Vocabulary
empirical(experiential,experimental,observed,practical)
? ? ? -(adv. ) based on experiments or experience rather than ideas or theories以實(shí)驗(yàn)（或經(jīng)驗(yàn)）為依據(jù)的山卦；經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的
While it may seem obvious today that a good scientist must rely on empirical evidence, this was not always apparent.
盡管這些杰出的科學(xué)家基于實(shí)踐的原理對于現(xiàn)在而言看起來顯而易見幅疼，它們在當(dāng)時并不是那么的明顯。
example:
? ? ?-He made his name as an empirical economist.
? ? ?-Thinking and maintain a certain distance from the object can change the kind of empirical obsession.(執(zhí)念，著迷)
Origin: empiric?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?-one who relied on practical experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義者
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?-charlatan江湖醫(yī)生
reinforce(strengthen,support,underpin,buttress)
? ? ? ? ? ? (v.) ?-? 1.~ sth 加強(qiáng)；充實(shí)；使更強(qiáng)烈to make a feeling, an idea, etc. stronger
? ? ? ? ? ? ? -2.~ sth 加固刚陡；使更結(jié)實(shí)to make a structure or material stronger, especially by adding another material to it
? ? ? ? ? ? ? -3.~ sth給…加強(qiáng)力量（或裝備）；使更強(qiáng)大to send more people or equipment in order to make an army, etc. stronger
Building on the work of the Arab scientist Alhazen 600 years earlier, and soon to be reinforced by the French philosopher René Descartes, Bacon's scientific method requires scientists to make observations, form a theory to explain what is going on, and then carry out an experiment to see whether the theory works.
? ? ?- Two companies were moved up to reinforce the front line.
? ? ? ? ?調(diào)兩個連去增援前線株汉。
? ? ?- Newspapers like this tend to reinforce people's prejudices.
? ? ? ? ?像這樣的報(bào)紙往往加深人們的偏見筐乳。
hypothesis (theory, proposition, suggestion,supposition)
? ? ? ?(n.) ?- ?[c]（有少量事實(shí)依據(jù)但未被證實(shí)的）假說，假設(shè)an idea or explanation of sth that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be true or correct
? ? ? ? ? ? ? -[u]（憑空的）猜想乔妈，猜測guesses and ideas that are not based on certain knowledge
Making a testable hypothesis or a prediction is always useful.
做出值得考驗(yàn)的假設(shè)和預(yù)測通常都非常的有用蝙云。
1.This hypothesis formed a cornerstone of the theory of general relativity that evolved over the next eight years.
這個假設(shè)成為隨后八年間形成的廣義相對論的一個基石
orbit(n. path, track, course/ v.encircle, loop, revolve)
? ? ? ? ? - ?[c][u]（天體等運(yùn)行的）軌道a curved path followed by a planet or an object as it moves around another planet, star, moon, etc.
? ? ? ? ? - [sing]（人、組織等的）影響范圍路召，勢力范圍an area that a particular person, organization, etc. deals with or is able to influence
……and suggested that all three were the same object, in orbit round the Sun.
speculative(tentative,approximate, rough, provisional)
? ? ? ? ? ? (adj.)-推測的勃刨；猜測的波材；推斷的based on guessing or on opinions that have been formed without knowing all the facts
? ? ? ? ? ? ?-揣摩的；忖度的身隐；試探的showing that you are trying to guess sth
? ? ? ? ? ? ? -投機(jī)性的廷区；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性的done in the hope of making a profit but involving the risk of losing money
Experiments may test a theory, or be purely speculative.
實(shí)驗(yàn)可能是用來檢驗(yàn)一個理論的，或是只是純投機(jī)性的
artillery(arms,weaponry,armaments)
? ? ? ? ? ?(n.)-[u](統(tǒng)稱）火炮large, heavy guns which are often moved on wheels
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -[sing]炮兵部隊(duì)the section of an army trained to use these gun
Rutherford said it was as though an artillery shell had bounced back off tissue paper -and this led him to a new idea about the structure of the atom.
? ? ? ? -Artillery and mortars were zeroed in on the enemy position.
? ? ? ? ? 大炮和迫擊炮對準(zhǔn)敵人的陣地贾铝。
compelling(attractive)
? ? ? ? ?(n.) -引人入勝的隙轻；扣人心弦的that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting
? ? ? ? ? ? -非常強(qiáng)烈的；不可抗拒的so strong that you must do sth about it
? ? ? ? ? ?-令人信服的that makes you think it is true
An experiment is all the more compelling if the scientist, while proposing a new mechanism(a set of moving parts in a machine that performs a task)or theory, can make a prediction about the outcome.
? ? ? ?- No, but there's some compelling evidence that there could be a relationship between the two.
? ? ? ? ?不垢揩，但是有很多強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)可能表現(xiàn)兩者之間關(guān)系玖绿。
crash down
crash:v. hit hard
down
? ? ? ? ? ? crash down?下墜
Every experiment that gives predicted answers is supporting evidence, but one experiment that fails may bring an entire theory crashing down.(讓整個理論崩潰）
fire-element
火元素
apparatus
儀器；器械水孩；裝置the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task
2.[c][ususing]（尤指政黨或政府的）機(jī)構(gòu)镰矿，組織琐驴，機(jī)關(guān)the structure of a system or an organization, particularly that of a political party or a government
3.[c][ususing]器官a system of organs in the body
cathode（陰極）
? ? ? ?－ ? 陽極 ?anode
vacuum［'v?kjum］一個u并不發(fā)音
? ? ? － ?真空的
eclipse?
assert
? ? ? ? ?-明確肯定俘种；斷言to state clearly and firmly that sth is true
? ? ? ? ?-~ yourself堅(jiān)持自己的主張；表現(xiàn)堅(jiān)定to behave in a confident and determined way so that other people pay attention to your opinions
? ?- ?~ sth維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利（或權(quán)威）to make other people recognize your right or authority to do sth, by behaving firmly and confidently
? ?-~ itself生效绝淡；起作用to start to have an effect
He asserted that big object fall faster than little ones.
著名的亞里士多德的錯誤的斷論宙刘。assert更有一種武斷的意味。
crater
supernova
? ? ?- ?超新星a star that suddenly becomes much brighter because it is exploding
nova(新星)
magnificent(superb, wonderful)
? ? ? ? ?熟悉的單詞牢酵，然而記不住……
2017.2.27 from Kristen
