“

就業(yè)，是每一個(gè)畢業(yè)生最終都要面臨的問題穆端。剛?cè)雽W(xué)時(shí)我們聽說今年是最難就業(yè)的一年袱贮，過了一年后又有了更難就業(yè)的一年，畢業(yè)時(shí)又是就業(yè)難体啰。

似乎每一年都是大學(xué)生的“最難就業(yè)年”攒巍，總有學(xué)生會(huì)陷入失業(yè)的困局，這會(huì)怎樣影響他們呢荒勇？家庭的幫助又會(huì)造成什么結(jié)果柒莉？讓我們來了解一下吧~

”

How unemployment affects twenty somethings self-worth

失業(yè)會(huì)怎樣影響青年人的自我價(jià)值感

【1】Does unemploymentthreatenyoung adults' developing confidence? Should parents come to theiraidby providing financial help or inviting them to live at homefor a while?

twenty somethings：二十多歲的人

self-worth：自尊，自大沽翔，自負(fù)

threaten：威脅

aid：幫助兢孝，助手，外援

for a while：暫時(shí)仅偎，一會(huì)兒

失業(yè)會(huì)威脅青年人的自信心嗎跨蟹？父母應(yīng)該給予他們金錢援助或請(qǐng)他們來家里住一段時(shí)間嗎？

【2】These questions are important, since rates of unemployment for young people (ages 16-24) in the United States are typically double those for the entirelabor force(in both good and bad economic times), and since returning home after unemployment or other difficulties is also becoming quiteprevalent. Both unemployment and the “failure to launch”jeopardizethetransitionto adulthood, as many young people, facing limited job prospects, delay finishing school,postponeestablishing their ownhouseholdsand starting families, and remainfinanciallydependent.

labor force：勞動(dòng)力

prevalent：流行的橘沥，盛行的; 普遍存在的窗轩，普遍發(fā)生的

[例句]This condition is more prevalent in women than in men.

這種病癥在女性當(dāng)中比在男性當(dāng)中更為普遍。

jeopardize：危及威恼，損害; 使陷入險(xiǎn)境或受傷; 使…遇險(xiǎn)

[例句]The talks may still be jeopardized by disputes.

會(huì)談仍有可能因存在爭(zhēng)端而破裂品姓。

transition：過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變箫措，變遷

[例句]The transition to a multi-party democracy is proving to be difficult.

事實(shí)證明腹备，向多黨民主制的轉(zhuǎn)型非常艱難。

postpone：使延期斤蔓，延緩; 把…放在次要地位; 把…放在后面

[例句]He decided to postpone the expedition until the following day

他決定把探險(xiǎn)推遲到第二天植酥。

household：家庭

financially：財(cái)政上，金融上弦牡，經(jīng)濟(jì)上

[例句]Life for the successful doctor can be emotionally and financially rewarding.

對(duì)于事業(yè)有成的醫(yī)生來說友驮，生活在精神和物質(zhì)兩方面都能令人滿足。

這些問題很重要驾锰，因?yàn)闊o論經(jīng)濟(jì)好的時(shí)候還是壞的時(shí)候卸留，美國16-24歲的年輕人的失業(yè)率都是全體勞動(dòng)力的兩倍。失業(yè)或者遇到其他的困難之后直接回家這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)變的很普遍椭豫。年輕人因?yàn)槭I(yè)或者未能適應(yīng)離家影響了向成人世界的轉(zhuǎn)變耻瑟，他們面臨工作前景差旨指，推遲畢業(yè)，推遲結(jié)婚建立家庭喳整，經(jīng)濟(jì)不能獨(dú)立等許多問題谆构。

［3］A long history of research confirms that, as might be expected in a highlyindividualisticsociety, adults tend to blame themselves when unemployment strikes, increasing the risk of depression anddespair. As unemployment continues, individuals may be considered less "employable" and may either remainjoblessor enter a lower paying job.

