1.讀溫尼科特的這篇名作，首先注意到的是溫尼科特對于反移情（反轉(zhuǎn)移）的態(tài)度兽肤，既不像拉康一樣的反對折剃，也不像主體間學派的反利用其為工具另假，雖然他們都聲稱是遵從了弗洛伊德，好吧怕犁，我暫且認為弗洛伊德的態(tài)度是曖昧不清的边篮。那么己莺，溫尼科特的態(tài)度是什么？

2.其次需要注意的是溫尼科特對“恨”苟耻，“攻擊”篇恒，這類詞的使用有其自己的態(tài)度，或者在這一篇里還不甚明顯凶杖，不過可以特別關(guān)注胁艰。還有一個詞是“管理”（management），這個下面略有解釋智蝠，也可留意靶擦。

3.由于英文標準版對于德文Trieb都翻譯成instinct存和，某種程度上造成了目前英文翻譯理解中對于drive（驅(qū)力)impulse（沖動）和instinct（本能）三詞的混用，這也在一定程度上影響了本文的一些理解。

4.當分析師遭遇病人情感時卜录，所真實產(chǎn)生的恨，不要著急否認祟剔，可以先存放到那挚歧，留待最后的解釋。這需要分析師接受個人分析浮驳，使這種“客觀的恨”不帶有主觀色彩悍汛。

5.當這種客觀的恨能表達出來的時候，這本身也表明了一個飛躍至会。但大多數(shù)情況下离咐，分析師的恨是隱藏起來的。不過奉件。宵蛀。。

6.溫尼科特以自己的一個在分析過程中產(chǎn)生的夢來說明县貌，這個反移情的表達的重要意義术陶。

7.略有爭議的情況是：溫尼科特認為精神病患或者被收養(yǎng)的兒童，需要先去搜索到客觀的恨之后窃这，才能相信客觀的愛瞳别。

8.弗洛伊德說：愛和恨的態(tài)度不能用來描述本能和其客體之間的關(guān)系，而是自我作為一個整體和客體之間的關(guān)系杭攻；溫尼科特提出：在嬰兒的早期階段祟敛，恨相當于是無情的愛，嬰兒要到能感知到自己是一個完整的人時兆解，才會有恨的感覺馆铁。

9.溫尼科特認為，母親有大把的理由可以在早期來恨她的孩子锅睛，而精神病人的分析師就處在嬰兒母親的位置上埠巨。只有分析師恨精神病人历谍，精神病人才能容忍自己恨分析師。

Hate in the Countertransference [1947]

IN THIS PAPER I wish to examine one aspect of the whole subject of ambivalence, namely, hate in the countertransference. I believe that the task of the analyst (call him a research analyst) who undertakes the analysis of a psychotic is seriously weighted by this phenomenon, and that analysis of psychotics becomes impossible unless the analyst's own hate is extremely well sorted-out and conscious. This is tantamount to saying that an analyst needs to be himself analysed, but it also asserts that the analysis of a psychotic is irksome as compared with that of a neurotic, and inherently so.

在這篇文章里辣垒，我希望考查關(guān)于矛盾情感這整個主題的其中一個方面望侈，即：反移情①(Countertransference)中的恨。我相信勋桶，這一現(xiàn)象加重了從事精神病人分析工作的分析師（稱他為研究分析師）的任務脱衙，并且除非這些分析師意識到自己的恨是被處理得非常好，否則他的分析工作是不可能進行的例驹。這相當于說捐韩，分析師自己需要被分析，但同時也宣稱了鹃锈，相比于神經(jīng)癥荤胁，精神病人天然地令人生厭。

Apart from psycho-analytic treatment, the management of a psychotic is bound to be irksome. From time to time I have made acutely critical remarks about the modern trends in psychiatry, with the too easy electric shocks and the too drastic leucotomies. (Winnicott, 1947, 1949.) Because of these criticisms that I have expressed I would like to be foremost in recognition of the extreme difficulty inherent in the task of the psychiatrist, and of the mental nurse in particular. Insane patients must always be a heavy emotional burden on those who care for them. One can forgive those engaged in this work if they do awful things. This does not mean, however, that we have to accept whatever is done by psychiatrists and neuro-surgeons as sound according to principles of science.

除去精神分析治療外屎债，對精神病人的管理②(management)也注定是令人生厭的仅政。關(guān)于現(xiàn)代精神病學過于容易（使用）的電休克治療和過于極端的前額腦白質(zhì)切除手術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢，我也時常會有尖銳的批評盆驹。(溫尼科特已旧，1947，1949)因為這些批評召娜，我更愿意最先承認精神病醫(yī)師，特別是精神科護士的工作屬性本來就是極端的艱難的惊楼。瘋癲的病人總是給那些照顧他們的人帶來沉重的情感負擔玖瘸。我們（甚至）可以原諒那些致力于此工作的人（可能）做出的（任何）可怕的事情。但這并不意味著我們必須接受精神病專家和神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生所有聽起來像是有科學依據(jù)的所作所為檀咙。

① 譯者注：依照弗洛伊德的德文原意雅倒，transference應譯為轉(zhuǎn)移, 同理countertransference應譯為反轉(zhuǎn)移。這里譯作反移情僅僅是為了方便國內(nèi)讀者理解弧可，遵從國內(nèi)心理學界的普（cuo）遍（wu）譯法蔑匣。下同。

② 譯者注：管理一詞是溫尼克特的特有術(shù)語棕诵，一般用于在精神病治療環(huán)境中裁良，對病人的護理上。同樣適用于在兒童和反社會傾向的青少年的治療中校套，分析師把管理作為一種抱持環(huán)境的使用价脾。

Therefore although what follows is about psycho-analysis, it really has value to the psychiatrist, even to one whose work does not in any way take him into the analytic type of relationship to patients.

因此，盡管下文是有關(guān)精神分析治療的笛匙，它實際上對精神病醫(yī)生是有價值的侨把，即使是對那些其工作中犀变，無論如何也不可能與病人建立起與分析類型的關(guān)系的精神科醫(yī)師們也是如此。

To help the general psychiatrist the psycho-analyst must not only study for him the primitive stages of the emotional development of the ill individual, but also must study the nature of the emotional burden which the psychiatrist bears in doing his work. What we as analysts call the countertransference needs to be understood by the psychiatrist too. However much he loves his patients he cannot avoid hating them and fearing them, and the better he knows this the less will hate and fear be the motives determining what he does to his patients.

