前言
在之前兩篇文章中匣掸,簡(jiǎn)單的講述了在iOS中使用藍(lán)牙所需要的一些必備條件霸琴,也講述了現(xiàn)在主流的藍(lán)牙開發(fā)庫(kù)CoreBluetooth的一些基礎(chǔ)使用與必備常識(shí)。在這一章朽基,我將代碼附上供即將開發(fā)藍(lán)牙的小伙伴做一個(gè)參考布隔。
藍(lán)牙開發(fā)流程
- 1.建立中心角色
- 2.掃描外設(shè)(Discover Peripheral)
- 3.連接外設(shè)(Connect Peripheral)
- 4.掃描外設(shè)中的服務(wù)和特征(Discover Services And Characteristics)
- 4.1 獲取外設(shè)的services
- 4.2 獲取外設(shè)的Characteristics,獲取characteristics的值,,獲取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
- 5.利用特征與外設(shè)做數(shù)據(jù)交互(Explore And Interact)
- 6.訂閱Characteristic的通知
- 7.斷開連接(Disconnect)
實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟
1.導(dǎo)入CB頭文件,建立主設(shè)備管理類,設(shè)置主設(shè)備代理
#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
@interface ZQBLEController () <CBCentralManagerDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) CBCentralManager *cMgr; /**< 中心管理設(shè)備 */
@end
@implementation ZQBLEController
#pragma mark - 懶加載
// 1.建立中心管理者
- (CBCentralManager *)cMgr
{
if (!_cMgr) {
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
/*
設(shè)置主設(shè)備的代理,CBCentralManagerDelegate
必須實(shí)現(xiàn)的:
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主設(shè)備狀態(tài)改變調(diào)用,在初始化CBCentralManager的適合會(huì)打開設(shè)備稼虎,只有當(dāng)設(shè)備正確打開后才能使用
其他選擇實(shí)現(xiàn)的委托中比較重要的:
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外設(shè)
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//連接外設(shè)成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外設(shè)連接失敗
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//斷開外設(shè)
*/
_cMgr = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()]; // 線程不傳默認(rèn)是主線程
}
return _cMgr;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.title = @"BLE";
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
// 初始化
[self cMgr];
// 不能在此處掃描,因?yàn)闋顟B(tài)還沒(méi)變?yōu)榇蜷_
//[self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
}
2.掃描外設(shè)
- 掃描的方法防治cMgr成功打開的代理方法中
- 只有設(shè)備成功打開,才能開始掃描,否則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)
#pragma mark - CBCentralManagerDelegate
// 中心管理者狀態(tài)改變, 在初始化CBCentralManager的時(shí)候會(huì)打開設(shè)備衅檀,只有當(dāng)設(shè)備正確打開后才能使用
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
switch (central.state) {
case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");
break;
case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn");
// 2.開始掃描周圍的外設(shè)
/*
第一個(gè)參數(shù)nil就是掃描周圍所有的外設(shè),掃描到外設(shè)后會(huì)進(jìn)入
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
*/
[self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
break;
default:
break;
}
}
// 掃描到設(shè)備會(huì)進(jìn)入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);
// 接下來(lái)連接設(shè)備
3.連接外設(shè)
- 掃描手環(huán),打印結(jié)果
- 根據(jù)打印結(jié)果
// 掃描到設(shè)備會(huì)進(jìn)入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);
// 3.接下來(lái)可以連接設(shè)備
//如果你沒(méi)有設(shè)備霎俩,可以下載一個(gè)app叫l(wèi)ightbule的app去模擬一個(gè)設(shè)備
//這里自己去設(shè)置下連接規(guī)則哀军,我設(shè)置的是二維碼掃描到的運(yùn)動(dòng)手環(huán)的設(shè)備號(hào)
// 判斷設(shè)備號(hào)是否掃描到
if ([peripheral.name isEqualToString:@"OBand-75"]) {
/*
一個(gè)主設(shè)備最多能連7個(gè)外設(shè)沉眶,每個(gè)外設(shè)最多只能給一個(gè)主設(shè)備連接,連接成功,失敗杉适,斷開會(huì)進(jìn)入各自的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//連接外設(shè)成功的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外設(shè)連接失敗的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//斷開外設(shè)的委托
*/
// 保存外設(shè),否則方法結(jié)束就銷毀
self.per = peripheral;
[self.cMgr connectPeripheral:self.per options:nil];
}else
{
// 此處Alert提示未掃描到設(shè)備,重新掃描
#warning noCode
NSLog(@"沒(méi)掃描到 >>>>>>>> %s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
}
// 外設(shè)連接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
NSLog(@">>>連接到名稱為(%@)的設(shè)備-成功",peripheral.name);
}
// 外設(shè)連接失敗
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
// 斷開連接(丟失連接)
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
4.掃描外設(shè)中的服務(wù)和特征
設(shè)備鏈接成功后,就可以掃描設(shè)備的服務(wù)(services)了,同樣是通過(guò)代理,掃描到結(jié)果后會(huì)觸發(fā)某代理方法.
注意:此時(shí)CBCentralManagerDelegate已經(jīng)不能滿足需求,需要新的CBPeripheralDelegate來(lái)搞定.