Individualistic：個(gè)人主義的

[例句]Most artists are very individualistic

大多數(shù)藝術(shù)家都非常強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人獨(dú)特性。

despair：絕望

employable：稱職的框都，有資格任職的搬素，可雇用的，具備受雇條件的

jobless：無業(yè)的魏保，失業(yè)的熬尺，沒有工作的

研究表明，也是在高度個(gè)人主義的社會(huì)里可以預(yù)料到的——很多成年人面臨失業(yè)的時(shí)候囱淋，都會(huì)趨向于責(zé)備自己猪杭，然后他們變的更加沮喪和絕望。隨著失業(yè)的持續(xù)妥衣，個(gè)人會(huì)被認(rèn)為更難以就業(yè)皂吮，或是繼續(xù)失業(yè)，或是屈就一個(gè)低薪的工作税手。

［4］Young workers may be no different. Even though unstable work histories are common in the early stage of one’s career, economicself-sufficiencyandresidentialindependence are widely acceptedmarkersof adulthood that are threatened by unemployment. Those who do not achieve these and othernormativeadult markers by theirmid-to-latetwenties may question whether they are, in fact, adults.

self-sufficiency：自給自足蜂筹，自立

residential：住宅的，適于作住宅的; 與居住有關(guān)的; 適宜作住宅的

[例句]Fontbonne is a liberal arts college, located in a residential suburb of St. Louis.

芳邦大學(xué)是一所文科大學(xué)芦倒，位于圣路易斯市郊的居民區(qū)艺挪。

marker：（品質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)的）標(biāo)志，代表

normative：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的兵扬，規(guī)范的

[例句]Methods employed include logical analysis and normative analysis.

研究方法：邏輯分析和規(guī)范分析麻裳。

mid-to-late：中下旬，中晚期

年輕的工作者沒有什么不同器钟。一個(gè)人事業(yè)剛開始時(shí)津坑，工作不穩(wěn)定很常見，但是經(jīng)濟(jì)自足和住房獨(dú)立都被認(rèn)為是成年的象征傲霸，而這些都會(huì)受到失業(yè)的威脅疆瑰。25-30歲還未能夠滿足這些條件或其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的成年人標(biāo)志的人，就會(huì)開始自我懷疑昙啄，懷疑自己到底是不是一個(gè)成年人穆役。

［5］Our research considered whether young adults’ sense of confidence in themselves declinesin the face ofunemployment. We drew on a unique dataarchive, theYouth Development Study(YDS), which has monitored the employment status (employed, unemployed, out of the labor force) of acohortof more than 1,000 youth inSt. Paul,Minnesotaas they moved fromadolescenceto adulthood. The members of this cohort were born in 1973-74, entered high school (9th grade) in the Fall of 1987 (when we began to study them), were set for graduation in 1991, and entered the full-time labor force during the relativelyprosperousdecade of the 90s.

in the face of：面對(duì)，面臨

archive：存檔梳凛，檔案文件; 檔案室

[例句]I decided I would go to the Archive the next day and look up the appropriate issue.

我決定第二天去檔案館查找對(duì)應(yīng)的問題耿币。

Youth Development Study：青年發(fā)展研究

cohort：一群人; 同伙，共犯; 支持者

[例句]Drake and his cohorts were not pleased with my appointment.

德雷克那一幫人對(duì)我的任命很不滿韧拒。

St. Paul,?Minnesota：圣保羅明尼蘇達(dá)州

adolescence：青春期; 青年期

[例句]Some people become very self-conscious in adolescence.

有些人在青春期會(huì)變得異常害羞掰读。

prosperous：富裕的; 繁榮的秘狞，興旺的; 幸福的叭莫，運(yùn)氣好的; 良好的

[例句]The place looks more prosperous than ever.