為了能促進到常規(guī)的精神科醫(yī)生秋柄，精神分析師不但必須替他(精神科醫(yī)生)研究病人的個體情感發(fā)展原初階段获枝，也要研究精神病醫(yī)生在工作中肩負的情感負擔的本質(zhì)。精神病醫(yī)生也要理解我們分析師所謂的反移情骇笔。不論他有多愛他的病人們省店，他都不能避免恨他們和懼怕他們，越了解這些蜘拉，恨與恐懼就越不會成為他對待病人的決定性動機萨西。

One could classify countertransference phenomena thus:

我們可以把反移情現(xiàn)象做如下分類：

1. Abnormality in countertransference feelings, and set relationships and identifications that are under repression in the analyst. The comment on this is that the analyst needs more analysis, and we believe this is less of an issue among psycho-analysts than among psychotherapists in general.

1、反移情感受中的異常旭旭，讓（分析中）的關(guān)系與認同被分析師所壓抑谎脯。這意味著分析師需要更多的個人分析，我們相信持寄，相比于一般的心理治療師源梭，這在精神分析師那里不是一個大問題。

2. The identifications and tendencies belonging to an analyst's personal experiences and personal development which provide the positive setting for his analytic work and make his work different in quality from that of any other analyst.

2稍味、出于分析師個人經(jīng)歷與發(fā)展的認同與行為傾向废麻，這種認同與傾向為分析師的分析工作設置并使其工作有別于其他分析師。

3. From these two I distinguish the truly objective countertransference, or if this is difficult, the analyst's love and hate in reaction to the actual personality and behaviour of the patient, based on objective observation.

3模庐、從以上兩點烛愧，我辨識出真正的客觀的反移情，或者說掂碱，（盡管是很困難的）怜姿，基于客觀觀察的分析師對病人的實際人格和行為所作出的愛與恨的反應。

I suggest that if an analyst is to analyse psychotics or antisocials he must be able to be so thoroughly aware of the countertransference that he can sort out and study his objective reactions to the patient. These will include hate. Countertransference phenomena will at times be the important things in the analysis.

我建議若一個分析師要分析精神病患者或者是反社會型人格患者的話疼燥，他必須要有能力完全意識到自己的反移情才行沧卢，以便他能整理并且研究他對病人的客觀反應。這其中也包括恨醉者。在精神分析中但狭，反移情現(xiàn)象有時將成為一件很重要的事情。

I wish to suggest that the patient can only appreciate in the analyst what he himself is capable of feeling. In the matter of motive: the obsessional will tend to be thinking of the analyst as doing his work in a futile obsessional way. A hypo-manic patient who is incapable of being depressed, except in a severe mood swing, and in whose emotional development the depressive position has not been securely won, who cannot feel guilt in a deep way, or a sense of concern or responsibility, is unable to see the analyst's work as an attempt on the part of the analyst to make reparation in respect of his own (the analyst's) guilt feelings. A neurotic patient tends to see the analyst as ambivalent towards the patient, and to expect the analyst to show a splitting of love and hate; this patient, when in luck, gets the love, because someone else is getting the analyst's hate. Would it not follow that if a psychotic is in a 'coincident love-hate' state of feeling he experiences a deep conviction that the analyst is also only capable of the same crude and dangerous state of coincident love-hate relationship? Should the analyst show love, he will surely at the same moment kill the patient.

我認為撬即，病人僅僅能夠欣賞分析師身上那些他自己能感覺到的東西立磁。就動機而言，強迫癥患者傾向于認為分析師是用一種無用的搞莺、強迫的方式在工作息罗。輕躁狂的患者不會感到抑郁，除非是在劇烈的情緒轉(zhuǎn)換狀態(tài)下才沧，對于這些在情感發(fā)展中抑郁狀態(tài)尚未占得上風迈喉，無法感受深刻的內(nèi)疚感绍刮，也無法感受關(guān)切與責任感的病人來說，他們不會把分析師的工作看做是分析師修復他自身內(nèi)疚感的一種嘗試挨摸。一個神經(jīng)癥患者傾向于認為分析師對患者持有矛盾(的態(tài)度)孩革，并希望分析師展現(xiàn)出一種分裂的愛與恨；這個病人得运，幸運的時候會得到愛膝蜈，因為其他某些人得到的是分析師的恨。依次類推熔掺，如果一個精神病患陷入到一種“愛恨并存”的感覺中饱搏，他是不是會深深地確信，分析師也只能同樣陷入一種粗魯而危險的愛恨并存的關(guān)系狀態(tài)當中呢置逻？一旦分析師表現(xiàn)出愛推沸，他無疑將同時殺死病人。

This coincidence of love and hate is something that characteristically recurs in the analysis of psychotics, giving rise to problems of management which can easily take the analyst beyond his resources. This coincidence of love and hate to which I am referring is something distinct from the aggressive component complicating the primitive love impulse, and implies that in the history of the patient there was an environmental failure at the time of the first objectfinding instinctual impulses.

在對精神病患者分析過程中券坞，這種愛恨同時存在是特征性地反復出現(xiàn)的鬓催，它給分析師帶來超乎他對病人的管理（management）的問題。我指的愛恨并存恨锚，是一種與愛的原始沖動并發(fā)的侵略性成分所截然不同的東西宇驾，它意味著在病人經(jīng)歷里，第一次尋找客體的本能沖動的時侯存在著環(huán)境的匱乏

P1-3

If the analyst is going to have crude feelings imputed to him he is best forewarned and so forearmed, for he must tolerate being placed in that position. Above all he must not deny hate that really exists in himself. Hate that is justified in the present setting has to be sorted out and kept in storage and available for eventual interpretation.

