明喻
明喻（simile）俗稱(chēng)直喻，是依據(jù)比喻和被比喻兩種不同事物的相似關(guān)系而構(gòu)成的修辭格。 如：
The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
? ? 開(kāi)滿櫻花的鄉(xiāng)村，看起來(lái)有如粉紅雪鋪滿地彩匕。
The smile on her face shone like a diamond.
? ? 她的笑容像寶石一樣閃閃發(fā)光墓造。
The scenery along the Lijiang River in Guilin is just like a beautiful landscape painting.
? ? 桂林漓江的沿途風(fēng)景就像一幅美麗的山水畫(huà)。
His heart is as hard as a stone.
? ? 他鐵石心腸解寝。
Her soul is as pure as snow.
? ? 她的心靈純潔無(wú)比扩然。
認(rèn)真觀察以上各例，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的特點(diǎn)聋伦，由(as) ... as, like等引導(dǎo)夫偶，這些引導(dǎo)詞被稱(chēng)作比喻詞（acknowledging word），它們是辨別明喻的最顯著的特征觉增，明喻較為直白兵拢，比喻物和被比喻物之間相似點(diǎn)較為明顯，所以明喻是一種比較好判斷的修辭手法抑片。
和as … as … 相關(guān)的詞塊積累：
as soft as water? ? 柔情似水
as pure as snow? ? 純凈如雪
as clear as crystal? ? 清如水晶
as weak as water? ? 軟弱無(wú)力卵佛，弱不禁風(fēng)
as unique as a fingerprint? ? 獨(dú)一無(wú)二
as drunk as a mouse? ? 爛醉如泥
和like相關(guān)的詞塊積累：
like a duck to water? ? 如魚(yú)得水
like a drowned cat? ? 落湯雞
like a cat on hot bricks? ? 熱鍋上的螞蟻
like a rat in a hole? ? 如甕中之鱉
暗喻
暗喻（metaphor）：也稱(chēng)隱喻，是依據(jù)比喻和被比喻兩種不同事物的相似或相關(guān)關(guān)系而構(gòu)成的修辭格敞斋。無(wú)需借助比喻詞截汪，直接將甲事物當(dāng)作乙事物來(lái)描寫(xiě)。例如：
Life is a ship on the ocean meeting both sunny days and stormy days.
? ? 生活是一艘在海上航行的船植捎，既會(huì)遇到晴天衙解，也會(huì)遇到暴風(fēng)雨天。
Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.
? ? 笑是驅(qū)走人們臉上寒意的太陽(yáng)焰枢。
She is going through a roller coaster of emotions.
? ? 她正經(jīng)歷著情感的過(guò)山車(chē)蚓峦。
At once, the Eastern and Western Chang’an Roads became roaring oceans.
? ? 霎時(shí)間，東西長(zhǎng)安街成了喧騰的大海济锄。
由以上各例可知暑椰，暗喻沒(méi)有引導(dǎo)詞，這是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大區(qū)別荐绝。換句話說(shuō)一汽，有為明喻，沒(méi)有為暗喻低滩。如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很顯然召夹，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻恕沫。暗喻時(shí)监憎，比喻物和被比喻物之間的相似點(diǎn)較為含蓄，猛一看它們毫無(wú)關(guān)系婶溯，實(shí)際卻有著某種內(nèi)在聯(lián)系鲸阔。
詞塊積累：
a bed of roses? ? 安樂(lè)窩
clean hands? ? 兩袖清風(fēng)
curtain-lecture? ? 枕頭風(fēng)
like mushroom? ? 雨后春筍
mushroom fame? ? 一夜成名
a mushroom millionaire? ? 暴發(fā)戶
夸張
夸張（hyperbole）：夸張手法是人們從主觀出發(fā)偷霉，有意識(shí)地把事實(shí)夸大，故意言過(guò)其實(shí)隶债，以達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出的一種修辭手法腾它。它偏重于情感，而不太注重事實(shí)死讹，表達(dá)得比實(shí)際事情更高瞒滴、更強(qiáng)烈、更有集中性赞警，具有詼諧妓忍、譏諷、褒貶等功用愧旦。一般說(shuō)來(lái)世剖，凡事物，都可適當(dāng)?shù)乩每鋸埲バ揎棥?
My gray hair can make a long long rope.
? ? 白發(fā)三千丈笤虫。
When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
? ? 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息時(shí)旁瘫，她淚流成河。
Her appearance fairly took my breath away.
