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America's Presidents - James Monroe 美國(guó)總統(tǒng) — 詹姆斯·門羅

VOA Learning English presents America’s Presidents.
美國(guó)之音慢速英語介紹美國(guó)總統(tǒng)欄目。

James Monroe easily won election in 1816. He had a relaxed^[1], likeable personality and was popular with voters. In addition, many saw him as a last connection to the country’s founding generation.
詹姆斯·門羅很輕易地就贏取了1816年的選舉呀页。他性格隨和，受人愛戴叫挟，在選民當(dāng)中很受歡迎双炕。另外踱蠢，很多人都視他為美國(guó)建國(guó)一代的最后紐帶（總統(tǒng)）袖肥。

Monroe had fought in George Washington’s army during the Revolutionary War against British rule.
獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期咪辱，門羅參加了喬治·華盛頓的軍隊(duì)來抵抗英國(guó)。

He was a diplomat during Thomas Jefferson’s presidency and helped complete the Louisiana Purchase.
他是托馬斯·杰斐遜執(zhí)政時(shí)期的外交官椎组，并且?guī)椭莒尺d完成了路易斯安那購(gòu)地油狂。

Monroe served as James Madison’s secretary of state — and briefly as his secretary of war, as well – during the War of 1812.
門羅是詹姆斯·麥迪遜時(shí)期的國(guó)務(wù)卿（1811-1817） — 1812年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期也短暫做過戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)部長(zhǎng)（1814-1815）。

Voters’ positive^[2] feelings carried Monroe into office and defined his presidency.
選民對(duì)門羅的好感讓他進(jìn)入了總統(tǒng)辦公室。

Era of Good Feelings 和睦年代

When Monroe became president, the United States had just declared victory against British forces in the War of 1812. The American economy also was doing well, at least at first. And the government was mostly united under a single party.
當(dāng)門羅成為總統(tǒng)時(shí)专筷，美國(guó)剛剛宣布在1812年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中戰(zhàn)勝了英國(guó)軍隊(duì)夹供。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)也表現(xiàn)良好，至少一開始是這樣的仁堪。并且，政府在一個(gè)政黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下基本團(tuán)結(jié)一致填渠。

But Monroe did have one immediate problem: He and his wife, Elizabeth, could not move into the president’s house right away. The British had burned it badly in an attack on Washington, D.C. Workers were busy making repairs.
但門羅確實(shí)遇到了一個(gè)迫在眉睫的問題：他和他的妻子伊麗莎白不能立即搬進(jìn)總統(tǒng)住宅弦聂，因?yàn)樵谟?guó)對(duì)華盛頓特區(qū)的一場(chǎng)襲擊中被燒毀了，工人們正忙著修復(fù)氛什。

So, Monroe decided to go on a trip. He spent the first weeks of his presidency traveling.
所以莺葫，門羅決定去旅行。他總統(tǒng)任期的前幾個(gè)星期都在旅行枪眉。

He went north into New England, visiting important places from the Revolutionary War or the War of 1812. Everywhere he went he reminded^[3] Americans of their shared, proud history. He even wore clothes in the old colonial style. One of Monroe’s nicknames is “the last of the cocked hats.”
他往北去了新英格蘭捺檬，拜訪了獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和1812年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期的許多地方。他每到一個(gè)地方都喚起了美國(guó)民眾共同并驕傲的歷史贸铜。他甚至穿著具有舊殖民時(shí)期風(fēng)格的衣服堡纬。門羅的一個(gè)昵稱是“最后一頂三角帽”。

Then President Monroe turned west, toward lands that white migrants were increasingly settling. They were able to move west in part because American soldiers had defeated a powerful alliance of Native American tribes.
然后蒿秦，門羅總統(tǒng)折向了西部烤镐，去往越來越多白人移民者定居的地方。他們之所以能夠定居西部棍鳖，在某種程度上是因?yàn)槊儡姄魯×嗣乐抻〉诎踩藦?qiáng)大的部落聯(lián)盟炮叶。