如果分析師將要承受歸罪于他的粗魯?shù)母星榈脑捄锪妫詈米龊糜袀錈o患课舍，因為他必須忍受被放置在這個位置上。首先他挎，他絕對不能否認他自身真實存有的恨布卡。在當前場景下合乎情理的恨，需要被區(qū)分并且保存下來雇盖，留待最終的解釋。

If we are to become able to be the analysts of psychotic patients we must have reached down to very primitive things in ourselves, and this is but another example of the fact that the answer to many obscure problems of psycho-analytic practice lies in further analysis of the analyst. (Psycho-analytic research is perhaps always to some extent an attempt on the part of an analyst to carry the work of his own analysis further than the point to which his own analyst could get him.)

如果我們將要成為精神病患的分析師的話栖忠，我們必須能深入接觸到我們自身非常原始的東西崔挖，這再次證明，許多精神分析實踐中的晦澀問題的關(guān)鍵答案就在于分析師自身的更多的分析庵寞。（精神分析的研究或許總是在某種程度上狸相，是分析師的一種嘗試，努力使他自己的分析工作超越其分析師使他所能領(lǐng)悟到的程度）

A main task of the analyst of any patient is to maintain objectivity in regard to all that the patient brings, and a special case of this is the analyst's need to be able to hate the patient objectively:

分析師的主要任務捐川，是對病人帶來的一切保持客觀脓鹃，而其中的一個特殊情況是分析師能夠客觀地去恨病人：

Are there not many situations in our ordinary analytic work in which the analyst's hate is justified? A patient of mine, a very bad obsessional, was almost loathsome to me for some years. I felt bad about this until the analysis turned a corner and the patient became lovable, and then I realized that his unlikeableness had been an active symptom, unconsciously determined. It was indeed a wonderful day for me (much later on) when I could actually tell the patient that I and his friends had felt repelled by him, but that'he had been too ill for us to let him know. This was also an important day for him, a tremendous advance in his adjustment to reality.

不是有很多情況下我們的日常分析工作中分析師的恨是合理的嗎?我的一個病人，極為強迫古沥，在好多年里都是令我非常排斥的瘸右。我對此感覺不太好娇跟，直到分析出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)變，病人變得可愛太颤，然后我意識到苞俘，他的不可愛一直是活躍的、無意識決定的癥狀龄章。（很久以后）當我終于可以告訴病人說我和他的朋友們曾對他感到厭煩的時候吃谣，這的確是一個美好的日子，但他過去曾經(jīng)病得很嚴重以至于我們沒辦法告訴他做裙。對他來說岗憋，這也是一個重要的日子，（表明）他朝向現(xiàn)實的調(diào)整有了驚人的進步锚贱。

In the ordinary analysis the analyst has no difficulty with the management of his own hate. This hate remains latent. The main thing, of course, is that through his own analysis he has become free from vast reservoirs of unconscious hate belonging to the past and to inner conflicts. There are other reasons why hate remains unexpressed and even unfelt as such:

在通常的分析中仔戈，分析師管理他自己的仇恨并不困難。這種恨是潛伏的惋鸥。當然杂穷，主要是通過他自己的分析，他能從那些屬于過去以及內(nèi)在沖突的卦绣，無意識的巨大的恨中解脫出來耐量。恨之所以不能表達甚至不能被感知的其它原因如下：

Analysis is my chosen job, the way I feel I will best deal with my own guilt, the way I can express myself in a constructive way.

精神分析是我選擇的工作，是我能夠最好地處理我的內(nèi)疚感的渠道滤港，是我能夠用建設性的方式表達自己的渠道廊蜒。

I get paid, or I am in training to gain a place in society by psychoanalytic work.

I am discovering things.

我獲得報酬，或者為了通過精神分析的工作在社會上取得一個地位溅漾，我正處于訓練中山叮。

我正在探索一些事情。

I get immediate rewards through identification with the patient, who is making progress, and I can see still greater rewards some way ahead, after the end of the treatment.

我通過認同正在進步的病人即時獲得回報添履，還有我能在治療結(jié)束以后看到前面某種持續(xù)的更大的成就屁倔。

Moreover, as an analyst I have ways of expressing hate. Hate is expressed by the existence of the end of the 'hour'.

此外，作為一個分析師暮胧，我也有我表達恨的方法锐借。恨通過存在著的分析的結(jié)束來表達出來。

I think this is true even when there is no difficulty whatever, and when the patient is pleased to go. In many analyses these things can be taken for granted, so that they are scarcely mentioned, and the analytic work is done through verbal interpretation of the patient's emerging unconscious transference. The analyst takes over the role of one or other of the helpful figures of the patient's childhood. He cashes in on the success of those who did the dirty work when the patient was an infant.

我認為這是真實的往衷，即使沒有任何困難钞翔，病人高興的離開的時候。在很多的分析中席舍，這些東西都是理所當然的布轿，以至于幾乎不會被提到，分析工作通過口頭解釋病人浮現(xiàn)出來的無意識的移情來達成。分析師扮演了病人童年時代里對他有幫助的人物中的某一角色汰扭。分析師最大程度上利用了在病人嬰兒期曾做過苦差事的那些人的成就稠肘。

? These things are part of the description of ordinary psycho-analytic work, which is mostly concerned with patients whose symptoms have a neurotic quality.

這些事是精神分析日常工作里所描述的一部分，它們大部分與具有神經(jīng)癥癥狀的病人有關(guān)东且。

In the analysis of psychotics, however, quite a different type and degree of strain is taken by the analyst, and it is precisely this different strain that I am trying to describe.

然而启具，在精神病患的分析中，分析師承受了相當不同類型和程度的壓力(strain)珊泳，我想要描繪的正是這種不同的壓力鲁冯。

Recently for a period of a few days I found I was doing bad work. I made mistakes in respect of each one of my patients. The difficulty was in myself and it was partly personal but chiefly associated with a climax that I had reached in my relation to one particular psychotic (research) patient. The difficulty cleared up when I had what is sometimes called a 'healing' dream. (Incidentally I would add that during my analysis and in the years since the end of my analysis I have had a long series of these healing dreams which, although in many cases unpleasant, have each one of them marked my arrival at a new stage in emotional development.)

