Who Should Be Saved First? Experts Offer Ethical Guidance
應(yīng)該先救誰钝吮？專家提供倫理指導(dǎo)
--------From YLYK 每日外刊精讀專輯
How do doctors and hospitals decide who gets potentially lifesaving treatment and who doesn’t?
醫(yī)生和醫(yī)院如何決定誰可以得到可能挽救生命的治療，誰得不到妆够？
Facing this dilemma recently, Italian doctors sought ethical counsel and were told to consider an approach that draws on utilitarian principles.
最近媒怯，面對這樣的兩難抉擇垢粮，意大利醫(yī)生向?qū)＜覍で髠惱斫ㄗh物喷，得知可以考慮采用基于效益主義原則的方法起宽。
In layman’s terms, a utilitarianism approach would maximize overall health by directing care toward those most likely to benefit the most from it. If you had only one ventilator, it would go to someone more likely to survive instead of someone deemed unlikely to do so.
通俗來說，效益主義的方法會把醫(yī)療資源分配到那些最有可能從中獲取最大收益的人身上瘫俊，從而使整體健康狀況最優(yōu)化鹊杖。如果你只有一個呼吸機(jī)悴灵，它會被分給更有可能存活的人，而不是那些被判斷為不太可能活下來的人骂蓖。
Another principle recommended by medical ethicists is to take tough choices out of the hands of front-line clinicians. Instead, have dedicated triage officers decide. Also, decisions should be free of financial considerations or the social status of patients, something that seems to have been violated in the provision of scarce coronavirus tests to N.B.A. players, for example.
醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)家建議的另一個原則是不要讓一線臨床醫(yī)生來做這個艱難的抉擇积瞒，而應(yīng)該讓專職的分診負(fù)責(zé)人來決定。此外涯竟，決策不應(yīng)受經(jīng)濟(jì)因素或患者的社會地位影響赡鲜，而最近為NBA球員提供稀缺的新冠病毒檢測的例子空厌，似乎就違反了這一點(diǎn)庐船。
“Key is to be transparent about the principles, save as many lives as possible, and ensure that there are no considerations such as money, race, ethnicity or political pull that go into allocation of lifesaving resources such as ventilators,” said Dr. Tom Frieden, former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
疾病控制和預(yù)防中心前主任湯姆·弗里登博士說：“關(guān)鍵是要對這些原則保持透明，盡可能多地拯救生命嘲更，并確保在分配呼吸機(jī)等救命的資源時(shí)筐钟，不會受到金錢、種族赋朦、族裔或政治影響等因素的左右篓冲。”
拓展：
推薦閱讀邁克爾·桑德爾的兩本書：
1. What Money Can't Buy 《金錢不能買什么宠哄？》
2. Justice 《公正》
生詞好句
ethical?UK /?eθ?k?l/ US /?eθ?k?l/?adj. 倫理的壹将，和倫理相關(guān)的；合乎倫理的
ethical practice 合乎倫理的做法
ethical experiment 合乎倫理的實(shí)驗(yàn)
ethics n. 倫理學(xué)毛嫉，倫理準(zhǔn)則
guidance?UK /?ɡa?d?ns/ US /?ɡa?d?ns/?n. 指導(dǎo)诽俯，指南，建議
potentially?UK /p??ten??li/ US /po??ten??li/?adv. 潛在地
potential adj. 潛在的 n. 潛力
dilemma?UK /da??lem?, d??lem?/ US /da??lem?, d??lem?/?n. （很難做出選擇的）困境承粤，進(jìn)退兩難
counsel?UK /?ka?ns?l/ US /?ka?ns?l/?n. 建議 vt. 建議
approach?UK /??pr??t?/ US /??pro?t?/?n. 方式暴区，方法 vt. 走近，鄰近
draw on?利用辛臊，使用
His novels heavily draw on his childhood experiences.
他的小說里面用了很多他的童年經(jīng)歷仙粱。
utilitarian?UK /?ju?t?l??te?ri?n/ US /ju??t?l??teri?n/?adj. 實(shí)用的，功利（主義）的
a utilitarian building 功能性建筑（可能不美觀彻舰，但很實(shí)用）
utilitarianism?UK /?ju?t?l??te?ri?n?z?m/ US /ju??t?l??teri?n?z?m/?n. 功利主義
功利主義是一種倫理哲學(xué)觀伐割，強(qiáng)調(diào)以結(jié)果為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。按照這個哲學(xué)觀刃唤，最符合倫理的選擇應(yīng)該是讓最大數(shù)目的人獲得最大的益處隔心。
layman?UK /?le?m?n/ US /?le?m?n/?n. 外行，非專業(yè)人士
ventilator?UK /?vent?le?t?/ US /?vent?le?t?r/?n. 呼吸機(jī)
deem?UK /di?m/ US /di?m/?vt. 認(rèn)為
It is deemed necessary/advisable to do so.
人們認(rèn)為這樣做是必要的/應(yīng)該的透揣。
ethicist?UK /'eθ?s?st/ US /'?θ?s?st/?n. 倫理學(xué)家
take tough choices out of the hands of sb.?不要讓某人做艱難的選擇
front-line?UK /?fr?nt?la?n/ US /?fr?nt?la?n/?adj. 前線的济炎，一線的
front line 前線，一線
on the front line 處于前線
clinician?UK /kl??n???n/ US /kl??n???n/?n. 臨床醫(yī)生
triage?UK /?tri?ɑ??/ US /?tri?ɑ??/?n. 分診
triage nurse 分診護(hù)士
dedicated?UK /?ded?ke?t?d/ US /?ded?ke?t?d/?adj. 專門的
be free of sth.?不和某事掛鉤/產(chǎn)生關(guān)系
pull?UK /p?l/ US /p?l/?n. 影響辐真，影響力 vt. 拉
political pull 政治影響
to use one’s pull 發(fā)揮某人的影響力
race?UK /re?s/ US /re?s/?n. （從生物角度界定的）種族
ethnicity?UK /eθ?n?s?ti/ US /eθ?n?s?ti/?n. （從文化须尚、語言等角度界定的）族裔
思考題
你更認(rèn)同怎樣的救治原則崖堤？
