Module 1 Planning a speech

1. Structuring a speech

The opening：In the opening of your speech, remember to tell the audience what it's about.

• The reason we're here is to talk about our achievements and results.

你還需要一個(gè)hook來抓住他們的注意力同辣。問一個(gè)發(fā)人深省的問題冶忱，說一個(gè)有趣的語句猖闪，背誦一個(gè)相關(guān)的引文，甚至講一個(gè)笑話钱豁。

• We've had a great quarter, and I want to share it with you.

正文
將你的演講正文按一系列的論點(diǎn)來進(jìn)行組織：例如：描述一個(gè)成就，談問題和解決方案盟蚣，然后描述結(jié)果刺覆。

• My first point is about our manufacturing achievements.

組織你的論點(diǎn)是個(gè)好主意，這樣的話它們能有邏輯地搭建起來姨涡。

• Having looked at our achievements in manufacturing, let's move on to talk about some issues we faced

一些可以組織你的講話要點(diǎn)的方法包括比較和對比梗逮，按時(shí)間順序描述事件，以及提出問題和解決方案绣溜。

• I've told you about the issues; so, now the solutions.

結(jié)束
用你的演講的結(jié)尾來總結(jié)你所談到的慷彤。

• In closing, we've increased our profits and fixed some of our biggest issues this year.

嘗試給你的觀眾留下積極的信息，如贊揚(yáng)或樂觀的情緒怖喻。

• Before you go, I'd like to add that this was all possible because of you: our team.

2. Describing your intent

Email 1
If you want me to highlight our progress over the last year, should I speak about the Katis project in particular? What do you think? Would you also like me to mention the Max Inc. deal? It caused us some problems, and I was wondering if it's still too sensitive a topic to mention. Overall, what do you want the message to be? One thought I had was to talk about how we're focusing on increasing profits, but I wanted to get your approval first. I could also mention that we don't want to continue talking about our past problems?

Email 2
I want you to celebrate our progress over the last financial year, particularly on the Katis project. You should also include a brief overview of the Max Inc. contract, the losses it has caused and the fact that we intend not to renew with them. We need to make sure the message is we're focusing on the positives and increasing our profits. We don't want to dwell on past problems.

Email 3
I was thinking that we should highlight our progress in the last year, especially the Katis project. It also might be best if we don't bring up the Max Inc. deal. It has caused some heavy losses and we'd like to get rid of it soon. All in all, I'm seeing our message to the department as looking like we're focusing on increasing our bottom line, not getting bogged down in debating past turbulence.

說明你的意圖
有多種方式來說明你的意圖或要求底哗。你可以相當(dāng)直接地去做：

• I want to highlight how much we help the community.
• We need to include information about our efforts to help others.

像這樣表達(dá)使你想要的很清楚，但也可以被認(rèn)為是無禮的锚沸，特別是如果你不太了解另一個(gè)人跋选，或者如果他們是你的老板的情況下。在這些情形下哗蜈，通常最好使用更柔和前标，更間接的方法：

• Would you like me to mention the Van Patten project?
• I could touch on the sales figures from last quarter.
  但是請注意，缺點(diǎn)：使用這種語言可能會(huì)讓人覺得你缺乏權(quán)威和信心距潘。

軟化你的意圖
軟化你要表達(dá)你的意圖而不會(huì)失去權(quán)威的一個(gè)有效方法是使用動(dòng)詞像think, consider, see 和 imagine炼列，的進(jìn)行時(shí)。

• I was thinking that I'd include something about the Green Prize.
• I'm considering highlighting how much we help the community.

另一種方法是使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如could, would和might:

• It might be best if I provided some details about the new TV ad.
• It could be useful to cover the staff training program.
• It would be a great idea to talk about the product launch.
  在你寫或說一些重要的事情之前音比，考慮你正在和誰說話總是好的俭尖。找到正確的基調(diào)始終是一個(gè)平衡。

3. l cover">Describing what you'll cover

Hi, Chelsea.

I've finished my outline for the speech. Here it is:
To open, I was thinking we should include something about our projects. We're doing OK, but there have been some issues, so it would be a good idea for me to briefly comment on those.
In the body of my speech, I'm considering talking about the staff training program. It could be useful to do that as then I can transition to the changes in responsibilities for some of our team members.
Finally, I'm seeing the end of the presentation being open for Q&A with the team. They'll want to know what's coming next. I'll touch on that at the beginning of the presentation, but they'll want to know more details.

Let me know if you have any questions,

Best,

Hank

你會(huì)提到什么？
使用像這樣的表述來形容可能在演講中包含的內(nèi)容：
*I think we should include something about the great response we got from Ray Corp.
*I'll try to cover the latest survey results toward the end.