最近幾天來，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的工作做的不好色查。我在我的每一位病人身上都犯了錯薯演。這個困難源自我自身而且有部分私人原因，但主要是關(guān)于我與某個精神病患（研究）的關(guān)系達到了極限秧了。當我做了一個有時被稱為是“有治療功效”的夢的時候跨扮，這困難就明朗化了。（順便加一句验毡，在我的這次分析中衡创，以及這次分析結(jié)束后的幾年里，我擁有了一長串這種有治療功效的夢晶通，盡管很多時候是令人不快的璃氢，但它們中的每一個都標識著我在情緒發(fā)展中到達了新階段。）

On this particular occasion I was aware of the meaning of the dream as I woke or even before I woke. The dream had two phases. In the first I was in the 'gods' in a theatre and looking down on the people a long way below in the stalls. I felt severe anxiety as if I might lose a limb. This was associated with the feeling I have had at the top of the Eiffel Tower that if I put my hand over the edge it would fall off on to the ground below. This would be ordinary castration anxiety.

有這么一個特別的情景狮辽，在我醒來后一也，或者甚至是在醒來前，我就已意識到這夢的意義喉脖。這夢擁有兩個階段椰苟。在第一階段，我在戲院中的‘頂層樓座’(gods)遠遠地俯視小隔間里的人們树叽。我感到強烈的焦慮舆蝴，好像我可能失去一只手或一條腿。這與我在埃菲爾鐵塔頂端的感覺有關(guān)：那時我感覺把手放到了邊界外面题诵，它就會掉下去须误。這可能是普通的閹割焦慮。

In the next phase of the dream I was aware that the people in the stalls were watching a play and I was now related through them to what was going on on the stage. A new kind of anxiety now developed. What I knew was that I had no right side of my body at all. This was not a castration dream. It was a sense of not having that part of the body.

在這個夢的另一個階段仇轻，我意識到人們在正廳的座位上觀看著戲劇，也意識到我通過他們與舞臺上發(fā)生的一切有了關(guān)聯(lián)奶甘。一種新型的焦慮產(chǎn)生了篷店。我所確信的是我根本沒有右側(cè)的身體。這不是閹割夢。這是一種缺失身體那個部分的感覺疲陕。

As I woke I was aware of having understood at a very deep level what was my difficulty at that particular time. The first part of the dream represented the ordinary anxieties that might develop in respect of unconscious fantasies of my neurotic patients. I would be in danger of losing my hand or my fingers if these patients should become interested in them. With this kind of anxiety I was familiar, and it was comparatively tolerable.

當我醒來方淤，我就意識到，在那個特定的時刻蹄殃，我已經(jīng)在一個非常深的層次上理解了我的困難是什么携茂。夢的第一部分代表了普通的焦慮，一種與我的神經(jīng)癥患者的無意識幻想有關(guān)并從中發(fā)展出的焦慮诅岩。如果這些病人變得對我的手或者手指感興趣讳苦，我或許會有失去它們的危險。這種焦慮是我熟悉的吩谦，它是相對可忍受的鸳谜。

The second part of the dream, however, referred to my relation to the psychotic patient. This patient was requiring of me that I should have no relation to her body at all, not even an imaginative one; there was no body that she recognized as hers and if she existed at all she could only feel herself to be a mind. Any reference to her body produced paranoid anxieties, because to claim that she had a body was to persecute her. What she needed of me was that I should have only a mind speaking to her mind. At the culmination of my difficulties on the evening before the dream I had become irritated and had said that what she was needing of me was little better than hair-splitting. This had had a disastrous effect and it took many weeks for the analysis to recover from my lapse. The essential thing, however, was that I should understand my own anxiety and this was represented in the dream by the absence of the right side of my body when I tried to get into relation to the play that the people in the stalls were watching. This right side of my body was the side related to this particular patient and was therefore affected by her need to deny absolutely even an imaginative-relationship of our bodies. This denial was producing in me this psychotic type of anxiety, much less tolerable than ordinary castration anxiety. Whatever other interpretations might be made in respect of this dream the result of my having dreamed it and remembered it was that I was able to take up this analysis again and even to heal the harm done to it by my irritability which had its origin in a reactive anxiety of a quality that was appropriate to my contact with a patient with no body.

然而，夢的第二部分涉及到我和精神病人的關(guān)系式廷。這個病人曾經(jīng)要求我和她的身體不能有一點關(guān)系咐扭，甚至不能有想象的關(guān)系；她認識不到自己的身體滑废，如果她確實是存在的蝗肪，也只能感覺到自己是一種精神。因為其聲稱她有一個身體是在迫害自己蠕趁，所以任何對她身體的提及都會（使她）產(chǎn)生偏執(zhí)型焦慮薛闪。她只需要我與她心與心的交流。在做那個夢之前的夜晚妻导，我的困難達到了極致逛绵，我變得惱怒，并說她需要我的并不比吹毛求疵好多少倔韭。這件事造成了非常糟糕的影響术浪，以至于用了數(shù)周的時間，才使得我們的分析工作從我的過失中恢復過來寿酌。然而,關(guān)鍵是我需要懂得我自己的焦慮胰苏，這在夢中體現(xiàn)為，當我嘗試著和座位上人們正在觀看的戲劇建立起關(guān)系的時候醇疼，我右側(cè)身體的缺失硕并。我右側(cè)的身體是和這個特定的病人有關(guān)的一側(cè)，因此被她那種對我們之間哪怕是想象中的聯(lián)系的絕對拒絕所影響秧荆。這個拒絕使我產(chǎn)生了精神病類型的焦慮倔毙，比普通閹割焦慮更難忍受。無論這個夢還能做其他什么解讀乙濒，我夢到它并記住它的結(jié)果是陕赃，我能再次開始分析了卵蛉，甚至修復了（因我的）易怒而對分析所造成的傷害。我的這個易怒來自于反應性焦慮(reactive anxiety)么库，而這個反應性焦慮對于我同那個沒有身體的病人的接觸而言是毫不為過的傻丝。

The analyst must be prepared to bear strain without expecting the patient to know anything about what he is doing, perhaps over a long period of time. To do this he must be easily aware of his own fear and hate. He is in the position of the mother of an infant unborn or newly born. Eventually, he ought to be able to tell his patient what he has been through on the patient's behalf, but an analysis may never get as far as this. There may be too little good experience in the patient's past to work on. What if there be no satisfactory relationship of early infancy for the analyst to exploit in the transference?