What had been a victory for the U.S. government was a crushing^[4] loss^[5] for Native Americans. Many tribes moved farther west. Others began to lose their languages and their customs as white settlers took control.
美國(guó)政府的勝利對(duì)于印第安人來說是一份沉重的損失。許多部落遷往了西部更遠(yuǎn)的地方渡处。一些其他的部落因?yàn)榘兹硕ň诱叩目刂凭迪ぃ_始失去他們的語言和習(xí)俗。

For Monroe, however, the visit west was a positive sign of the country’s expansion.
然而医瘫，對(duì)門羅來說侣肄，西部之旅是國(guó)家拓展的一個(gè)積極信號(hào)。

By the time he returned to Washington, Monroe had met many Americans. He had learned for himself the geography^[6] of the country. And he had demonstrated that all parts of the U.S. could be connected by patriotism and a common federal government.
當(dāng)門羅回到華盛頓的時(shí)候醇份，他已經(jīng)見過了很多美國(guó)人茫孔，并且了解了國(guó)家的地理形勢(shì)。他證明了美國(guó)的所有部分都可以通過愛國(guó)主義和共同的聯(lián)邦政府來連接被芳。

One newspaper called Monroe’s presidency the beginning of an “Era of Good Feelings.”
那時(shí)的一份報(bào)紙稱門羅總統(tǒng)是“和睦年代”的開始缰贝。

Four years later, Monroe won a second term even more easily than his first.
四年后，門羅甚至比第一屆還容易就贏得了第二屆任期畔濒。

The Missouri Compromise 密蘇里妥協(xié)

Yet James Monroe’s presidency had several crises.
然而詹姆斯·門羅總統(tǒng)遇到了一些危機(jī)剩晴。

One was the country’s first economic depression in more than 30 years.
其中之一就是國(guó)家30多年來首次出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條。

Another was over slavery. The country had been divided over^[7] the issue since its founding. By the end of 1819, eleven states, all in the South, permitted slavery. Eleven states, all in the North, did not.
另一個(gè)就是關(guān)于蓄奴，從國(guó)家建立以來就一直存在著分歧赞弥。1819年末毅整，南方的11個(gè)州是允許蓄奴的，而北方的11個(gè)州是不允許的绽左。

The question became: Would the new states in the West permit it?
然而問題是：西部新州允許蓄奴嗎悼嫉？

Monroe had to face the question when settlers asked Congress permission for Missouri Territory to become a state. Many enslaved people already lived there. White settlers expected to bring more.
當(dāng)密蘇里領(lǐng)地的居民向國(guó)會(huì)申請(qǐng)作為新的一州加入聯(lián)邦時(shí)，門羅不得不面對(duì)這個(gè)問題拼窥。許多奴隸已經(jīng)住在那兒戏蔑，白人定居者希望攜帶更多過去。

But a member of Congress from a Northern state proposed that Missouri could become a state only if it banned slavery. That proposal started a debate that lasted more than a year.
但是北方一個(gè)州的國(guó)會(huì)議員提出密蘇里只有禁止蓄奴才能夠加入聯(lián)邦鲁纠，提案開始了長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年多的辯論总棵。

For the most part, the debate was not based on the moral problems with people owning other people. Instead, it involved economic and political concerns.
在很大程度上，辯論不是基于蓄奴的道德問題改含，而是關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治問題情龄。

Northerners argued that slave-holding states had an unfair economic advantage^[8]. In addition, if Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, its lawmakers would move the balance of power toward the South.
北方認(rèn)為蓄奴州會(huì)有不公平的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。另外捍壤，如果密蘇里作為蓄奴州進(jìn)入聯(lián)邦骤视，立法者會(huì)把權(quán)利的天平傾向南方。