這地方顯得空前繁榮蹈集。

我們的研究考慮了年輕人面對(duì)失業(yè)的自信心是否會(huì)下降。我們采用了一類特別的數(shù)據(jù)——青年發(fā)展研究雇初，該數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)控了圣保羅明尼蘇達(dá)州超過1000名青年人從青年期到成年期的就業(yè)情況（就業(yè)拢肆，失業(yè)還是非勞動(dòng)力）。這群人都出生在1973年到1974年間靖诗，在1987年秋天（這時(shí)我們開始研究他們）進(jìn)入高中（九年級(jí)）郭怪，1991年畢業(yè)，在90年代相對(duì)繁榮的時(shí)期成為全職勞動(dòng)力刊橘。

［6］We began our observations of unemployment andparentalassistanceat age 21-22 (1995), when manyprerogativesof adulthood begin, and ended our observations a decade later, at age 31-32 (in 2005, before the recentGreat Recessionbegan).

parental：父母的

[例句]Medical treatment was sometimes given to children without parental consent

有時(shí)未征得家長同意就對(duì)孩子進(jìn)行了藥物治療鄙才。

assistance：援助，幫助

Prerogative：特權(quán)促绵，君權(quán)攒庵，天賦的特權(quán)（能力等）; 特性，特點(diǎn)败晴，顯著的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

[例句]It is your prerogative to stop seeing that particular therapist and find another one.

你有權(quán)決定不再去看那個(gè)治療師而另找一個(gè)浓冒。

Great Recession：經(jīng)濟(jì)大衰退

我們首先觀察的是21-22歲（1995年）的時(shí)候，也就是他們開始獲得成年期特權(quán)的時(shí)候尖坤，觀察到他們31-32歲（2005年稳懒，大衰退開始前），觀察這些人在不同時(shí)期的失業(yè)率以及從父母那里得到的補(bǔ)助慢味。

［7］The survey wasadministeredseven times over the 11-year study period. We recorded the number of months of unemployment for each individual, and whether they received financial or residential assistance from their parents during unemployment. We also measured theirself-efficacy, or the belief that one can accomplish the goals one sets, by looking at how they answered seven questions in the survey that focused on this. For example,respondentshad to agree or disagree, more or less strongly, to statements like “I can do just about anything Iset my mind todo” and “What happens to me in the future mostly depends on me.”

administer：管理场梆，執(zhí)行，給予

self-efficacy：自我效能

[例句]Objective: To explore the relationships between students in the Teacher Colleges general self-efficacy and setbacks coping styles.

目的：探討高師生一般自我效能感和挫折應(yīng)對(duì)方式的相互關(guān)系纯路。

respondent：回答者

[例句]60 percent of the respondents said they disapproved of the president's performance.

60%的調(diào)查對(duì)象表示不認(rèn)可總統(tǒng)的表現(xiàn)或油。

set one's mind to：下定決心

在過去的11年，一共調(diào)查了7次感昼，記錄的數(shù)據(jù)有每個(gè)人失業(yè)的時(shí)間装哆，以及期間是否接受父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)以及住房上的幫助。另外還通過觀察他們?nèi)绾位卮鹩纱颂岢龅?個(gè)問題定嗓，來衡量他們的自我效能或?qū)ψ约耗軌蛲瓿稍O(shè)立目標(biāo)的信心蜕琴。例如，回答者必須對(duì)“我決定做就能做成宵溅；未來掌握在自己的手中” 這樣的句子是否同意以及強(qiáng)烈程度凌简。

［8］Analyzing how unemployment, bothdimensionsof parental help, and self-efficacy changed over time, we were able toassesswhether youth suffered declines in self-efficacy during periods of unemployment, or when they were receiving parental help (and whether their sense of efficacy was stronger otherwise). Because the sense of self-confidence may be influenced by many other circumstances during this transitionalphaseof life, weaccounted forbackground factors (e.g., parental education and income, the structure of the family of origin, gender, andminoritystatus), as well as life events and experiences (including schoolattendance, educationalattainment, family formation, and serious illness).