也許在很長一段時間里,分析師必須準備好在不指望病人知道他正在做什么的情況下，承受內(nèi)在的壓力(strain)诉儒。為了能做到這一點葡缰，他必須是很容易感知到他自己的恐懼和恨。他正處于一個尚未出生或者剛出生嬰兒的母親的位置上忱反。最終,他應當能夠告訴他的病人泛释，他以病人的名義所經(jīng)歷的一切,但一個分析也許永遠也達不到這個境地。也許病人過往經(jīng)歷中可供（分析師）利用的好的體驗太少缭受。如果在嬰兒早期沒有令人滿意的關(guān)系給分析師在轉(zhuǎn)移中利用,又該如何呢?

There is a vast difference between those patients who have had satisfactory early experiences which can be discovered in the transference, and those whose very early experiences have been so deficient or distorted that the analyst has to be the first in the patient's life to supply certain environmental essentials. In the treatment of a patient of the latter kind all sorts of things in analytic technique become vitally important, things that can be taken for granted in the treatment of patients of the former type.

在這(兩種)病人之間存在著巨大的差異:（一種）病人擁有滿意的早期經(jīng)驗（這個可以在轉(zhuǎn)移中被發(fā)現(xiàn)）,（另一種病人）他們早期的經(jīng)驗是如此的匱乏或者扭曲以致于分析師不得不成為其生命中第一個提供某種環(huán)境要素的人胁澳。在后一種病人的治療中，分析技術(shù)里的各種各樣的事情米者，出現(xiàn)在治療第一種病人時可能會被當作理所當然的事情,都變得極其重要韭畸。

I asked a colleague whether he does analysis in the dark, and he said: “Why, no! Surely our job is to provide an ordinary environment: and the dark would be extraordinary.” He was surprised at my question. He was orientated towards analysis of neurotics. But this provision and maintenance of an ordinary environment can be in itself a vitally important thing in the analysis of a psychotic, in fact it can be, at times, even more important than the verbal interpretations which also have to be given. For the neurotic the couch and warmth and comfort can be symbolical of the mother's love; for the psychotic it would be more true to say that these things are the analyst's physical expression of love. The couch is the analyst's lap or womb, and the warmth is the live warmth of the analyst's body. And so on.

我問一位同事是否在黑暗中做分析，他說：“為什么奥恪胰丁？（當然）不！我們的工作就是提供一個平常的環(huán)境：而黑暗是不尋常的喂分〗跤梗”他驚訝于我的問題。神經(jīng)癥患者的分析是他的（工作）方向蒲祈。而在分析精神病患者時甘萧，提供并保持一個平常的環(huán)境本身就很可能是極其重要的，事實上梆掸，有時候扬卷，甚至比分析中必須給予的語言上的解釋更為重要。對于神經(jīng)癥患者而言酸钦，沙發(fā)怪得、溫暖和舒適很可能就是母愛的象征；對于精神病患而言卑硫，這些東西更是分析師身體的愛的表達徒恋。沙發(fā)是分析師的大腿或子宮，溫暖是分析師身體溫度的活生生的體現(xiàn)等等欢伏。

There is, I hope, a progression in my statement of my subject. The analyst's hate is ordinarily latent and is easily kept so. In analysis of psychotics the analyst is under greater strain to keep his hate latent, and he can only do this by being thoroughly aware of it. I want to add that in certain stages of certain analyses the analyst's hate is actually sought by the patient, and what is then needed is hate that is objective. If the patient seeks objective or justified hate he must be able to reach it, else he cannot feel he can reach objective love.

希望我對這個主題的陳述有一個漸進的過程入挣。分析師的恨通常是潛伏的而且容易一直這樣屏轰。在精神病患的分析中佑惠，分析師冒著更大的壓力(strain)斑匪，讓他的恨潛伏起來,而他只能在完全意識到這一點的情況下做到這一切龟虎。我想要補充一點，就是在一些分析的某些特定階段分析師的恨事實上會被病人搜尋匠璧，而這個時候需要的是客觀的恨。如果病人尋找客觀的或者合理的恨咸这，他應該是可以觸及到的夷恍，否則他就無法感受到他能觸到客觀的愛。

It is perhaps relevant here to cite the case of the child of the broken home, or the child without parents. Such a child spends his time unconsciously looking for his parents. It is notoriously inadequate to take such a child into one's home and to love him. What happens is that after a while a child so adopted gains hope, and then he starts to test out the environment he has found, and to seek proof of his guardians' ability to hate objectively. It seems that he can believe in being loved only after reaching being hated.

在這里引用破裂家庭孩子或者沒有父母的孩子的案例也許是貼切的媳维。這樣的孩子無意識地花費時間去尋找父母酿雪。把這樣的孩子帶進一個家庭并且愛他是非常不合適的。通常發(fā)生的狀況是侄刽，不久后這樣被收養(yǎng)的孩子將會生出希望指黎，接下來他開始徹底考驗他所處的環(huán)境，并且尋找他的監(jiān)護人有能力去客觀的恨的證據(jù)州丹〈装玻看起來好像他只有在相信他被恨之后才能相信自己被愛。

During the second World War a boy of nine came to a hostel for evacuated children, sent from London not because of bombs but because of truancy. I hoped to give him some treatment during his stay in the hostel, but his symptom won and he ran away as he had always done from everywhere since the age of six when he first ran away from home. However, I had established contact with him in one interview in which I could see and interpret through a drawing of his that in running away he was unconsciously saving the inside of his home and preserving his mother from assault, as well as trying to get away from his own inner world, which was full of persecutors.

在二戰(zhàn)期間墓毒，一個九歲的男孩來到一個為撤離的兒童設立的旅館吓揪，他從倫敦送離不是因為轟炸，而是因為逃學所计。我試圖在他逗留旅店期間給他做一些治療柠辞，但是他的癥狀贏了，他逃跑了主胧，正如他從他待過的每個地方逃跑那樣叭首，自從他六歲時第一次從家里逃跑以后就如此。然而踪栋，在一次面談中焙格，我通過他的畫,得以領(lǐng)會并能夠解釋，在逃跑中己英，他無意識地在挽救他的家庭內(nèi)部间螟，保護母親免受家暴,同時也在試圖逃避他那滿是迫害者的內(nèi)心世界。

I was not very surprised when he turned up in the police station very near my home. This was one of the few police stations that did not know him intimately. My wife very generously took him in and kept him for three months, three months of hell. He was the most lovable and most maddening of children, often stark staring mad. But fortunately we knew what to expect. We dealt with the first phase by giving him complete freedom and a shilling whenever he went out. He had only to ring up and we fetched him from whatever police station had taken charge of him.

