習(xí)題4:詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
第九章 詞典使用
重點(diǎn)提示:牛津高階妓蛮,朗文當(dāng)代嫩舟,科林斯氢烘,搭配詞典,發(fā)音詞典家厌,同義詞詞典播玖,詞根詞典
難點(diǎn)提示:無(wú) ?
1. Dictionaries define words in various ways. Try to define the following words in the given way.?
(1)bird (formal definition): ?a feathered creature with two legs and two wings, usually able to fly.?
(2)beautiful (definition by synonym) : lovely or handsome.?
(3)chilly(definition by antonym): not friendly.?
(4)laugh(definition by context): when you laugh, you make a sound with your throast while smiling and show that you are happy or amused.?
(5)seesaw(operational definition): a game played when children sit on opposite ends of the plank and go up and down alternately.?
(6)blue(definition by example): of the color like the sky on a clear day or the deep sea when the sun is shining.?
第十章 英美詞匯差異
重點(diǎn)提示:發(fā)音差異,意義差異饭于,拼寫(xiě)差異蜀踏,
難點(diǎn)提示:
1. 英美英語(yǔ)最顯著的系統(tǒng)性發(fā)音差異是元音后的/r/ 。 door, father
2. 兩個(gè)元音間的/t/在美式英語(yǔ)讀作/d/掰吕。water, better
3.? 英音中的/?/在美音中常讀作/a:/; (hot)
? ? 英音中的/a:/在美音中常讀作/?/; (dance)
? ? 英音中的/ju:/在美音中常讀作/u:/; (new)
? ? 英音中的/?/在美音中常讀作/?/果覆。 (love)
4. 將下列詞語(yǔ)按照英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)歸類(lèi)。
英式 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 美式 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
nappy ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?diaper ??
note ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?bill
chemist's ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? drugstore
petrol ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?gasoline ?
lorry ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? truck
underground ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? subway ?
第十一章 成語(yǔ)
重點(diǎn)提示:成語(yǔ)的定義殖熟、特征局待、分類(lèi)
難點(diǎn)提示:
第十二章 同義詞與搭配
重點(diǎn)提示:同義詞的意義區(qū)分;搭配的類(lèi)型菱属。
難點(diǎn)提示:
1. 同義詞的意義通常存在一定差別钳榨,這些差別是什么?
(1)概念意義:意義的程度纽门、范圍等差別薛耻。
(2)聯(lián)想意義:1)蘊(yùn)含意義差別;2)文體差別赏陵;3)情感色彩差別饼齿;3)搭配與分布的差別。
(因?yàn)楸绢}與“意義分類(lèi)”知識(shí)點(diǎn)高度重合蝙搔, 所以考試不考缕溉。)
2. 根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)組合的密切程度,搭配可分為哪幾種類(lèi)型吃型?
自由搭配证鸥、習(xí)慣性搭配、固定搭配败玉。
free combination, fixed combination, natural collocation
固定型:a gust of wind, nod your head, shrug your shoulders.
習(xí)慣型搭配:rough life, chain smoker敌土,happy ending?
自由型:kill a bird, drink water
3. 按照所涉及詞的詞性镜硕,英語(yǔ)中的搭配主要有哪些類(lèi)型运翼?
第一大類(lèi):三大詞類(lèi)的互相搭配
(1)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配
日本人學(xué)會(huì)了中國(guó)的飲茶。
The Japanese became accustomed to the Chinese tea-drinking.
這件事告訴我們兴枯,他為人不誠(chéng)實(shí)血淌。
The incident showed that he is dishonest.?
(2)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的搭配?
解決問(wèn)題 solve a problem?
回答問(wèn)題 answer a question?
討論問(wèn)題 discuss an issue?
犯罪 commit a crime ? ??犯錯(cuò) make a mistake?
關(guān)燈turn off the light? (×close)? ? 吃藥take the medicine (×eat)
教師教了很多知識(shí),但學(xué)生并沒(méi)學(xué)到很多知識(shí)。
(×)The teacher taught a lot of knowledge, but the students didn’t learn a lot of knowledge.
(V)The teacher passed on a lot of knowledge,but the students didn’t gain alot of knowledge.
(3)形容詞與名詞的搭配
嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤 ?a grave mistake?
巨大的危險(xiǎn) ?grave danger?
濃茶 strong tea ? ??淡茶 weak tea?
濃湯 thick soup ? ??淡湯 thin soup?
第二大類(lèi):介詞類(lèi)搭配
(4)介詞與名詞的搭配
詞匯學(xué)基礎(chǔ) foundation of lexicology ??
詞匯學(xué)導(dǎo)論 introduction to lexicolgy ?
Please find a?solution to?this problem as soon as possible. 請(qǐng)盡快找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決方法。
在學(xué)校 at the school ? ? ? ?在醫(yī)院 in the hospital ?
(5)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配
Please?concentrate on?one thing at a time. 一次請(qǐng)關(guān)注一件事情悠夯。
You can?appeal to?higher court. 你可以向更高法院上訴癌淮。
(6)形容詞與介詞的搭配
He is?indifferent to?my feelings. 他對(duì)我的感受毫不在意。
The country is?rich in?water. 這個(gè)國(guó)家水資源豐富沦补。
第三大類(lèi):副詞類(lèi)搭配
(7)副詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配
完全同意 ?completely/fully agree
衷心感謝 ?thank sb. sincerely/heartily?
堅(jiān)決反對(duì) ?firmly/strongly oppose?
嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé) ?strongly condemn?
(8)副詞與形容詞的搭配
非常生氣 ?extremely angry?
It is _________ to see a panda in the wild.?
a)?completely unusual?
b) highly unusual? ? √
c)?deeply unusual
d)?strongly unusual
At a price of £200 per bottle, that wine is _________.
a)?absolutely expensive
b) ridiculously expensive √
c)?strongly expensive
d)?utterly expensive
總論
1. Organize the following terms into a tree diagram to show their logical relationship. Some of the terms may be used twice.?
lexicology, ? ?study of individual words, ? ?study of vocabulary,?
diachronic study, ? ?synchronic study, ? ?morphological structure,?
word meaning, ? ?pragmatic meaning, ? ?word formation,?
sense relations, ? ?vocabulary evolution, ? ?changes in word meaning,
?classification of words. ??