如果你只是想很短地或不太詳細(xì)地談?wù)撃呈禄纾褂眠@樣的表達(dá)方式：
*I'll briefly comment on the customer complaint case.
*I'll touch on the website after I've talked about the new phone app.
*I can mention the contract renewal process in passing.

這是描述你將如何在演講中連接想法的一種方式：
*I can transition from talking about the prime-logistics.com account to our new contract with Big Company.

Module 2 Drafting an engaging speech

1. oiding repetition

避免重復(fù)
嘗試在你的演講中加入多樣性或者興趣點(diǎn)來避免重復(fù)焰望。例如，如果需要不止一次指代同一人已亥，物熊赖，或想法，你可以使用同義詞虑椎。

• We've never received so much attention from the media and the consumers. 我們從來沒有得到媒體和廣大消費(fèi)者的這么多的關(guān)注震鹉。
• Information about shoppers is what fertilizes our garden and keeps it growing. 有關(guān)消費(fèi)者的信息是什么能使我們的花園肥沃并使其保持生長。
• Now we can also engage directly with our clients' concerns. 現(xiàn)在绣檬，我們也可以直接應(yīng)對我們的客戶的擔(dān)心足陨。

你還可以添加修飾詞來創(chuàng)制出更具吸引力的短語。

• The problem was our lack of insight into our valued customers' behaviors. 問題是缺乏對我們尊敬的客戶的行為的了解娇未。

如果你認(rèn)為對聽者來說是明顯的墨缘，你可以使用不太具體的單詞：

• We've never had such detailed information about these people. 我們從來沒有關(guān)于這些人的如此詳細(xì)的信息。

或者你可以更具體些：

• This one shopper gave us the most interesting ideas. 這一個(gè)顧客給了我們最有趣的想法零抬。

另一種可以添加多樣性的方法是使用定語從句镊讼。請注意這個(gè)短語仍然指的是customers或者consumers:

• I'd like to share how we have addressed our poor understanding of the people who keep us in business. 我想與大家分享我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q我們對使我們?nèi)匀挥猩獾娜巳狈α私獾膯栴}。

2. ing metaphor

使用暗喻創(chuàng)建影響
用暗喻來使論點(diǎn)更有趣或影響力平夜。當(dāng)你正在做一個(gè)演講時(shí)蝶棋，使用與感情有強(qiáng)大關(guān)聯(lián)的暗喻，或者讓觀眾容易理解的暗喻是個(gè)好主意忽妒。有關(guān)戰(zhàn)斗或者旅途的暗喻是很常見的：

• We will fight our competitors in every market and win the war.
• We are at a fork in the road, and we must make some difficult decisions.
  但是玩裙，要小心使用這種常見的暗喻。他們可以聽起來像陳詞濫調(diào)段直。

一致的暗喻
選擇一個(gè)你可以貫穿使用在整個(gè)演講中的暗喻吃溅。始終使用相同的暗喻能讓演講更具有吸引力和效果。

• Let me begin with a story about our journey over the last year.
• When we started out on this road, we were moving very slowly.
• Our competitors overtook us with their new phone at the start of the year.
• However, we made up ground, and released an easy-to-drive, economical new model.
• It was a success. As a result, our sales went up dramatically, and before long we were cruising.

Module 3 Adding cohesion to a speech

1. Transitioning between points

重述你說的話
使用像這樣的表達(dá)方式去提醒觀眾你剛才所說的鸯檬，：

• To briefly recap this section, we succeeded in reigniting our sales. 簡要概括這個(gè)部分决侈，我們成功地提高了我們的銷售。
• Before we move on, allow me to quickly summarize: This year has been a mixed bag. Some success and some failure. 在我們繼續(xù)之前喧务，請?jiān)试S我快速地總結(jié)：今年是個(gè)混合年赖歌。既有成功，也有失敗功茴。
• Let me quickly go over the key information again. We are well on our way to achieving our goals. 讓我趕緊再次快速回顧一下關(guān)鍵信息庐冯。我們在達(dá)到我們的目標(biāo)的路上已經(jīng)做了很多。

過渡到一個(gè)新的論點(diǎn)
重述后痊土，你可以用這些表達(dá)方式順利地過渡到另一點(diǎn)：

• This brings me to my next point, which is about marketing. 這將我?guī)У轿业南乱稽c(diǎn)肄扎，就是市場營銷。
• With this in mind, let's proceed to look at our production figures. 考慮到這一點(diǎn)赁酝，讓我們繼續(xù)來看看我們的生產(chǎn)數(shù)字犯祠。
• Having examined how we secured the Prettle account, I want to look at new business in general. 檢查了我們?nèi)绾未_保Prettle帳戶的，我想大體看一下新的業(yè)務(wù)酌呆。
• Now it's time to talk about the Green Business awards. I'm sure you're all excited. 現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候談?wù)劸G色企業(yè)大獎(jiǎng)了衡载。我敢肯定，你們都很興奮隙袁。

