今日導(dǎo)讀
本月 11 日谱邪，維基解密（Wikileaks）的創(chuàng)始人朱利安·阿桑奇在厄瓜多爾駐英國大使館被當(dāng)?shù)鼐齑叮Y(jié)束了他長達(dá) 7 年的政治避難生涯垛贤。自 2010 年揭露了幾十萬份美國政府外交的機(jī)密文件后芬沉，朱利安·阿桑奇就受到了來自美國政府的指控躺同。與此同時(shí)，他也獲得了全世界各國政府和媒體的關(guān)注丸逸。同年蹋艺，他在《時(shí)代》周刊年度人物網(wǎng)絡(luò)票選中，被評(píng)為“最受讀者歡迎的年度人物”黄刚。這位飽受爭議的網(wǎng)站和媒體創(chuàng)始人為何會(huì)到厄瓜多爾大使館避難捎谨？他又為何被逮捕？今天的文章為讀者總結(jié)了三個(gè)與阿桑奇有關(guān)的問答憔维，接下來涛救，讓我們和 Lala 老師一起走進(jìn)今天的新聞。
新聞原文
Everything you need to know about Julian Assange
The Guardian
Who is Julian Assange?
Assange is a 47-year-old Australian who founded WikiLeaks, a non-profit organisation that publishes leaked materials from a wide range of sources.
Assange rose to prominence in 2010 when WikiLeaks published a series of leaks by Chelsea Manning, a former US Army soldier.
In November that year, WikiLeaks released what would come to be known as Cablegate, a dump of more than 250, 000 US diplomatic cables. Dated between December 1966 and February 2010, the cables contain diplomatic analysis from world leaders, and the diplomats’ assessment of host countries and their officials.
Why was Julian Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy?
An arrest warrant for Assange was issued in August 2010 for two separate sexual assault allegations in Sweden. Police questioned him in Stockholm, where he denied the allegations.
After returning to the UK, he feared that if he were extradited to Sweden he might be extradited on to the US, where he believed he could face charges over WikiLeaks’ publication of the secret US government files.
In December 2010 he appeared at an extradition hearing in the UK, where he was granted bail. Following a legal battle, the courts ruled Assange should be extradited to Sweden. The WikiLeaks founder entered the Ecuadorian embassy in August 2012. He was granted political asylum and remained there until his arrest.
Why do the Americans want him?
Upon his departure from the Ecuadorian embassy, Scotland Yard confirmed that Assange had been arrested on behalf of the US after receiving a request for his extradition as well as for the bail offence.
Later, the US Department of Justice (DoJ) published details of the charge faced by Assange over the Manning episode—namely conspiracy to commit computer intrusion, for which, if convicted, he would face a maximum penalty of five years in prison.
帶著問題看講解
新聞第三段的 a dump of 如何理解检吆？
2010 年，朱利安·阿桑奇是因?yàn)槟捻?xiàng)指控而被要求引渡到瑞典程储？
阿桑奇尋求政治庇護(hù)違反了英國的什么法令咧栗？
新聞?wù)?/h3>
Everything you need to know about Julian Assange
關(guān)于朱利安·阿桑奇你需要知道的一切
關(guān)于朱利安·阿桑奇你需要知道的一切
Who is Julian Assange?
朱利安·阿桑奇是誰逆甜？
Assange is a 47-year-old Australian who founded WikiLeaks, a non-profit organisation that publishes leaked materials from a wide range of sources.
阿桑奇現(xiàn)年 47 歲，是澳大利亞人致板。他創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)非營利性組織——維基解密交煞。該組織曝光了大量的泄密文件，這些泄密文件來源頗為廣泛斟或。
Assange rose to prominence in 2010 when WikiLeaks published a series of leaks by Chelsea Manning, a former US Army soldier.
