一紧显、含義
狀語從句指在復(fù)合句中將句子用作狀語讲衫,起到副詞的作用,用來修飾動詞、形容詞涉兽、副詞或者整個句子招驴。
二、連接詞
從屬連詞:引導(dǎo)的狀語從句位置比較靈活枷畏,大多位于主句之前或之后皆可别厘,位于主句之前時通常用逗號隔開。從引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞的意義來看拥诡,可分為引導(dǎo)時間触趴、地點(diǎn)、條件渴肉、原因冗懦、比較、方式仇祭、結(jié)果披蕉、目的、讓步乌奇。
時間狀語從句
此類連詞主要有:when, while, after(在...之后), before(在...之前), as, as soon as(一...就) , now(that), until, till, once, since,whenever, no sooner...than,hardly/barely/scarcely...when等没讲。
every time, each time, next time, the last time, the moment,the minute,the instant,as soon as,by the time (到...為止),immediately,directly,instantly等,引導(dǎo)句子其作用相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句礁苗。
She felt a thrill the moment she got into the theatre.她一進(jìn)劇場就感到一種激動食零。
Every time he got to Beijing, he came to see me.每次他來北京,他都來看我寂屏。
When I got to the theatre, I found that they had sold all the tickets.當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)劇院時贰谣,我發(fā)現(xiàn)票已售完。
We should strike while the iron is hot.我們要趁熱打鐵迁霎。
Since he entered the university, he has made great progress in his studies.進(jìn)入大學(xué)以來吱抚,他在學(xué)業(yè)上已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步。
They kept on working until/till it became dark.他們一直工作到天黑考廉。(延續(xù)性動詞)
Once you begin , you must go on. 你一旦開始秘豹,就必須繼續(xù)下去。
You seem to have a ready-made answer, whenever I ask you a question.每逢我問你問題, 你總好象有現(xiàn)成的答案昌粤。
Now (that) you are here, you'd better stay.你既然來了既绕,那就不要走了。
No sooner had they got to the field than it began to rain.他們剛到田里就開始下雨了涮坐。(半倒裝凄贩,過去完成,過去式)
Hardly had he set foot on his native land when he felt comfortable.他一踏上祖國的土地就感到心情舒暢袱讹。(半倒裝疲扎,過去完成,過去式)
時態(tài):主將從現(xiàn)
注意點(diǎn):
①當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)一般疑問句,或者名詞性從句的時候椒丧,從句用的最多的是一般過去時壹甥,主句的時態(tài)是沒有限制的。
多數(shù)情況下壶熏,when從句用的都是一般過去時句柠,不用正在進(jìn)行時。
eg: When I got to the railway station, the train had left.
②when棒假,while溯职,as的用法:
一般情況下,這三者是可以換著用的淆衷。
但是缸榄,在這2中情況下,是不可以互換的:
第一種情況:從句謂語時瞬間動詞時祝拯,不可以用as或者while甚带,只能用when。而從句中的動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時佳头,三者都可用鹰贵。
常用的瞬間動詞有open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等
第二種情況:as的從句一般很少使用進(jìn)行時。
③since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句常用一般過去時康嘉,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時碉输。
(have/has done+since+did)
④當(dāng)no sooner,hardly或scarcely位于句首時亭珍,主句應(yīng)部分倒裝(把had放在主句后面)
no sooner+had done+than+did從句
hardly/scarcely+had done+when+did從句
地點(diǎn)狀語從句
從屬連詞:where(表特指)敷钾,wherever(表泛指,抽象概念)肄梨,everywhere,anywhere等阻荒。
You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣,將東西放在你能找到的地方众羡。
After the war, a new school building was put up where there once had been a theatre. 戰(zhàn)后侨赡,在以前的劇院處建了一所新學(xué)校。
Leave her where she is. 把她留在原地粱侣。
You can take it with you wherever you go.你不論去哪里羊壹,都可隨身攜帶它。
注意:如何區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句齐婴,還是狀語從句油猫?
引導(dǎo)定語從句時:where的前面有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞,where的作用是修飾先行詞尔店。
引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句:where可以直接修飾主語的謂語動詞眨攘。
eg: The shop where I bought this book is not far from home.