dimension：維度，程度恃逻，量度

[例句]He considers the dimensions of the problem

他考慮了問題的嚴(yán)重程度雏搂。

assess：評(píng)定藕施，估價(jià)

phase：階段

account for：導(dǎo)致，解釋凸郑，對(duì)……有責(zé)任

minority：少數(shù)裳食，少數(shù)民族

attendance：出席率，出席芙沥，參加

attainment：達(dá)到诲祸，獲得，成就

從父母幫助和自我效能兩個(gè)維度分析失業(yè)率隨時(shí)間變化的原因而昨，我們能夠評(píng)估青年在失業(yè)期間的自我效能感是否下降救氯，或者當(dāng)他們接受父母的幫助時(shí)（他們的效能感是否更強(qiáng)）。因?yàn)樽孕判目赡軙?huì)受這個(gè)過渡階段許多其他情況的影響歌憨，我們考慮了背景因素（例如着憨，父母的受教育水平以及收入，家庭原始構(gòu)成务嫡，性別以及是否為少數(shù)民族）甲抖，還考慮到了生活經(jīng)歷（包括上學(xué)情況，教育程度植袍、家庭組成和疾病困擾等）惧眠。

［9］We found that unemployment reduced young adults’ self-efficacy whether or not it was accompanied by parental support. Each month of unemployment decreased the young adult’s self-efficacy below the individual’s average self-confidence over the entire study period. Parents’ financial contributions also had a negative effect on self-efficacy, but their housing support (when a young adult lived with them) did not. These negative effects of unemployment and parental financial support were the same for young men and women.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)無論父母會(huì)否給予幫助失業(yè)都會(huì)減少青年人的自我效能。每一個(gè)月的失業(yè)都會(huì)把年輕人的自信心降到整個(gè)研究周期個(gè)體自信心的平均值之下于个。父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助也會(huì)對(duì)自我效能有負(fù)的影響氛魁，但是他們的房屋支持（當(dāng)一個(gè)青年人和父母住在一起）卻不會(huì)。失業(yè)和父母經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的這些負(fù)影響對(duì)于青年男女是一樣的厅篓。

［10］Thus, just like their oldercounterparts, we suggest that youth tend to think they are at fault when they suffer job loss. Parental financial support also appears to reduce their confidence in being able to achieve their goals. ?But why isn’t living with one’s parents similarlydetrimental? This is probably because parental financial and housing support arise in response to different circumstances.

counterpart：極相似的人或物

[例句]The Foreign Secretary telephoned his Italian counterpart to protest.

外交部長致電意大利外長表示抗議秀存。

detrimental：?有害的，不利的

[例句]The government's policy of high interest rates is having a detrimental effect on industry.

政府的高利率政策正對(duì)工業(yè)產(chǎn)生不利影響羽氮。

in response to：對(duì)…做出反應(yīng)或链，應(yīng)……要求

但是，就像他們的老一輩一樣档押，我們認(rèn)為年輕人失業(yè)時(shí)傾向于歸咎自己澳盐、父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助也會(huì)削減他們對(duì)自己能否達(dá)成目標(biāo)的自信心，但是為什么和父母一起居住卻不如此呢令宿？這可能是因?yàn)楦改傅慕?jīng)濟(jì)援助和提供住所面對(duì)的情況不同叼耙。

［11］Previous YDS research found that parents came to the aid of their young adult children who become unemployed by giving them money for living expenses. But parents provided residential support in other circumstances—when youth suffereda variety of negative life events(e.g., a serious illness, a romantic breakup,victimization, etc.) and when they were attending school. Returning to the parental home under these circumstances, often beyond an individual’s control, likely wouldn’tprecipitatethe same level of self-blame as the loss of a job, for which the person might be perceived as more responsible. Finally, young adults who live at home may pay for at least some of their expenses: some pay "rent", do some housework, or contribute to the family’s functioning in other ways.?Unemployed youth, in contrast, cannot immediatelyreciprocatetheir parents’ financial contributions.

a variety of：各種各樣的

negative life events：負(fù)性生活事件，消極生活事件

victimization：迫害粒没，犧牲

precipitate：使（通常指不好的事件或形勢(shì)）突然發(fā)生

reciprocate：報(bào)答筛婉，回報(bào)