阿桑奇在 2010 年聲名鵲起素征，當(dāng)時(shí)維基解密公布了一系列美國前陸軍士兵切爾西·曼寧泄露出的機(jī)密文件。
In November that year, WikiLeaks released what would come to be known as Cablegate, a dump of more than 250,000 US diplomatic cables. Dated between December 1966 and February 2010, the cables contain diplomatic analysis from world leaders, and the diplomats’ assessment of host countries and their officials.
同年 11 月萝挤，維基解密一股腦公開了超過 25 萬份美國外交電報(bào)存檔御毅，該事件后來被稱為“電報(bào)門”（美國外交電報(bào)泄密事件）。這些電報(bào)發(fā)于 1966 年 12 月至 2010 年 2 月期間怜珍，里面涵蓋了來自世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的外交分析端蛆，以及美國駐各國的外交官對其所在國及所在國官員的評(píng)估。
Why was Julian Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy?
朱利安·阿桑奇為什么會(huì)在厄瓜多爾大使館酥泛？
An arrest warrant for Assange was issued in August 2010 for two separate sexual assault allegationsin Sweden. Police questioned him in Stockholm, where he denied the allegations.
2010 年 8 月今豆，阿桑奇在瑞典因受到兩起不同性侵案件的指控而被簽發(fā)逮捕令。警方在斯德哥爾摩審問了他柔袁，他否認(rèn)了這些指控呆躲。
After returning to the UK, he feared that if he were extraditedto Sweden he might be extradited on to the US, where he believed he could face charges over WikiLeaks’ publication of the secret US government files.
回到英國后，阿桑奇擔(dān)心如果被引渡到瑞典捶索，他可能會(huì)被接著引渡到美國插掂。阿桑奇認(rèn)為自己一旦踏上美國國土，就可能會(huì)因維基解密公布了美國政府機(jī)密文件而面臨指控腥例。
In December 2010 he appeared at an extradition hearing in the UK, where he was granted bail. Following a legal battle, the courts ruled Assange should be extradited to Sweden. The WikiLeaks founder entered the Ecuadorian embassy in August 2012. He was granted political asylum and remained there until his arrest.
2010 年 12 月辅甥，他在英國出席了一場引渡聽證會(huì)，并獲得保釋燎竖。經(jīng)過一場法律較量肆氓，法院裁定阿桑奇應(yīng)當(dāng)被引渡到瑞典。這位維基解密的創(chuàng)始人于 2012 年 8 月進(jìn)入厄瓜多爾大使館底瓣。他獲得了厄瓜多爾政府給予的政治庇護(hù)，并一直在那里待到被捕蕉陋。
Why do the Americans want him?
為什么美國方面想要引渡他捐凭？
Upon his departure from the Ecuadorian embassy, Scotland Yard confirmed that Assange had been arrested on behalf of the US after receiving a request for his extradition as well as for the bail offence.
在阿桑奇離開厄瓜多爾大使館后，“蘇格蘭場”（倫敦警察廳）證實(shí)凳鬓，他們代表美國茁肠，在收到有關(guān)他的引渡要求后將其逮捕。此外缩举，他進(jìn)入外國使館尋求庇護(hù)的行為同時(shí)也違反了英國保釋令垦梆。
Later, the US Department of Justice (DoJ) published details of the charge faced by Assange over the Manning episode—namely conspiracy to commit computer intrusion, for which, if convicted, he would face a maximum penaltyof five years in prison.
其后匹颤，美國司法部（DoJ）公布了阿桑奇在曼寧事件中面臨的指控細(xì)節(jié)——即密謀入侵電腦，如果這一罪名成立托猩，他將面臨最高長達(dá) 5 年的監(jiān)禁印蓖。
重點(diǎn)詞匯
prominence
/?prɑ?m?n?ns/
n. 顯著，有名
e.g.
英文釋義：the state of being easily seen or well known
搭配短語：come to/rise to/gain prominence（成名）
例句：Kit Harington came to (or gained) prominence as an actor in "Game of Thrones".
dump
/d?mp/
n. 垃圾場京腥；專用倉庫赦肃；存檔
e.g.