該協(xié)議中包含了central與peripheral的許多回調(diào)方法
(eg.:獲取services,獲取characteristics,獲取characteristics的值,獲取characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值,寫數(shù)據(jù),讀RSSI,用通知的方式訂閱數(shù)據(jù)等等).
- 4.1 獲取外設(shè)的services
- 首先設(shè)置外設(shè)的代理,并搜尋services
- 然后在代理方法peripheral:didDiscoverServices:中遍歷services
// 外設(shè)連接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
NSLog(@">>>連接到名稱為(%@)的設(shè)備-成功",peripheral.name);
//設(shè)置的peripheral代理CBPeripheralDelegate
//@interface ViewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>
[peripheral setDelegate:self];
//掃描外設(shè)Services谎倔,成功后會(huì)進(jìn)入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
[peripheral discoverServices:nil];
/*
Discovers the specified services of the peripheral.
An array of CBUUID objects that you are interested in. Here, each CBUUID object represents a UUID that identifies the type of service you want to discover.
*/
}
#pragma mark - CBPeripheralDelegate
// 發(fā)現(xiàn)外設(shè)的service
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error
{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
return;
}
for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
NSLog(@"service.UUID = %@", service.UUID);
//掃描每個(gè)service的Characteristics,掃描到后會(huì)進(jìn)入方法: -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
[peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
}
}
- 4.2 獲取外設(shè)的characteris,獲取Characteristics的值,獲取Characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值
// 外設(shè)發(fā)現(xiàn)service的特征
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
return;
}
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
{
NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID);
}
#warning noCodeFor 優(yōu)化,分開寫是為了讓大家看注釋清晰,并不符合編碼規(guī)范
//獲取Characteristic的值猿推,讀到數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)進(jìn)入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
[peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外設(shè)讀取特征的值
}
//搜索Characteristic的Descriptors片习,讀到數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)進(jìn)入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
[peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外設(shè)發(fā)現(xiàn)特征的描述
}
}
// 獲取characteristic的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
//打印出characteristic的UUID和值
//!注意,value的類型是NSData蹬叭,具體開發(fā)時(shí)藕咏,會(huì)根據(jù)外設(shè)協(xié)議制定的方式去解析數(shù)據(jù)
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, characteristic.UUID:%@ value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.UUID, characteristic.value);
}
// 獲取Characteristics的 descriptor的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(nonnull CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
//打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value
//這個(gè)descriptor都是對(duì)于characteristic的描述,一般都是字符串秽五,所以這里我們轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串去解析
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, descriptor.UUID:%@ value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, descriptor.UUID, descriptor.value);
}
// 發(fā)現(xiàn)特征Characteristics的描述Descriptor
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
for (CBDescriptor *descriptor in characteristic.descriptors) {
NSLog(@"descriptor.UUID:%@",descriptor.UUID);
}
}
5.寫數(shù)據(jù)到特征中
- 自定義方法,為了看的更清楚,沒(méi)別的意思
- 需要注意的是特征的屬性是否支持寫數(shù)據(jù)
- (void)zq_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral writeData:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
/*
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast = 0x01,
CBCharacteristicPropertyRead = 0x02,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse = 0x04,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite = 0x08,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify = 0x10,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate = 0x20,
CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites = 0x40,
CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties = 0x80,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0) = 0x100,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0) = 0x200
};
打印出特征的權(quán)限(characteristic.properties),可以看到有很多種,這是一個(gè)NS_OPTIONS的枚舉,可以是多個(gè)值
常見的又read,write,noitfy,indicate.知道這幾個(gè)基本夠用了,前倆是讀寫權(quán)限,后倆都是通知,倆不同的通知方式
*/
NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, char.pro = %lu", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, (unsigned long)characteristic.properties);
// 此時(shí)由于枚舉屬性是NS_OPTIONS,所以一個(gè)枚舉可能對(duì)應(yīng)多個(gè)類型,所以判斷不能用 = ,而應(yīng)該用包含&
if (characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite) {
// 核心代碼在這里
[peripheral writeValue:data // 寫入的數(shù)據(jù)
forCharacteristic:characteristic // 寫給哪個(gè)特征
type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];// 通過(guò)此響應(yīng)記錄是否成功寫入
}
}
6.訂閱特征的通知
- 實(shí)際核心代碼是一個(gè)方法
- 一般這兩個(gè)方法要根據(jù)產(chǎn)品需求來(lái)確定寫在何處
// 設(shè)置通知
- (void)zq_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral setNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
// 外設(shè)為特征訂閱通知 數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)進(jìn)入 peripheral:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:error:方法
[peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
// 取消通知
- (void)zq_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral cancelNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
// 外設(shè)取消訂閱通知 數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)進(jìn)入 peripheral:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:error:方法
[peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
7.斷開連接
// 7.斷開連接
- (void)zq_cMgr:(CBCentralManager *)cMgr stopScanAndDisConnectWithPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
// 停止掃描
[cMgr stopScan];
// 斷開連接
[cMgr cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
}