• To briefly recap this section, sales increased. 簡單概括這部分痰娱，銷售業(yè)績增長了。
• This brings me to my next point: marketing. 這就引出了我下一個(gè)要說的點(diǎn)：市場菩收。
• Before we move on, allow me to quickly summarize. 在我們繼續(xù)之前梨睁，讓我快速地總結(jié)一下。
• With this in mind, let's proceed to production. 記住這點(diǎn)娜饵，讓我們繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)坡贺。
• Let me quickly go over the key information again. 讓我快速地仔細(xì)檢查一遍關(guān)鍵信息。
• Having examined production, next is research. 檢查過了生產(chǎn)之后箱舞，接下來就是要著手調(diào)研遍坟。
• Now it's time to talk about our staff awards. 現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候來談一下我們的員工獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)了。

2. revious points">Referring back to previous points

At the beginning of the last quarter, we faced two outstanding issues that had been impacting the company's performance for some time. What were those issues? Well, as you should already know, they were a limited range of marketing channels and our lack of insight into our valued customers' behaviors and preferences. Addressing such issues had to be, and still is, the number one priority in our team's pipeline.

With this in mind, let's proceed to how we strived for solutions to our biggest problems and planted the seeds for growth. First of all, we were able to recognize and cultivate the fertile territory of digital marketing; with the aid of the design and tech teams, we broke new ground with our first ever social media campaign, growing our presence online and really pushing our brand to the people. But why social media? The goal should be obvious: to expand that narrow range of marketing options, which I brought up a few minutes ago.

The effects of this campaign were immediately visible. Umm, what we have here on the screen is the data from the campaign. You can see rapid growth of our followers on social media, reposts of microblogs and shares of our promoted stories even after the campaign had ended. It was an exciting success, and we will continue nurturing these shoots of growth. To recap this part: we experimented with modern marketing channels, exposing us to brand-new markets, and it worked. We're even hoping that this experiment will help shape our marketing strategy long into the future. Just how it will do that is the focus of the next part of my presentation.

So, having examined how we tackled our first issue, I'd like to share how we have addressed our poor understanding of the people who keep us in business, which we were talking about in the beginning.

回指
隨著演講的推進(jìn)晴股，人們很容易忘記前面已經(jīng)提到的愿伴。你可以通過提醒他們你早些時(shí)候所說的來幫助人們了解演講的要點(diǎn)是如何結(jié)合在一起的。

• As you can see, we were influenced by the market, a point that was brought up earlier. 正如你們所看到的电湘，我們被市場影響隔节，這是早些時(shí)候提到的一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。
• This is connected to my point about customer information, which we were looking at just now. 這連系到我們剛才看的有關(guān)客戶信息的我的論點(diǎn)寂呛。
• It's obvious that we can do better for our customers, which echoes the previous point about our poor sales performance. 很明顯怎诫，我們能為我們的客戶做得更好，這正呼應(yīng)前面提到的咱們那可憐的銷售業(yè)績的論點(diǎn)昧谊。

3. Referencing with pronouns

At the beginning of the last quarter, we faced two outstanding issues that had been impacting the company's performance for some time. What were those issues? Well, as you should already know, they were a limited range of marketing channels and our lack of insight into our valued customers’ behaviors and preferences. Addressing such issues had to be, and still is, the number one priority in our team's pipeline.

With this in mind, let's proceed to how we strived for solutions to our biggest problems and planted the seeds for growth. First of all, we were able to recognize and cultivate the fertile territory of digital marketing; with the aid of the design and tech teams, we broke new ground with our first ever social media campaign, growing our presence online and really pushing our brand to the people. But why social media? The goal should be obvious: to expand that narrow range of marketing options, which I brought up few minutes ago.

用代詞指代
你可能已經(jīng)知道刽虹，你可以通過使用人稱代詞如it, they 和 them來避免重復(fù):

• We had several issues with the proposal. They were the high price and high risk. 針對這個(gè)提議我們有幾個(gè)問題。它們是高價(jià)格和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢诬。

你還可以使用this, that, these 和 those來回指某事涌哲。

• Marketing has to be our number one priority. With this in mind … 營銷一定是我們的首要任務(wù)∩辛考慮到這一點(diǎn)…

你也可以前指來引發(fā)興趣阀圾，但是記得澄清你在說的是什么。注意this是如何在它后面的句子中被澄清的：

• OK, this is what we're going to do. We're going to have the company party next week. 好的狗唉，這是我們要做的事初烘。我們將要在下周開公司聚會(huì)。

另一種你可以指代剛剛所提及的事的方法是使用such:

