一、語法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
1. a, an的選擇: 元音音素開頭的單詞用an,輔音音素開頭的單詞用a.
2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.
5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.
6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)
二:形容詞比較級
當(dāng)我們需要對事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級.比較級的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:
什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:
① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
注意?
比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對應(yīng)的可比較的東西.
典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長.)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對象就沒有可比性.
應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
三:動(dòng)詞過去式
動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
④ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped
B,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
五曲稼、人稱代詞主格及賓格
人稱代詞分為主格和賓格巡雨，主格和賓格區(qū)別：主格和賓格漢語意思相同余佛，但位置不同罩抗。
Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"
主格在陳述句中通常放句首滨嘱，賓格通常放在動(dòng)詞后或介詞后峰鄙，也就是說賓格，不放在句首太雨。
Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)
Excuse me (me 賓格)
I ask him to go (him 賓格)
They sit in front of me (me 賓格)
主格(8個(gè))：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她吟榴、它)們
賓格(8個(gè))：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們
六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,
如:I'm a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,
如:I'm not a student.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
注意? 小結(jié):
否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .
3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.
如:Are you a student 囊扳？Yes, I am \ No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor吩翻？ Yes, she is. \ No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital ？\Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening?\ Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
注意? 小結(jié):
一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,
①把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可.
②沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可.
這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的.
4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:
What is this锥咸？
Where are you going狭瞎？
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon？
When do you usually get up搏予？
Why do you like spring best 熊锭？
How are you？
注意? 小結(jié):
其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數(shù)量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have ？
How many girls can you see 碗殷？
how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種搭配,
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have 你有多少……
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see 你能看見多少……
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there… 有多少……
七:完全,縮略形式
1精绎、簡縮形式的變法：把倒數(shù)第二個(gè)字母，通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外锌妻，are要把a(bǔ)打成' 代乃。Eg:he is=he's? they are=they're
2、簡縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同仿粹。
3襟己、把完全形式變成簡縮形式時(shí)，一定要注意第一個(gè)字母的大小變化牍陌。Eg:What is =What's
4擎浴、記住一個(gè)特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i)
5、記锥窘А：this is 沒有簡縮形式this's(錯(cuò)誤)
6.常見的縮略形式：
I'm=I am? ? he's=he is? ? she's=she is? ? ? ? ? ? ?
they're=they? ? ? are you're=you are? ? ? ?
there's=there is? ? ? ? they're=they are
can't=can not? ? ? ? ? ? ? don't=do not? ? ? ?
doesn't=does not? ? ? isn't=is not? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
aren't=are not? ? ? ? let's=let us
won't=will not? ? ? ? ? ? ? I'll=I will? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
wasn't=was not