當他出現(xiàn)在離我家很近的警察局的時候损肛，我不是很驚訝厢破。這是為數(shù)不多的對他并不熟知的警察局之一。我的妻子非常大方地接受了他治拿，并讓他在我家待了三個月摩泪，如地獄般的三個月。他是孩子中最可愛也是最令人惱火的劫谅，經(jīng)常是令人完全抓狂的见坑。但幸運的是我們預料到了嚷掠。第一個階段，我們這樣對待他：給他充分的自由荞驴，無論何時當他出門時都給他一先令不皆。無論他被哪個警察局接管，他只需要打一個電話熊楼，我們就把他接出來霹娄。

Soon the expected change-over occurred, the truancy symptom turned round, and the boy started dramatizing the assault on the inside. It was really a whole-time job for the two of us together, and when I was out.the worst episodes took place.

不久，預料中的轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)生了鲫骗，逃學的癥狀不見了犬耻，男孩開始將暴力在內(nèi)部戲劇化。對我們兩個人而言执泰，這真是一個全職的工作枕磁，并且當我外出時，最糟糕的一幕發(fā)生了术吝。

Interpretation had to be made at any minute of day or night, and often the only solution in a crisis was to make the correct interpretation, as if the boy were in analysis. It was the correct interpretation that he valued above everything.

我們不得不隨時地计济、不分晝夜地給出解釋，而且經(jīng)常是在危機中唯一所提供的是給出正確的解釋顿苇，就好像男孩正在做分析一樣峭咒。他將正確的解釋看得高于一切。

The important thing for the purpose of this paper is the way in which the evolution of the boy's personality engendered hate in me, and what I did about it.

這篇文章最重要的目的在于說明,這個孩子的人格演變?nèi)绾卧谖业纳砩弦l(fā)恨纪岁，以及我是怎么處理的凑队。

Did I hit him? The answer is no, I never hit. But I should have had to have done so if I had not known all about my hate and if I had not let him know about it too. At crises I would take him by bodily strength, without anger or blame, and put him outside the front door, whatever the weather or the time of day or night. There was a special bell he could ring, and he knew that if he rang it he would be readmitted and no word said about the past. He used this bell as soon as he had recovered from his maniacal attack.

我打了他嗎？答案是沒有幔翰，我從不這樣做漩氨。但是，如果我不知道我的恨遗增，如果我也不讓他知道叫惊，可能會不得不打他。在他發(fā)作時做修，我會用身體的力量來制服他霍狰，不帶有憤怒和責備，讓他站在大門外饰及，無論天氣如何蔗坯，是白天或者黑夜。有一個特制的門鈴他可以按燎含。并且他知道宾濒，如果他按了它，他會被重新接受并且我們會對發(fā)生過的事情只字不提屏箍。一旦他從發(fā)狂的攻擊狀態(tài)中恢復過來绘梦，便按這個門鈴橘忱。

The important thing is that each time, just as I put him outside the door, I told him something; I said that what had happened had made me hate him. This was easy because it was so true.

重要的是，每次我把他放在門外卸奉，我會告訴他一些東西钝诚。我說，發(fā)生的這件事讓我恨他榄棵。這是很容易的敲长，因為它是如此的真實。

I think these words were important from the point of view of his progress, but they were mainly important in enabling me to tolerate the situation without letting out, without losing my temper and without every now and again murdering him.

我認為秉继，從他進步的角度上來看，這些話語很重要泽铛；但最重要的是尚辑，這些話語使我能夠容忍這樣的情形，而不是打罵盔腔、發(fā)脾氣杠茬，甚至是不時地想殺掉他。

This boy's full story cannot be told here. He went to an Approved School. His deeply rooted relation to us has remained one of the few stable things in his life. This episode from ordinary life can be used to illustrate the general topic of hate justified in the present; this is to be distinguished from hate that is only justified in another setting but which is tapped by some action of a patient.

這個孩子完整的故事沒法在這里被講完弛随。他后來去了一所青少年管教學校（Approved School）瓢喉。他與我們之間根深蒂固的關(guān)系，一直是他生命中的為數(shù)不多的穩(wěn)定的事物之一舀透。這個來自普通生活的一幕栓票，可以用來說明在目前是有正當理由的恨這個一般性論題；它有別與另一種情形中合理的恨愕够，但這種恨是被病人的某種行為觸發(fā)出來的走贪。

11

Out of all the complexity of the problem of hate and its roots I want to rescue one thing, because I believe it has an importance for the analyst of psychotic patients. I suggest that the mother hates the baby before the baby hates the mother, and before the baby can know his mother hates him.

在所有恨及其根源這個問題的復雜性之中，我想指出一點惑芭，因為我相信這對于和精神病患工作的分析師來說非常重要坠狡。我認為，在孩子開始恨母親之前遂跟，母親就開始恨孩子逃沿，而且，這是在孩子知道母親恨他之前幻锁。

Before developing this theme I want to refer to Freud. In Instincts and their Vicissitudes (1915), where he says so much that is original and illuminating about hate, Freud says: 'We might at a pinch say of an instinct that it "loves" the objects after which it strives for purposes of satisfaction, but to say that it "hates" an object strikes us as odd, so we become aware that the attitudes of love and hate cannot be said to characterize the relation of instincts to their objects, but are reserved for the relations of the ego as a whole to objects…. ' This I feel is true and important. Does this not mean that the personality must be integrated before an infant can be said to hate? However early integration may be achieved—perhaps integration occurs earliest at the height of excitement or rage—there is a theoretical earlier stage in which whatever the infant does that hurts is not done in hate. I have used the term 'ruthless love' in describing this stage. Is this acceptable? As the infant becomes able to feel to be a whole person, so does the word hate develop meaning as a description of a certain group of his feelings.

