(
        headless=False,
        slow_mo=1000,
        channel="chrome"
    )
    context = browser.new_context()

    page = context.new_page()  # 創(chuàng)建新頁面

    page.goto("https://www.douban.com/")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_text("密碼登錄").click()
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("手機號 / 郵箱").click()
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("手機號 / 郵箱").fill("1111@qq.com")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("手機號 / 郵箱").press("Tab")
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_placeholder("密碼").fill("111")
    
    # mock 處理方法,狀態(tài)碼改成500 模擬服務器異常
    def handle(route):
        route.fulfill(status=502)
    
    # 攔截請求纸厉，模擬返回
    page.route("https://accounts.douban.com/j/mobile/login/basic", handler=handle)
    
    page.frame_locator("#anony-reg-new iframe").get_by_text("登錄豆瓣").click()
    sleep(20)
    page.pause()
    
    # --------------------
    page.close()  # 關閉頁面
    context.close()
    browser.close()

image.png