The debate continued so long that another area asked to enter the Union. People in northern Massachusetts wanted to organize into an independent state called Maine.
辯論持續(xù)了很久鹃觉，當(dāng)時(shí)另一個(gè)地區(qū)也要求加入聯(lián)邦尚胞。馬薩諸塞州的北部居民想組織成立一個(gè)獨(dú)立的州叫緬因州。

After some time, lawmakers offered a compromise. They said Maine could be admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. But they also made a line across a map of the country. They said Congress would not admit another slave state north of that line.
經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間帜慢，立法者提供了一份妥協(xié)方案笼裳，緬因州作為自由州而密蘇里作為蓄奴州加入聯(lián)邦。并且劃了一條線（北緯36.5°粱玲，密蘇里州南界緯度）躬柬，在界線以北地區(qū)禁止蓄奴。

動(dòng)畫表示1789–1861年間自由州與蓄奴州的消長(zhǎng)抽减。藍(lán)色為自由州允青，紅色為蓄奴州。

James Monroe signed into law^[9] what became known as the Missouri Compromise. It settled the issue of slavery, at least officially, in the U.S. for more than 20 years. But everyone knew that the peace between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups was only temporary.
詹姆斯·門羅簽署了這項(xiàng)《密蘇里妥協(xié)》法律卵沉，至少官方上它解決了美國(guó)20多年的蓄奴問題颠锉。但其實(shí)所有人都知道，支持和反對(duì)蓄奴集團(tuán)之間的和平只是暫時(shí)的史汗。

The Monroe Doctrine 門羅主義

In 1823, Monroe made one of the most important foreign policy decisions in American history. It became known as the Monroe Doctrine. It related to Spain’s colonies in Latin America.
1823年琼掠，門羅發(fā)表了美國(guó)歷史上最重要的一個(gè)外交政策，叫做門羅主義停撞。它是關(guān)于西班牙在拉丁美洲的殖民統(tǒng)治瓷蛙。

Monroe had dealt with Spain before. In his first term, he and his secretary of state, John Quincy Adams, successfully negotiated with Spain to buy Florida for the United States.
門羅之前已經(jīng)與西班牙交涉過悼瓮。在他的第一屆任期內(nèi)，他和國(guó)務(wù)卿約翰·昆西·亞當(dāng)斯成功地與西班牙達(dá)成協(xié)議購(gòu)買了佛羅尼達(dá)州艰猬。

By Monroe’s second term, Spain had also lost control of some of its former colonies in Latin America. The president became concerned that Spain’s European allies would try to help the country re-gain power. He did not want European powers interfering in areas so close to U.S. territory and so important to U.S. trade.
門羅的第二屆任期內(nèi)横堡，西班牙已經(jīng)失去了部分拉丁美洲的殖民統(tǒng)治，但他擔(dān)心西班牙的歐洲聯(lián)盟會(huì)試圖幫助西班牙重新獲取統(tǒng)治權(quán)冠桃。他不希望歐洲勢(shì)力干預(yù)鄰近美國(guó)領(lǐng)土的地區(qū)命贴，并且這對(duì)美國(guó)貿(mào)易是很重要的。

So Monroe gave a speech to Congress. He said the U.S. would stay out of Europe’s affairs^[10]. But he said Europe should also stay out of Latin America’s affairs.
所以門羅在國(guó)會(huì)發(fā)表了演講食听。他說胸蛛，美國(guó)不會(huì)干預(yù)歐洲事務(wù)，但歐洲也不應(yīng)該干預(yù)拉丁美洲事務(wù)碳蛋。

And, Monroe declared that European powers would not be permitted to begin colonizing any area in the Western Hemisphere.
并且，門羅宣稱不允許歐洲勢(shì)力殖民西半球的任何地方省咨。

In other words, Monroe declared that the U.S. considered the entire Western Hemisphere its sphere of influence^[11].
換句話說肃弟，門羅宣稱美國(guó)會(huì)將整個(gè)西半球都視為其勢(shì)力范圍。