在進一步闡述這個主題之前凯亮，我想引用弗洛伊德的論點。在《本能及其命運》（Instincts and their Vicissitudes 越败，1915）中触幼，弗洛伊德在恨的問題上提出了許多獨創(chuàng)的和有啟發(fā)性的說法。弗洛伊德說：“我們在必要時可以說究飞，在為達到滿意的目標而努力爭取之后置谦，‘愛’這些客體是一種本能堂鲤；但要是去說‘恨’一個客體是一種本能的話，我們則會莫名其妙媒峡。所以我們意識到瘟栖，愛和恨的態(tài)度不能用來描述本能和其客體之間的關(guān)系，而是自我作為一個整體和客體之間的關(guān)系……”我認為這是正確且重要的谅阿。這難道不意味著在嬰兒可以說會恨之前半哟，人格必須是整合的嗎？然而签餐，早期的整合是可以實現(xiàn)的——整合可能最早發(fā)生在興奮或憤怒的最高階段——這個理論上更早的階段是寓涨，不論嬰兒做什么傷害他人的事都不是出于恨。我用“無情的愛”一詞來描述這個階段氯檐。這可以接受嗎戒良？當嬰兒逐漸變得能感知自己是一個完整的人的時候，恨這個詞才能發(fā)展出意義冠摄，用來描述他的某一部分感受糯崎。

The mother, however, hates her infant from the word go. I believe Freud thought it possible that a mother may in certain circumstances have only love for her boy baby; but we may doubt this. We know about a mother's love and we appreciate its reality and power. Let me give some of the reasons why a mother hates her baby, even a boy:

然而，母親從一開始就是恨他的孩子的河泳。我相信弗洛伊德認為沃呢，在某些特定的環(huán)境下，一個母親有可能對她的兒子只有愛拆挥；但是薄霜，我們對此可以有所懷疑。我們了解母親的愛纸兔，并欣賞它的真實性與力量黄锤。讓我給出一些母親恨孩子（即使是男孩）的理由：

The baby is not her own (mental) conception.

1、這個嬰兒不符合她自己的（心中）設想食拜。

The baby is not the one of childhood play, father's child, brother's child, etc.

2鸵熟、嬰兒不是童年的游戲，也不是父親的孩子负甸、兄弟的孩子等等流强。

The baby is not magically produced.

3、嬰兒不是被奇跡般地生出來的呻待。

The baby is a danger to her body in pregnancy and at birth.

4打月、在懷孕和出生的時候，這個嬰兒對她的身體是一個威脅蚕捉。

The baby is an interference with her private life, a challenge to preoccupation.

5奏篙、嬰兒打擾了她的私人生活，對吸引它的事物來說是一個挑戰(zhàn)。

To a greater or lesser extent a mother feels that her own mother demands a baby, so that her baby is produced to placate her mother.

6秘通、這個媽媽或多或少地感到为严，她自己的母親需要一個小孩，因此她生孩子只是為了安撫她的母親肺稀。

The baby hurts her nipples even by suckling, which is at first a chewing activity.

7第股、嬰兒在吮吸時甚至傷害到了她的乳頭，剛開始（喝奶）時簡直就是在嚼话原。

He is ruthless, treats her as scum, an unpaid servant, a slave.

8夕吻、他是無情的，視她為垃圾繁仁、一個沒有報酬的仆人涉馅、一個奴隸。

She has to love him, excretions and all, at any rate at the beginning, till he has doubts about himself.

9黄虱、從一開始她不管怎樣都得愛它控漠，不論是他拉粑粑還是別的什么，直到這個孩子開始懷疑自己悬钳。

He tries to hurt her, periodically bites her, all in love.

10、他努力傷害她偶翅，周期性咬她默勾，這還全都是出于愛。

He shows disillusionment about her.

11聚谁、他表現(xiàn)出對她的幻想破滅母剥。

His excited love is cupboard love, so that having got what he wants he throws her away like orange peel。

12形导、令他興奮的對她的愛就像對碗櫥的愛环疼，得到了他想要的之后，就把她像橘子皮一樣丟棄了朵耕。

The baby at first must dominate, he must be protected from coincidences, life must unfold at the baby's rate and all this needs his mother's continuous and detailed study. For instance, she must not be anxious when hold-ing him, etc.

13炫隶、嬰兒在開始的時候必須是主宰，他必須被保護免于意外阎曹，生活的節(jié)奏必須按照嬰兒的步調(diào)來伪阶，所有這些，需要母親連續(xù)而逐條地加以研究处嫌。比如栅贴，當她抱著他時必須不能焦慮，等等熏迹。

At first he does not know at all what she does or what she sacrifices for him. Especially he cannot allow for her hate.

14檐薯、最初，他一點也不知道她所做的事情注暗，或者她為他所作的犧牲坛缕。尤其是他不能體諒她的恨意墓猎。

He is suspicious, refuses her good food, and makes her doubt herself, but eats well with his aunt.

15、他是多疑的祷膳，拒絕她提供的好食物陶衅，使她懷疑自己，而他卻和七大姑八大姨吃得很好直晨。

After an awful morning with him she goes out, and he smiles at a stranger, who says: 'Isn't he sweet?'

16搀军、與他度過了一個糟糕的早上后外出，他對陌生人微笑勇皇，而那人說：“他多么可愛罢志洹！

If she fails him at the start she knows he will pay her out for ever.

? ? 17敛摘、如果她一開始時辜負了他门烂，她知道他會一直報復她。

He excites her but frustrates—she mustn't eat him or trade in sex with him.

? ? 18兄淫、他使她興奮屯远，但也使她感到挫敗——她不能吃了他，也不能與他有性交易捕虽。

? ? I think that in the analysis of psychotics, and in the ultimate stages of the analysis, even of a normal person, the analyst must find himself in a position comparable to that of the mother of a new-born baby. When deeply regressed the patient cannot identify with the analyst or appreciate his point of view any more than the foetus or newly born infant can sympathize with the mother.