詞性拓展：dump（v. 傾倒）
cable
/?ke?bl/
n.（傳輸電、電話信號(hào)等的）電纜公浪，電報(bào)
e.g.
搭配短語：cable car（纜車）他宛；overhead power cables（高架電纜）
assessment
/??sesm?nt/
n. 評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)
e.g.
搭配短語：an assessment of the situation; teachers' assessment
warrant
/?w??r?nt/
n. 逮捕令欠气，令狀
e.g.
搭配短語：a search warrant（搜查令）厅各；an arrest warrant（逮捕令）
搭配短語：issue an arrest warrant
issue
/???u?/
v. 發(fā)出，簽署
e.g.
搭配短語：issue a statement（發(fā)出聲明）, issue permits（頒發(fā)許可證）
allegation
/??l??ɡe??n/
n.（未經(jīng)證實(shí)的）指控
e.g.
英文釋義：a statement, made without giving proof, that someone has done something wrong or illegal
例句：Are you able to verify your allegation?
搭配短語：make allegations of sth.（指控某事）, make allegations against sb.（指控某人）
例句：Many patients have made allegations of professional misconduct against the doctor.
extradite
/?ekstr?da?t/
v. 引渡
e.g.
文化補(bǔ)充：“引渡”是指一個(gè)司法管轄區(qū)预柒，應(yīng)外地請求队塘，將正處在自己領(lǐng)土之內(nèi)而受到該外地通緝或判刑的人，移交給該外地審判或處罰卫旱。通常兩司法轄區(qū)之間要簽有引渡條約或協(xié)議方可引渡人灼。
charge
/t?ɑ?rd?/
n. 指控，控告
e.g.
搭配短語：drop charges against（撤銷指控）
例句：The police had to drop charges against her because they couldn't find any evidence.
hearing
/?h?r??/
n. 聽證會(huì)
bail
/be?l/
n. 保釋
e.g.
詞性拓展：bail（v. 保釋）
搭配短語：bail sb out（把某人保釋出來）顾翼；（通常指從經(jīng)濟(jì)上幫助某人脫離困境）
例句：She keeps running up huge debts and asking friends to bail her out.
asylum
/??sa?l?m/
n.（尤指政治）避難投放，庇護(hù)
e.g.
搭配短語：to seek/apply for political asylum
on behalf of
代表…，作為…的代表
e.g.
例句：On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.
intrusion
/?n?tru??n/
n. 闖入适贸，侵?jǐn)_
e.g.
相關(guān)詞匯：intrude（v. 闖入灸芳，侵?jǐn)_）
例句：I hate to intrude, but…
相關(guān)詞匯：intrusive（adj. 打攪的；侵?jǐn)_的）
搭配短語：intrusive questioning
penalty
/?pen?lti/
n. 刑罰拜姿；罰金
e.g.
搭配短語：pay a penalty
補(bǔ)充詞匯知識(shí)
non-profit
adj. 非營利性的
leak
v. 泄露
詞性拓展：leaked（adj. 泄露的烙样，泄密的）
a range of
一系列，一類型
diplomatic
adj. 外交的
搭配短語：diplomatic negotiations
contain
v. 包含蕊肥，涵蓋
例句：Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.
question
v. 質(zhì)問谒获，詢問
長難句解析
In November that year, WikiLeaks released what would come to be known as Cablegate, a dump of more than 250,000 US diplomatic cables.
同年 11 月，維基解密一次性公開了超過 25 萬份美國外交電報(bào)存檔壁却，該事件后來被稱為“電報(bào)門”（美國外交電報(bào)泄密事件）批狱。
時(shí)間狀語 in November that year，說明該事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間是上文提到過的 2010 年的同年 11 月份展东。主語是 WikiLeaks赔硫，released 作謂語動(dòng)詞，后面跟著一個(gè)連接詞 what 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 what would come to be known as Cablegate盐肃，指出維基百科公開的是后來被稱作“電報(bào)門”的美國政府外交電報(bào)泄密事件爪膊。逗號(hào)后面的同位語成分 a dump of more than 250,000 US diplomatic cables 進(jìn)一步對 Cablegate 這一事件進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明权悟，解釋該事件的具體情況是：有超過 25 萬份的美國外交電報(bào)被泄露出來。
After returning to the UK, he feared that if he were extradited to Sweden he might be extradited on to the US, where he believed he could face charges over WikiLeaks’ publication of the secret US government files.