過去青年發(fā)展研究曾發(fā)現(xiàn)父母通過給生活費(fèi)來幫助他們年輕的失業(yè)的孩子，但是父母提供住所是在其他情況下——當(dāng)青年人遭受了各類負(fù)面的生活事件（像是生重病癞松、分手爽撒、遭到迫害等）入蛆，或者是上學(xué)的時(shí)候∷段穑回到父母家住哨毁，通常都是超出個(gè)人把控范圍的，因此不會(huì)產(chǎn)生與失業(yè)同樣的自責(zé)首尼。失業(yè)的時(shí)候挑庶，個(gè)人的責(zé)任會(huì)更大一些。最后软能，在家住的孩子們，會(huì)適當(dāng)?shù)慕恍┵M(fèi)用举畸，或者通過做家務(wù)償還“房租”查排，或者通過一些其他的方式回報(bào)父母。而失業(yè)的青年人抄沮，相反地跋核，不能立刻回報(bào)父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。

［12］This topic needs further research. These findings are based on a single cohort of young people initially residing in St. Paul, Minnesota, and should bereplicatedwith a nationally representative sample. Importantly, the period of study did not capture the Great Recession, and the effects of unemployment could differ when there are far more unemployed young people. We also could not study the circumstances of unemployment—for example, whether the youth were unemployed because theyquita job or wereterminatedby their employer. Future studies should also investigate how a person’s self-efficacy influences work-related behaviors, such as goal-setting, job searching, and returning to school toaugment credentialsand skills.

replicate：復(fù)制叛买，重復(fù)

quit：離開砂代，放棄，辭職

terminate：解雇率挣，結(jié)束刻伊，終結(jié)

augment：增強(qiáng)，增加椒功，提高

credentials：證書; 憑證捶箱，證件

[例句]I can testify to the credentials of the clientele.

我可以證明委托人的資質(zhì)。

這個(gè)話題需要更廣泛的研究动漾，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于最初居住在明尼蘇達(dá)州圣保羅市的一組年輕人丁屎，應(yīng)該被拓展到具有代表性的全國樣本。重要的是旱眯，研究的時(shí)間沒有涉及到經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期晨川，那個(gè)時(shí)候失業(yè)人數(shù)更多，應(yīng)該會(huì)有不同的結(jié)果删豺。我們也沒有研究失業(yè)的情況——例如共虑，年輕人失業(yè)是因?yàn)樗麄冝o職了還是被老板開除了？未來的研究應(yīng)該調(diào)查一個(gè)人的自我效能對(duì)工作的影響——工作相關(guān)的行為吼鳞，比如設(shè)立目標(biāo)看蚜、工作搜尋和回到學(xué)校獲取更多的證書和技能。

［13］Yet, despite our study’s limitations and the work that still needs to be done, this research is important. Youth unemployment and parental financial support may have short-term negativepsychologicalconsequences, in that they undermine a sense of efficacy. They may also have long-term detrimental effects on employment.

psychological：心理的; 精神上的赔桌，精神（現(xiàn)象）的; 心理學(xué)（上）的; 關(guān)于心理學(xué)的

[例句]Robyn's loss of memory is a psychological problem, rather than a physical one.

羅賓的失憶是心理問題供炎，而非生理問題渴逻。

但是，盡管我們的研究限制以及還需完成的工作音诫，這份研究仍然很重要惨奕。失業(yè)率和父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助對(duì)年輕人有短期的心理負(fù)作用，他們的效能會(huì)被削弱竭钝。這些也可能對(duì)就業(yè)有長期的不利影響梨撞。

［14］While sociologists and economists have given some attention to labor market “scarring”—the long-term reduction in wages that occurs when young people enter the workforce during periods of high unemployment — less attention has been directed to workers in their twenties and early thirties, who are old enough to be beyond the school-to-work transition, but young enough to avoid age-baseddiscrimination. If young adults are notgainfullyemployed, they cannot achieve objective markers of adulthood, and they may lose out on valuable workplace experiences (e.g., skill development, the formation of work-related ties and social capital).

scarring：傷疤

[例句]Fallopian tube scarring can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

輸卵管瘢痕化會(huì)引起不育和異位妊娠。

discrimination：歧視; 辨別香罐，區(qū)別; 辨別力卧波，識(shí)別力; 不公平的待遇

[例句]She is exempt from sex discrimination laws.