? 我認為慨丐，在對精神病人的分析工作中，在分析的最后階段（甚至是正常人的）泄私，分析師應當發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于類似于新生兒母親的位置上房揭。在深度退行時，病人對分析師的認同或者其觀點的領(lǐng)會晌端，不會比胎兒或者新生兒與母親的共鳴更多捅暴。

A mother has to be able to tolerate hating her baby without doing anything about it. She cannot express it to him. If, for fear of what she may do, she cannot hate appropriately when hurt by her child she must fall back on masochism, and I think it is this that gives rise to the false theory of a natural masochism in women. The most remarkable thing about a mother is her ability to be hurt so much by her baby and to hate so much without paying the child out, and her ability to wait for rewards that may or may not come at a later date. Perhaps she is helped by some of the nursery rhymes she sings, which her baby enjoys but fortunately does not understand?

'Rockabye Baby, on the tree top,

When the wind blows the cradle will rock,

When the bough breaks the cradle will fall,

Down will come baby, cradle and all.'

? ? 一個母親必須能夠容忍自己去恨她的孩子而不付諸任何行動。她不能向他表達這種恨意咧纠。出于害怕她可能要做的事情蓬痒，如果她在被她的孩子傷害時不能適當?shù)娜ズ蓿蜁萑胱耘爸衅岣帷Ｎ艺J為乳幸，正是這樣才引出了女性是天生的受虐狂的錯誤理論。一個母親最不尋常的地方钧椰，就在于她能夠被孩子如此傷害粹断，并且這么恨她的孩子卻能不去報復他;(也)在于她能夠等待未來那可能會有，也可能不會有的回報嫡霞∑柯瘢或許某些她所唱的童謠對她是有幫助的？幸運的是她的寶寶很享受卻聽不懂。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? “乖乖睡的寶寶在樹梢养筒，

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 風吹過曾撤，搖籃搖，

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 樹枝枝斷了晕粪，搖籃掉挤悉，

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 寶寶和搖籃一塊兒掉∥紫妫”

I think of a mother (or father) playing with a small infant; the infant enjoying the play and not knowing that the parent is expressing hate in the words, perhaps in terms of birth symbolism. This is not a sentimental rhyme. Sentimentality is useless for parents, as it contains a denial of hate, and sentimentality in a mother is no good at all from the infant's point of view.

我認為母親（或父親）在與嬰兒玩這個游戲時装悲，嬰兒很享受這個游戲，卻不知道也許從出生的象征性這個意義上講尚氛，父母在話語里表達著恨诀诊。這不是多愁善感的兒歌。多愁善感包含了對恨的否認阅嘶，它對父母來說是無用的属瓣，并且從嬰兒的角度來看，母親的多愁善感一點都沒用讯柔。

It seems to me doubtful whether a human child as he develops is capable of tolerating the full extent of his own hate in a sentimental environment. He needs hate to hate.

我似乎吃不準抡蛙，人類的孩子在其成長發(fā)育的過程中，是否能夠在多愁善感的環(huán)境里魂迄，最大程度的容忍他自己的恨粗截。他需要有恨才能去恨。

If this is true, a psychotic patient in analysis cannot be expected to tolerate his hate of the analyst unless the analyst can hate him.

如果這是正確的极祸，那么在分析中，只有在分析師能夠去恨他的精神病患者時怠晴，病人才能有可能去容忍他自己對分析師的恨遥金。

If all this is accepted there remains for discussion the question of the interpretation of the analyst's hate to the patient. This is obviously a matter fraught with danger, and it needs the most careful timing. But I believe an analysis is incomplete if even towards the end it has not been possible for the analyst to tell the patient what he, the analyst, did unbeknown for the patient whilst he was ill, in the early stages. Until this interpretation is made the patient is kept to some extent in the position of infant — one who cannot understand what he owes to his mother.

如果所有這些都是可以接受的，那么現(xiàn)在只剩下討論分析師如何解釋對病人之恨這個問題了蒜田。這顯然是件充滿危險的事情稿械，它需要對時機最小心的把握。但我相信冲粤，如果甚至到最后分析師都無法告訴病人美莫，在病人患病期間，分析師在分析工作的早期瞞著病人做的事梯捕，那么這個分析就是不完整的厢呵。在做出這個解釋之前，患者在一定程度上被放在了嬰兒的位置上——他不能理解他對他的母親虧欠了什么傀顾。

An analyst has to display all the patience and tolerance and reliability of a mother devoted to her infant; has to recognize the patient's wishes as needs; has to put aside other interests in order to be available and to be punctual and objective; and has to seem to want to give what is really only given because of the patient's needs.

分析師必須如同一個對她的嬰兒一心一意的母親那樣襟铭，展現(xiàn)出他所有的耐心、寬容和可靠；必須把患者的愿望當做需要寒砖；必須把其他興趣放到一邊赐劣，以確保隨叫隨到、準時和客觀哩都；必須看上去像是想要僅是出于病人的需要而給予魁兼。

There may be a long initial period in which the analyst's point of view cannot be appreciated (even unconsciously) by the patient. Acknowledgement cannot be expected because, at the primitive root of the patient that is being looked for, there is no capacity for identification with the analyst; and certainly the patient cannot see that the analyst's hate is often engendered by the very things the patient does in his crude way of loving.

有可能在最初的很長一段時間里，分析師的觀點無法被患者領(lǐng)會（即便是無意識的）漠嵌。分析師的不被認可是因為咐汞，在被追尋的患者的原始根源里，缺乏對分析師產(chǎn)生認同的能力献雅；而且患者當然無法領(lǐng)會到碉考，分析師的恨常常是由患者自己，出于粗魯方式的愛的所作所為造成的挺身。

In the analysis (research analysis) or in ordinary management of the more psychotic type of patient, a great strain is put on the analyst (psychiatrist, mental nurse) and it is important to study the ways in which anxiety of psychotic quality and also hate are produced in those who work with severely ill psychiatric patients. Only in this way can there be any hope of the avoidance of therapy that is adapted to the needs of the therapist rather than to the needs of the patient.

在分析（研究分析）中侯谁，或者在平常對更嚴重的精神病患者的管理中，分析師（精神病醫(yī)生和護士）承受了巨大的壓力章钾，對那些與嚴重精神病患者一起工作的人是如何產(chǎn)生精神病性質(zhì)的焦慮和恨的研究是很重要的墙贱。只有藉此途徑，那種基于分析師需要而不是患者之需要的治療才能得以被避免贱傀。