Guerilla Open Access Manifesto

Aaron Swartz? 亞倫·斯沃茨

July 2008, Eremo, Italy?

Information is power. But like all power, there are those who want to keep it for themselves. The world’s entire scientific and cultural heritage, published over centuries in books and journals, is increasingly being digitized and locked up by a handful of private corporations. Want to read the papers featuring the most famous results of the sciences? You’ll need to send enormous amounts to publishers like Reed Elsevier.

“信息就是力量货徙。但就像所有力量一樣臂外，有些人只想將其占為己有喉誊。世界上所有的科學(xué)和文化遺產(chǎn)，已在書籍和期刊上發(fā)布了數(shù)個世紀(jì)，正漸漸地被少數(shù)私有公司數(shù)字化并上鎖场梆。想要閱讀那些有著最著名研究成果的論文摹芙？你必須支付給里德·愛思唯爾（Reed Elsevier）那樣的出版商大把鈔票。

There are those struggling to change this. The Open Access Movement has fought valiantly to ensure that scientists do not sign their copyrights away but instead ensure their work is published on the Internet, under terms that allow anyone to access it. But even under the best scenarios, their work will only apply to things published in the future. Everything up until now will have been lost.

有些人正在努力改變這種局面袱瓮。開放獲取運(yùn)動進(jìn)行了英勇的斗爭缤骨，以確保科學(xué)家們不會放棄他們的版權(quán)尺借，而是確保他們的作品在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上發(fā)表绊起，并允許任何人訪問。但即使在最好的情況下燎斩，他們的工作也只適用于未來出版的東西虱歪。到現(xiàn)在為止的一切都將失去。

That is too high a price to pay. Forcing academics to pay money to read the work of their colleagues? Scanning entire libraries but only allowing the folks at Google to read them? Providing scientific articles to those at elite universities in the First World, but not to children in the Global South? It’s outrageous and unacceptable.

“為此付出的代價實(shí)在太大栅表。強(qiáng)制學(xué)者付錢以閱讀同行的成果笋鄙？掃描整個圖書館卻只允許Google的人閱讀它們？提供學(xué)術(shù)論文給第一世界的精英大學(xué)怪瓶，卻不給身在南半球的兒童萧落？這些行為蠻橫而令人無法接受。

“I agree,” many say, “but what can we do? The companies hold the copyrights, they make enormous amounts of money by charging for access, and it’s perfectly legal — there’s nothing we can do to stop them.” But there is something we can, something that’s already being done: we can fight back.

“‘我同意洗贰，’很多人說找岖，‘但我們能做些什么呢？那些公司握有版權(quán)敛滋，他們靠限制訪問賺取大把鈔票许布，而且這完全是合法的——我們無力阻止他們∫锘危’但有些事我們能做爹脾，而且已經(jīng)在做：反擊。

Those with access to these resources — students, librarians, scientists — you have been given a privilege. You get to feed at this banquet of knowledge while the rest of the world is locked out. But you need not — indeed, morally, you cannot — keep this privilege for yourselves. You have a duty to share it with the world. And you have: trading passwords with colleagues, filling download requests for friends.

“那些能夠訪問這些資源的人——學(xué)生箕昭、圖書管理員灵妨、科學(xué)家——你們被賦予了特權(quán)。你們能享受到這場知識的盛宴落竹，而其他人卻被排除在外泌霍。但是你們不必——事實(shí)上，從道義層面來說，你們不能——僅為自己保留這份特權(quán)朱转。你們有義務(wù)與全世界分享它蟹地，而且你們已經(jīng)在做了：與同行交換密碼，回應(yīng)朋友的下載請求藤为。

Meanwhile, those who have been locked out are not standing idly by. You have been sneaking through holes and climbing over fences, liberating the information locked up by the publishers and sharing them with your friends.

“同時怪与，那些被拒之門外的人們，并沒有守株待兔缅疟。你們悄悄地穿過洞穴分别，翻過圍墻，解放那些被出版商封鎖的信息存淫，分享給你們的朋友耘斩。

But all of this action goes on in the dark, hidden underground. It’s called stealing or piracy, as if sharing a wealth of knowledge were the moral equivalent of plundering a ship and murdering its crew. But sharing isn’t immoral — it’s a moral imperative. Only those blinded by greed would refuse to let a friend make a copy.

“但所有這些行動都是在黑暗中進(jìn)行，隱藏于地下桅咆。它們被稱為‘偷竊’或‘盜版’括授，仿佛分享大量知識等同于搶劫船只并謀殺船員。但分享并非不道德岩饼，而是一種道德使命荚虚。只有利欲熏心者才會拒絕讓朋友復(fù)制。

Large corporations, of course, are blinded by greed. The laws under which they operate require it — their shareholders would revolt at anything less. And the politicians they have bought off back them, passing laws giving them the exclusive power to decide who can make copies.

“大公司自然利欲熏心籍茧。它們賴以生存的法律要求它們?nèi)绱恕晕①嵉蒙冱c(diǎn)曲管，投資人就會暴動。它們花錢收買政治家的支持硕糊，通過法律賦予它們特權(quán)院水，決定誰才可以復(fù)制。

There is no justice in following unjust laws. It’s time to come into the light and, in the grand tradition of civil disobedience, declare our opposition to this private theft of public culture.

“遵從不公正的法律不會帶來公正简十。步入光明的時候到了檬某，在公民不服從的偉大傳統(tǒng)下，宣告我們對這種盜竊公共文化的行為的反抗螟蝙。

We need to take information, wherever it is stored, make our copies and share them with the world. We need to take stuff that's out of copyright and add it to the archive. We need to buy secret databases and put them on the Web. We need to download scientific journals and upload them to file sharing networks. We need to fight for Guerilla Open Access.

“我們要奪回信息恢恼，無論它們被存在何處，復(fù)制它們并與全世界共享胰默。我們要取得版權(quán)到期的作品并將它們歸檔场斑。我們要買下秘密數(shù)據(jù)庫并將它們放在網(wǎng)上。我們要下載科學(xué)期刊并將它們上傳至文件共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)牵署。我們要為‘游擊隊(duì)開放訪問’而戰(zhàn)漏隐。

With enough of us, around the world, we’ll not just send a strong message opposing the privatization of knowledge — we’ll make it a thing of the past. Will you join us?

“只要全世界擁有足夠多的成員，我們就不僅僅是在傳達(dá)一個反對知識私有化的強(qiáng)有力的信號奴迅，我們還將令這一切成為過去青责。你愿意加入我們嗎？

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