她免受性別歧視法的追究。

gainfully：有利益地庇茫，有收入地

[例句]Clearly there was nothing that could gainfully be said.

顯然港粱，說什么都沒有用了。

盡管社會(huì)學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對(duì)勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)的“傷疤”——年輕人在高失業(yè)率的時(shí)候進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)旦签，會(huì)面臨長期工資下滑現(xiàn)象——給予了一些關(guān)注桃焕，但他們對(duì)二三十歲的工作者關(guān)注相對(duì)較少无午，這些人成熟到已經(jīng)度過了學(xué)校向社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的階段醉锄，但是也不會(huì)因?yàn)槟挲g遇到差別待遇州既。如果年輕人不能夠成功的進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)，那么就不能擁有成人的標(biāo)簽羔巢，也會(huì)失去很多寶貴的職場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)望忆，如技能發(fā)展、工作關(guān)系與社會(huì)資本的形成朵纷。

［15］In sum, we think that unemployment has thepotentialtoerodethe young adult’s confidence in two ways: first, by delaying or preventing successful adult transitions (e.g., economic self-sufficiency, marriage,parenthood, etc.); and second, by providing the occasion for parental financial assistance thatundercutsthe youth’sautonomyand independence. Interventions to reduce the risks of youth unemployment and to make it easier to return to work are urgently needed.

potential：潛能炭臭，潛力

[例句]The city's problems are symptomatic of the crisis that is spreading throughout the country.

該市的問題是正在全國蔓延的危機(jī)的征兆顯現(xiàn)。

erode：侵蝕袍辞，腐蝕鞋仍；逐漸毀壞；削弱搅吁，損害

[例句]By 1980, Miami beach had all but totally eroded

到1980年威创，邁阿密海灘已經(jīng)完全風(fēng)蝕了。

parenthood：為人父母谎懦，父母身份

undercut：削弱肚豺，破壞

autonomy：自主權(quán); 自治，自治權(quán); 自治國界拦，社區(qū)吸申，或集團(tuán)等; 人身自由

[例句]Activists stepped up their demands for local autonomy last month.

上個(gè)月激進(jìn)分子對(duì)地方自治的呼聲更高了。

總的來說，我們認(rèn)為失業(yè)可能以兩種方式侵蝕青年人的信心：一截碴，推遲或阻止成功的成人轉(zhuǎn)變（如經(jīng)濟(jì)自給自足梳侨、結(jié)婚、成為父母等）日丹；二走哺，使父母可能向青年人進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，而削弱了青年人的自主性和獨(dú)立性哲虾。迫切需要采取措施減少青年失業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)丙躏，使其更容易重返工作崗位。

失業(yè)帶來的影響似乎沒有我們想的那么簡(jiǎn)單束凑，除了容易想到的打擊自信心晒旅，也會(huì)間接導(dǎo)致年輕人因接受父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助而感到挫敗。父母因?yàn)閻鄱扇〉闹С志谷灰矔?huì)有負(fù)效果湘今，看來這種資金援助需要有所節(jié)制敢朱，一方面降低孩子的依賴，鼓勵(lì)他們獨(dú)立自主摩瞎，另一方面也可以降低其失敗感。

剛剛畢業(yè)的年輕人孝常，處在初入社會(huì)的階段旗们，他們需要將自己的知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際的價(jià)值，也需要調(diào)整自己來適應(yīng)社會(huì)的規(guī)則构灸，他們需要幫助和鼓勵(lì)上渴，需要被多給一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。關(guān)注而非漠視喜颁，理解而非苛責(zé)稠氮，是這個(gè)社會(huì)應(yīng)該給予他們的。

英文原文：

https://hbr.org/2016/12/how-unemployment-affectstwentysomethings-self-worth

講解：霞姐 / Tiassa / Angel

編排 / 校對(duì)：Angel

版權(quán)歸魔力學(xué)院所有半开，

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