• Addressing such issues has to be our number one priority. 解決這些問題必須是我們的的首要任務(wù)。

• We had many customer complaints this quarter. 這個(gè)季度我們有很多客人的投訴肾筐。
• It was difficult to deal with such complaints. 處理這樣的投訴很難哆料。
• One project, the Killian account, didn't do well. Killian賬戶那個(gè)項(xiàng)目沒有做得很好。
• We've had to shut that project down. 我們不得不終止那個(gè)項(xiàng)目吗铐。
• I'd like to talk about the financial results. 我想來談一下財(cái)務(wù)業(yè)績东亦。
• These results are the best we've ever had. 這些是我們得到過的最好的結(jié)果。

Module 4 Adding visual support

1. Creating visual aids

視覺輔助工具中的簡潔語言
視覺輔助工具方面唬渗，可以使用標(biāo)題典阵，短句和fragments（片段），以節(jié)省空間镊逝。例如壮啊，你可以用不定式來描述計(jì)劃，目標(biāo)和行動(dòng)要點(diǎn)：
Plans for next quarter

• – To review the staff incentive program
• – To implement a staff rewards and discount program
• – To run a staff satisfaction survey

你可以使用動(dòng)名詞來描述持續(xù)性活動(dòng)：
Better working habits

• – Limiting duration of meetings
• – Sending follow-up emails after meetings

你也可以用過去分詞來表示成就：
Achievements

• – Reduced overheads on inventory storage by 30%
• – Maintained low refund rate at 2.5%
  如果你使用片段撑蒜，一直使用它們歹啼，確保它們與幻燈片的標(biāo)題匹配。

2. Proofreading your slides

校對
校對所有你的寫作是一個(gè)好主意减江。當(dāng)你校對時(shí)染突，檢查拼寫，標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語法錯(cuò)誤辈灼。

簡潔和一致
視覺輔助工具方面份企，進(jìn)行檢查以確保你一致地使用文本。確保它們都使用相同的形式和一致的時(shí)態(tài)：
Company mission

• – Supplying the best service
• – Designing the best products
• – Employing the best staff

檢查你的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是否一致巡莹。完整的句子使用大寫字母和句號(hào)司志。片段不要使用句號(hào)。如果你在一個(gè)片段中大寫第一個(gè)字母降宅，大寫所有的：
Company mission

• – Supplying the best service
• – Designing the best products
• – Employing the best staff

檢查以確保你的整個(gè)演示文稿標(biāo)題使用相同的風(fēng)格：
Slide 1: To fix last month's issues

• – Put a dedicated team on the project
• – Ran daily meetings to fix the biggest blockers
• – Researched and brainstormed issues as a team

Slide 2: To prevent any problems this month

• – Develop a monitoring system
• – Purchase upgraded software

3. isual aids">Directing attention to visual aids

引導(dǎo)你的觀眾的注意力
當(dāng)你想讓你的聽眾特別注意你的視覺輔助工具時(shí)骂远，你就可以使用這些表達(dá)方式：

• If you could look at the graph, you'll see that we've been doing very well. 如果您能看一下圖表，您會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們一直做得很好腰根。
• Let me direct your attention to the slides and this graph at the top. 請您看一下幻燈片和上方的這個(gè)圖表激才。
• If you direct your eyes to the screen, you'll notice a chart of shopper age groups. 如果您看一下屏幕，您會(huì)看到一個(gè)購物者年齡組的圖表额嘿。
• What we have here is a set of survey results. 這里是一組調(diào)查結(jié)果瘸恼。

解釋一個(gè)視覺資料
一旦你將觀眾的注意力吸引到視覺資料上了，使用這樣的表達(dá)方式來幫助他們理解信息：

• What this tells us is that we should be doing more to reach younger shoppers. 這告訴我們的是册养，我們應(yīng)該做更多的事情东帅，以引起年輕的購物者的注意。
• What we can take from this is that an increasing number of people buy things online. 從這我們可以看出越來越多的人在網(wǎng)上買東西球拦。

• Today, I'd like to talk about our achievements. 今天靠闭，我想來談一下我們的業(yè)績帐我。
• My main point is our success with Crum, Inc. 我重點(diǎn)想要說的就是我們與Crum股份有限公司取得的成功。
• With this in mind, let's look first at problems. 記住這點(diǎn)愧膀，讓我們先來看一下問題拦键。
• If you can direct your eyes to the graph here. 請注意看一下這里的圖表。
• What this tells us is that defect numbers rose. 這告訴我們?nèi)毕莸臄?shù)量增加了扇调。
• If you look at this graph, you'll see the data. 如果你看一下這個(gè)圖表矿咕，你將會(huì)看到這些數(shù)據(jù)抢肛。