原因狀語從句
連接詞:because, for,as, since, now(that)(既然)主慰,seeing that(鑒于),considering that(鑒于),in that(由于嚣州,因為),on the ground that,for the reason that,by the reason that,for fear that等鲫售。
We couldn't cross the river because the water had risen.水已經(jīng)上漲了,所以我們沒能過河该肴。
Since everyoneis here, let's begin.既然大家都來了情竹,我們就開始吧。
I must stop writing now, as I have rather a lot of work to do.我必須停筆了匀哄,因為我還有許多工作要做秦效。
Now that you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了這個機(jī)會,你可以充分的利用它了涎嚼。
時態(tài):一般情況下阱州,原因狀語從句中的動詞時態(tài)是和主句中的保持一致的,主過從過法梯,主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)苔货。
注意點(diǎn)
① because, since, as三者都有“因為”的意思,一般情況下可以互換立哑,它們的語氣由強(qiáng)至弱依次為:because→since→as
② 強(qiáng)調(diào)原因的時候夜惭,一般用because,它一般用來引出大家不知道的信息铛绰,一般放于主句后诈茧。
③ since(既然,由于)引導(dǎo)的從句一般指的是顯而易見的捂掰,或者大家已經(jīng)知道的原因敢会。一般位于主句前。
④ as(因為)和since的所表達(dá)的意思基本一致这嚣,就是語氣上更弱鸥昏,沒有since正式。一般位于主句前疤苹。
⑤for后面跟的是補(bǔ)充說明的理由互广,一般位于主語之后。
結(jié)果狀語從句
引導(dǎo)詞:
so that結(jié)果是卧土,以致惫皱,所以;so…that…如此…以至于…尤莺;such…that…如此…以至于…;as a result
They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else. 他們彼此見到面旅敷,高興得把別的事情都忘記了。
It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.天氣非常寒冷颤霎, 以至于街上沒有任何人媳谁。
It is so cold that all the water pipes have frozen.天太冷涂滴,所有的水管都凍住了。
注意點(diǎn):
①so that既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句晴音,又可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句柔纵。
區(qū)別
引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句(以便于...):
(1)從句常用can,could锤躁,may搁料,might,will系羞,would等情態(tài)動詞郭计;
(2)表示一種意欲或可能性;
(3)從句之前不用逗號椒振。
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句:
(1)從句一般沒有情態(tài)動詞
(2)表示一種事實
(3)從句與主語之間往往用逗號隔開
注意:從句含情態(tài)動詞的為目的狀語從句
②so是副詞昭伸,修飾形容詞或副詞;such是形容詞澎迎,修飾名詞庐杨。
條件狀語從句
引導(dǎo)詞:
①如果類
if(如果);in case(萬一)嗡善;unless=if…not…除非辑莫,如果…不…;on condition that如果罩引,條件是
②假如類
Providing/provided(that)各吨;supposing;
③只要類
as/so long as(只要) 袁铐,only if
注意點(diǎn)
區(qū)別in case
①引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句(虛擬語氣)
意為“以防揭蜒,以免”時,從句作用含有can剔桨,could屉更,may等情態(tài)動詞(虛擬語氣--從句中的謂語動詞必須用should+動詞原形)
②引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句
意為“如果,萬一”時洒缀,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句
讓步狀語從句
1)引導(dǎo)詞
①雖然類
as盡管(用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))瑰谜,though雖然,although雖然树绩,while
②even if/though即使
③疑問詞+ever類
no matter how/what/where/when/which不管怎樣/什么/何處/何時/哪個=however/whatever/wherever/whenever/whichever萨脑;whether…or not不管能否
Though my father is old,yet he wants to do something for our country.我爸雖然老了,可他還要為國家做點(diǎn)事饺饭。
Even if there are difficulties渤早, we must do it well.即使有困難,我們也要把工作做好瘫俊。
Young as I am,I know some of the family secrets.盡管我年齡小鹊杖,我知道一些家庭秘密悴灵。
Nobody believed him no matter what he said.不管他說什么每人相信他。
Much as I have travelled,I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John. 雖然我去了很多地方骂蓖,但是我從來沒有見過像約翰這么能干的人积瞒。(強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞)
2)注意點(diǎn):
①No matter how/however+形/副+主+謂/系(陳述句)
②倒裝:as 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句倒裝可強(qiáng)調(diào)名/形/動/副,名詞涯竟、形容詞和副詞的最高級提前時需要省略a/an/the
結(jié)構(gòu):被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+as+主+謂/系
though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時赡鲜,可以倒裝空厌,也可以不用倒裝
although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時庐船,不可以倒裝
③連用:though,although都不能和but連用嘲更,但可以與yet筐钟,still等連用。
方式狀語從句
(1)引導(dǎo)詞
as按照赋朦;(just)as…so正如…也篓冲;as if/though好像...似的;the way像…那樣宠哄,用…的方法
as :正如壹将,就像(一般位于句中)just as:一般位于句首
when in rome,do as the romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.當(dāng)把鉛筆一部分放到水里時,鉛筆看上去就像斷了毛嫉。
We did as he told us. 我們照他叮囑的做了诽俯。
He spoke as though he knew the question very well.他說得好像對這個問題知道得很清楚。注意:以as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句承粤,其謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣暴区。與現(xiàn)在相反的情況用過去時,與過去相反的情況用過去完成時辛臊。
(2)注意點(diǎn)
區(qū)別as if/though
引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句:
(1)可以用陳述語氣仙粱,表示所說情況時事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大
(2)可以用虛擬語氣,表示不符合事實或與事實相反的情況
引導(dǎo)表語從句:
常跟在系動詞look彻舰,sound伐割,seem,appear等后面刃唤。
目的狀語從句
(1)引導(dǎo)詞
①為了類
so that為了隔心,為的是,目的是透揣,以便济炎,in order that 為了,為的是辐真,以便(兩者其后常接情態(tài)動詞)
②以防類
for fear that唯恐须尚,生怕崖堤,以防;in case以免以防;lest 以免,生怕耐床,以防(虛擬語氣--從句中的謂語動詞必須用should+動詞原形)
Ihurried so that I wouldn't be late for class. 為了上課不遲到我們趕緊走密幔。
John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 約翰把大家關(guān)在廚房外邊,是為了能夠為晚會烹飪出人意料的飯菜撩轰。
比較狀語從句
(1)引導(dǎo)詞
as…as像…一樣胯甩;not as/so…as不像…一樣;not the same/such…as和…不一樣堪嫂;the+比較級偎箫,the+比較級,越…皆串,就越…
than比;
John plays football as well as, if not better than, David. 約翰踢足球和大維比如果不比他好的話淹办,至少和他踢得一樣好。
I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我想漢語比其他任何科目都更受歡迎恶复。
Do you think that art is as interesting as music?你認(rèn)為美術(shù)與音樂一樣有趣嗎?
倍數(shù)比較(比較級)
(1)“A+謂語+倍數(shù)+形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+B”
(2)“A+謂語+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as+B”
(3)“A+謂語+倍數(shù)+the size/length/height/width…+of+B”
as…as怜森,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句
(1)常省略可主語相同的部分,只留下相比較的部分
(2)常用助動詞或情態(tài)動詞的某種形式代替與主語相同的謂語部分