Historians note that Monroe did not aim for the declaration to be a major statement. But it became a base of American foreign policy and supported U.S. expansion throughout the 19th century.
歷史學(xué)家注意到零蓉，門羅的目的并不是把宣言作為一項(xiàng)重要的聲明笤受，但這卻成為了美國(guó)外交政策的基礎(chǔ)，并且?guī)椭绹?guó)在整個(gè)19世紀(jì)的擴(kuò)張敌蜂。

Final years 最后歲月

James Monroe was the fourth and last president in the “Virginia Dynasty^[12].” Except for John Adams, four of the first five American presidents were from Virginia.
詹姆斯·門羅是第四位也是最后一位“弗吉尼亞時(shí)代”的總統(tǒng)箩兽。除了詹姆斯·亞當(dāng)斯，前五位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)當(dāng)中有四位來自弗吉尼亞章喉。

Elizabeth Monroe, courtesy White House Collection/White House Historical Association 伊麗莎白·門羅汗贫，感謝白宮收藏/白宮歷史協(xié)會(huì)提供

Monroe and his wife returned to their home there after he left office. They had a close relationship with each other, as well as with their two surviving children, both daughters.
門羅卸任總統(tǒng)后和妻子返回了他們的莊園。他和妻子秸脱，以及兩個(gè)幸存的女兒之間的感情很好落包。

Unlike many politicians of his time, Monroe had brought his family with him on his travels. He also believed strongly in education for girls. When the Monroes lived in France, young Eliza Monroe attended the best school for girls in Paris.
與他同時(shí)期的許多政治家不同，門羅在旅行中攜帶著他的家人摊唇。他非常認(rèn)同對(duì)女兒的教育咐蝇。當(dāng)門羅一家居住在法國(guó)時(shí)，年輕的伊莉莎·門羅（大女兒）參加了當(dāng)時(shí)最好的巴黎女子學(xué)院巷查。

This loving family spent as much time together as possible. So, when Elizabeth Monroe died, James Monroe was filled with sorrow. His health also began to fail.
這一友愛的家庭盡可能地花時(shí)間在一起有序。所以，當(dāng)伊麗莎白·門羅去世時(shí)岛请，詹姆斯·門羅傷心欲絕（給門羅以極大打擊）旭寿，他的健康也開始（隨之）告急。

He moved to the house of his younger daughter, Maria, in New York City. James Monroe died there one year later, at age 73.
他搬到了小女兒瑪利亞在紐約的家中崇败。一年后许师，詹姆斯·門羅在女兒家離開了人世，終年73歲。

Like two other former presidents, Monroe died on the 4th of July – America’s birthday.
與前兩位總統(tǒng)一樣微渠，門羅也死于7月4日 — 美國(guó)國(guó)慶日搭幻。

原文鏈接

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/americas-presidents-james-monroe/3767612.html

1. relaxed - adj. informal and comfortable - 輕松的，不拘束的逞盆，不嚴(yán)格的 ?

2. positive - adj. hopeful and optimistic - 積極的 ?

3. remind - v. make someone think about something again - 使想起檀蹋，提醒 ?

4. crushing - adj. 壓倒的；決定性的云芦；不能站起來俯逾；支離破碎的；v. 壓破舅逸，征服桌肴，沖入 ?

5. crushing loss - 沉重的損失 ?

6. geography - n. the natural features of a place - 地理，地形 ?

7. divide over - 分歧 ?

8. advantage - n. a condition that helps to make something better or more likely to succeed than others - 優(yōu)勢(shì) ?

9. signed into law - 簽署成為法律 / sign the bill into law - 將法案簽署為法律 ?

10. affair - n. a matter that concerns or involves someone - 事務(wù) ?

11. sphere of influence - n. an area of control or activity - 勢(shì)力范圍琉历，影響范圍 ?

12. dynasty - n. a family, team, etc., that is very powerful or successful for a long period of time - 朝代坠七，王朝 ?