回到英國后推盛，阿桑奇擔(dān)心如果被引渡到瑞典峦阁，他可能會(huì)被接著引渡到美國。阿桑奇認(rèn)為自己一旦踏上美國小槐，就可能會(huì)因維基解密公布了美國政府機(jī)密文件而面臨指控拇派。
有些同學(xué)可能會(huì)對本句中虛擬語氣的使用感到疑惑？本句的時(shí)間設(shè)定在過去凿跳，在 2010 年阿桑奇回到英國之后件豌，當(dāng)時(shí)的他擔(dān)心自己可能會(huì)被引渡到瑞典，繼而被引渡到美國控嗜。這時(shí)的「擔(dān)心」茧彤，是對未來情況的一種擔(dān)心，所以在這里的虛擬語氣表示「和將來情況相反」疆栏，故此處從句用到了"If he were extradited"曾掂，主句用到了"主語+might be" 。我們可以用同樣的情況造個(gè)句壁顶， If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating. 如果下周日下大雪珠洗，我們就去滑冰。（事實(shí)：下雪可能性很小若专，不可能）
拓展閱讀
切爾西·曼寧
切爾西·曼寧（Chelsea Elizabeth Manning）许蓖，本名布拉德利·愛德華·曼寧（Bradley Edward Manning），生于美國俄克拉荷馬州调衰，曾為美國陸軍上等兵膊爪。于 2010 年時(shí)因涉嫌將美國政府的機(jī)密文件外泄給維基解密網(wǎng)站而遭美國政府逮捕，判刑 35 年嚎莉。在入獄服刑期間米酬，于 2013 年 8 月 22 日，曼寧發(fā)表公開聲明趋箩，宣布改名為切爾西·曼寧赃额，開始荷爾蒙治療，轉(zhuǎn)變性別為女性叫确。2017 年跳芳，前美國總統(tǒng)巴拉克·奧巴馬（Barack Obama）為她減刑。同年 5 月 17 日启妹，切爾西·曼寧獲釋出獄。
曼寧高中時(shí)期遭到退學(xué)后醉旦，曾在軟件公司開發(fā)程序饶米，任職四個(gè)月后被辭退桨啃。2007 年時(shí)，她為了存錢上大學(xué)而加入美國陸軍檬输。在此期間照瘾，曼寧服務(wù)于派駐伊拉克的美國陸軍第 10 山地師，負(fù)責(zé)情報(bào)分析工作丧慈。也因此析命，曼寧獲得了訪問政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)庫的權(quán)限。其后逃默，她利用這一職務(wù)之便將數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)的部分機(jī)密數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)交給了維基解密
電報(bào)門
電報(bào)門（又稱：美國外交電報(bào)泄密事件）發(fā)生于 2010 年 11 月 28 日鹃愤，維基解密網(wǎng)站泄露了 251287 份美國國務(wù)院與美國駐外大使館之間聯(lián)系的外交電報(bào)。
維基解密首先公開了 220 份外交電報(bào)完域，并將另一部分發(fā)給了五家媒體（分別是：美國的《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》软吐、英國的《衛(wèi)報(bào)》、德國的《明鏡周刊》吟税、西班牙《國家報(bào)》以及法國《世界報(bào)》）進(jìn)行報(bào)道凹耙。
這些文件中約有 100000 份被標(biāo)為“秘密文件”（confidential），約有 15000 份被標(biāo)為“機(jī)密文件”（secret）肠仪，沒有“最高機(jī)密文件”（top secret）肖抱。
這一泄密事件對阿拉伯之春、占領(lǐng)華爾街等運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)生起到了推動(dòng)作用异旧。