? ? 她的美貌令我神魂顛倒琼蚯。
擬人
擬人（personification）：擬人手法是把物（諸如動(dòng)物酬凳、植物、物體遭庶、思想或抽象概念等）比作人宁仔，賦予它們?nèi)说奶匦浴⑼獗砺退⑺季S翎苫、動(dòng)作，即把本來(lái)適用于人的詞匯用于物榨了，使之人格化煎谍。如：
The thunder clapped angrily in the distance.
? ? 雷聲在遠(yuǎn)處怒吼著。
The sun looks over the mountain’s rim.
? ? 太陽(yáng)掛在山邊龙屉。
The city gradually began to breathe again.
? ? 城市漸漸開(kāi)始恢復(fù)生機(jī)粱快。
The wind howled in the night.
? ? 夜里狂風(fēng)怒吼。
The flowers / The curtains danced in the gentle breeze.
? ? 花兒/窗簾在微風(fēng)中翩翩起舞叔扼。
The candle flame danced in the dark.
? ? 蠟燭的火焰在黑暗中跳動(dòng)。
排比
排比（parallelism）：是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上短語(yǔ)或句子構(gòu)成漫雷，其并列的結(jié)構(gòu)相同或類(lèi)似瓜富，意思相關(guān)，語(yǔ)氣連貫降盹，使得句子讀起來(lái)流暢与柑，富有節(jié)奏感近弟。
Reading makes us wise and exercises make us strong.
? ? 讀書(shū)使我們睿智，鍛煉使我們強(qiáng)健榔袋。
To succeed in life, you need to take advantage of opportunities and to follow your dreams.
? ? 要想在生活中獲得成功让蕾，你需要抓住機(jī)會(huì)，追隨你的夢(mèng)想结蟋。
This is not only just what I wanted, but also what I needed.
? ? 這不僅是我想要的脯倚，也是我需要的。
對(duì)比
對(duì)比（contrast）：巧妙地運(yùn)用對(duì)比嵌屎，可以突出作者想要強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容或情感推正。
Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.
? ? 很多人很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們?cè)谖镔|(zhì)上很富裕宝惰，但精神上卻很貧乏植榕。
Everyone in the classroom was chatting happily while Refael sat alone, at a loss.
? ? 教室里的每個(gè)人都在開(kāi)心地聊天，而拉斐爾卻一個(gè)人坐在那里不知所措.
Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. Never in all San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on that terrible night.
? ? 歷史上尼夺，從來(lái)沒(méi)有一個(gè)城市被如此徹底摧毀過(guò)尊残。歷史上，舊金山人民從來(lái)沒(méi)有像在那個(gè)可怕的夜晚中那樣寬容善良過(guò)淤堵。
Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction — east, west, north and south, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city.
? ? 海上風(fēng)平浪靜寝衫，沒(méi)有風(fēng)。然而粘勒，從四面八方——東南西北來(lái)的強(qiáng)風(fēng)都吹向這座不幸的城市竞端。
反復(fù)
反復(fù)（repetition）：反復(fù)是把詞、詞組庙睡、從句等進(jìn)行有意識(shí)的重復(fù)事富，以達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。例如：
For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.
? ? 三天來(lái)乘陪，村子里的井水升升降降统台，起起伏伏。
The trees were blown down, the billboards were blown down and the houses were blown down, some of which even lay in pieces.
? ? 樹(shù)木被吹倒了啡邑，廣告牌被吹倒了贱勃，房子被吹倒了，甚至有些摔成碎片谤逼。
Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now it is the time to work hard for the future.
? ? 現(xiàn)在是忘掉過(guò)去一切的時(shí)候了」笕牛現(xiàn)在是言歸正傳的時(shí)候了。現(xiàn)在是為未來(lái)而奮斗的時(shí)候了流部。
Watch your thoughts, for they become your words;
? ? Watch your words, for they become your actions;
? ? Watch your actions, for they become your habits;
? ? Watch your habits, for they become your character;
? ? Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny.
? ? 注意你的思想戚绕，因?yàn)樗麄冏兂赡闼f(shuō)的話；
? ? 注意你的言語(yǔ)枝冀，因?yàn)樗麄冏兂赡愕男袆?dòng)舞丛；
? ? 注意你的行動(dòng)耘子，因?yàn)樗麄冏兂赡愕牧?xí)慣；
? ? 注意你的習(xí)慣球切，因?yàn)樗麄冏兂赡愕膫€(gè)性谷誓；
? ? 注意你的個(gè)性，因?yàn)樗兂赡愕拿\(yùn)吨凑。
