背景：
1.bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)
白葉枯埠小：水稻白葉枯病-為害植株癥狀整個生育期均可受害，苗期健民、分蘗期受害最重履植，葉片最易染病锄禽。主要為害葉片仆嗦，嚴(yán)重時也為害葉鞘每币，初起在葉緣產(chǎn)生半透明黃色小斑，以后沿葉緣一側(cè)或兩側(cè)或沿中脈發(fā)展成波紋狀的黃綠或灰綠色病斑嗡害；病部與健部分界線明顯焚碌；數(shù)日后病斑轉(zhuǎn)為灰白色，并向內(nèi)卷曲霸妹，遠(yuǎn)望一片枯槁色十电，故稱白葉枯病。
2.miRNA156是植物中保守的一類microRNA，其靶基因SPL家族編碼含有SBP-box結(jié)構(gòu)域的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子鹃骂。
3. IPA1（OsSPL14）參與調(diào)控水稻多個生長發(fā)育過程台盯。適度上調(diào)IPA1可以減少水稻的無效分蘗，同時增加穗分支畏线，增強秸稈的強度静盅，最終增加單位面積上的產(chǎn)量。
4.Several recent studies showed that GAdeficiency can increase resistance in rice by regulating the salicylic acid andJA pathways.
結(jié)果：
1. miR-156 :負(fù)調(diào)控
2. IPA1和OsSPL7與赤霉素抑制因子SLR1互作象踊，延緩了赤霉素誘導(dǎo)的SLR1降解温亲。在IPA1過表達(dá)水稻中，赤霉素失活的酶EUI1上調(diào)表達(dá)杯矩，進而降低了赤霉素含量栈虚。以上兩個方面的原因?qū)е耂LR1的累積，最終使IPA1過表達(dá)水稻的赤霉素敏感性下降史隆。遺傳學(xué)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)提高赤霉素活性可以部分恢復(fù)IPA1過表達(dá)水稻的感病性與發(fā)育表型魂务。
3. 用白葉枯病菌TALE類效應(yīng)因子誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)的OsHEN1的啟動子啟動IPA1，獲得轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻OsHEN1::IPA1(HIP)泌射。在沒有病原菌侵染時粘姜，微量上調(diào)IPA1的表達(dá)量，表現(xiàn)為少蘗熔酷，大穗孤紧，莖粗等表型，最終提高了產(chǎn)量拒秘。當(dāng)有白葉枯病侵染時号显，IPA1被強烈誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)，增強抗病性躺酒，在白葉枯病侵染時押蚤，HIP轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻也能高產(chǎn)。
日積月累：
Reallocate v. 重新分配羹应；再指派
Sophisticated [s?'f?st?ke?t?d] adj.復(fù)雜的揽碘；精致的；久經(jīng)世故的园匹；富有經(jīng)驗的
v. 使變得世故雳刺；使迷惑；篡改（sophisticate的過去分詞形式）
pyramid ['p?r?m?d] n.金字塔偎肃；角錐體vi. 漸增煞烫；上漲；成金字塔狀
vt. 使…漸增累颂；使…上漲；使…成金字塔狀
auxin n. [生化] 植物生長素；植物激素
mutually ['mjut?u?li]? adv.互相地紊馏；互助
antagonistic? [?n,t?ɡ?'n?st?k] adj. 敵對的料饥；對抗性的；反對的
agronomic? [,?gr?'nɑm?k] adj. 農(nóng)事的朱监；農(nóng)藝學(xué)的
perturb [p?'t?b] vt.擾亂岸啡；使…混亂；使…心緒不寧
spikelet? ['spa?kl?t]? n.小穗赫编；小穗狀花
dormancy ['d?rm?nsi]? n. [生物] 休眠巡蘸，冬眠；[生物] 蟄伏
offspring? n.后代擂送，子孫悦荒；產(chǎn)物
transcription factor Broad-SpectrumResistance-Digu 1 (Bsrd1) mediates durable and broad-spectrum resistanceagainst blast disease without reducing yield
1.Thus,simultaneously increasing disease resistance and yield potential is a challengein crop breeding.
2.When attacked by pathogens,plants mustreallocate energy from growth to defence,resulting ina fitness penalty.
3.Although non-cultivatedplants in nature have evolvedsophisticated mechanismsto optimize the trade-off between growth and defence,crop plants have been selected for based on yield-related traits.
4.The pyramiding of R genes
can generate multiple-race resistance but can result in significant growth
defects.(R基因的聚合可以產(chǎn)生多種抗性，但可能導(dǎo)致顯著的生長缺陷)
5.In the arms race between plants and pathogens, miRNAs play an importantrole.
參考：
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzUzNzczODE4Mg==&mid=2247488075&idx=2&sn=33c3b6c38bc4d60cfbb683df75fe3ca2&chksm=fae33ce2cd94b5f4a09f8440456661d0aae847b88d6a35ac0c5fe8c55af878b5027b8d4104aa&mpshare=1&scene=23&srcid=080192j2sKBoEdnXkMx3SqRg&sharer_sharetime=1564631550676&sharer_shareid=a803f34413a2a8a1f6337eb6e544cc14#rd
歡迎交流
