《美國(guó)獨(dú)立宣言》（The Declaration of Independence）召庞，為北美洲十三個(gè)英屬殖民地宣告自大不列顛王國(guó)獨(dú)立，并宣明此舉正當(dāng)性之文告侧蘸。1776年7月4日裁眯，本宣言由第二次大陸會(huì)議(Second Continental Congress)于費(fèi)城批準(zhǔn)鹉梨，這一天后成為美國(guó)獨(dú)立紀(jì)念日讳癌。宣言之原件由大陸會(huì)議出席代表共同簽署，并永久展示于美國(guó)華盛頓特區(qū)之國(guó)家檔案與文件署當(dāng)中存皂。此獨(dú)立宣言為美國(guó)最重要的立國(guó)文書(shū)之一晌坤。《獨(dú)立宣言》由四部分組成：第一部分為前言旦袋，闡述了宣言的目的骤菠；第二部分闡述政治體制思想，即自然權(quán)利學(xué)說(shuō)和主權(quán)在民思想疤孕；第三部分歷數(shù)英國(guó)壓迫北美殖民地人民的條條罪狀商乎，說(shuō)明殖民地人民是在忍無(wú)可忍的情況下被迫拿起武器的，力爭(zhēng)獨(dú)立的合法性和正義性祭阀；第四部分鹉戚，也就是在宣言的最后一部分鲜戒，美利堅(jiān)莊嚴(yán)宣告獨(dú)立。
中英對(duì)照
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
獨(dú)立宣言
In Congress, July 4, 1776,
大陸會(huì)議(一七七六年七月四日)
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)十三個(gè)州一致通過(guò)的獨(dú)立宣言
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
在有關(guān)人類(lèi)事務(wù)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中抹凳，當(dāng)一個(gè)民族必須解除其和另一個(gè)民族之間的政治聯(lián)系遏餐，并在世界各國(guó)之間依照自然法則和自然之造物主的意旨，接受獨(dú)立和平等的地位時(shí)赢底，出于人類(lèi)輿論的尊重失都，必須把他們不得不獨(dú)立的原因予以宣布。
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.
我們認(rèn)為這些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等幸冻，造物者賦予他們?nèi)舾刹豢蓜儕Z的權(quán)利粹庞，其中包括生命權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福的權(quán)利嘁扼。
That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
為了保障這些權(quán)利信粮，人類(lèi)才在他們之間建立政府，而政府之正當(dāng)權(quán)力趁啸，是經(jīng)被治理者的同意而產(chǎn)生的强缘。
That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience has shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
當(dāng)任何形式的政府對(duì)這些目標(biāo)具破壞作用時(shí)，人民便有權(quán)力改變或廢除它不傅，以建立一個(gè)新的政府旅掂；其賴(lài)以奠基的原則，其組織權(quán)力的方式访娶，務(wù)使人民認(rèn)為唯有這樣才最可能獲得他們的安全和幸福商虐。為了慎重起見(jiàn)，成立多年的政府崖疤，是不應(yīng)當(dāng)由于輕微和短暫的原因而予以變更的秘车。過(guò)去的一切經(jīng)驗(yàn)也都說(shuō)明，任何苦難劫哼，只要是尚能忍受叮趴，人類(lèi)都寧愿容忍，而無(wú)意為了本身的權(quán)益便廢除他們久已習(xí)慣了的政府权烧。但是眯亦，當(dāng)追逐同一目標(biāo)的一連串濫用職權(quán)和強(qiáng)取豪奪發(fā)生，證明政府企圖把人民置于專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治之下時(shí)般码，那么人民就有權(quán)利妻率，也有義務(wù)推翻這個(gè)政府，并為他們未來(lái)的安全建立新的保障－－
Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
這就是這些殖民地過(guò)去逆來(lái)順受的情況板祝，也是它們不得不改變政府制度的原因宫静。大不列顛國(guó)在位國(guó)王的歷史，是接連不斷的傷天害理和強(qiáng)取豪奪的歷史，這些暴行的唯一目標(biāo)孤里，就是想在這些州建立專(zhuān)制的暴政温技。為了證明所言屬實(shí)，現(xiàn)把下列事實(shí)向公正的世界宣布－－
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
他拒絕批準(zhǔn)對(duì)公眾利益最有益扭粱、最必要的法律舵鳞。
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
他禁止他的總督們批準(zhǔn)迫切而極為必要的法律，要不就把這些法律擱置起來(lái)暫不生效琢蛤，等待他的同意蜓堕；而一旦這些法律被擱置起來(lái)，他對(duì)它們就完全置之不理博其。
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
他拒絕批準(zhǔn)便利廣大地區(qū)人民的其它法律套才，除非那些人民情愿放棄自己在立法機(jī)關(guān)中的代表權(quán)；但這種權(quán)利對(duì)他們有無(wú)法估量的價(jià)值慕淡，而且只有暴君才畏懼這種權(quán)利背伴。
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
他把各州立法團(tuán)體召集到異乎尋常的、極為不便的峰髓、遠(yuǎn)離它們檔案庫(kù)的地方去開(kāi)會(huì)傻寂，唯一的目的是使他們疲于奔命，不得不順從他的意旨携兵。
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
他一再解散各州的議會(huì)疾掰，因?yàn)樗鼈円詿o(wú)畏的堅(jiān)毅態(tài)度反對(duì)他侵犯人民的權(quán)利。
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
他在解散各州議會(huì)之后徐紧，又長(zhǎng)期拒絕另選新議會(huì)静檬；但立法權(quán)是無(wú)法取消的，因此這項(xiàng)權(quán)力仍由一般人民來(lái)行使并级。其實(shí)各州仍然處于危險(xiǎn)的境地拂檩，既有外來(lái)侵略之患，又有發(fā)生內(nèi)亂之憂(yōu)嘲碧。
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands .
他竭力抑制我們各州增加人口稻励；為此目的，他阻撓外國(guó)人入籍法的通過(guò)呀潭，拒絕批準(zhǔn)其它鼓勵(lì)外國(guó)人移居各州的法律钉迷，并提高分配新土地的條件至非。
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
他拒絕批準(zhǔn)建立司法權(quán)力的法律钠署，藉以阻撓司法工作的推行。
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
他把法官的任期荒椭、薪金數(shù)額和支付谐鼎，完全置于他個(gè)人意志的支配之下。
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.
他建立新官署趣惠，派遣大批官員狸棍，騷擾我們?nèi)嗣裆砗Γ⒑谋M人民必要的生活物質(zhì)。
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
他在和平時(shí)期草戈，未經(jīng)我們的立法機(jī)關(guān)同意塌鸯，就在我們中間維持常備軍。
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.
他力圖使軍隊(duì)獨(dú)立于民政之外唐片，并凌駕于民政之上丙猬。
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
他同某些人勾結(jié)起來(lái)把我們置于一種不適合我們的體制且不為我們的法律所承認(rèn)的管轄之下；他還批準(zhǔn)那些人炮制的各種偽法案來(lái)達(dá)到以下目的：
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
在我們中間駐扎大批武裝部隊(duì)费韭；
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
用假審訊來(lái)包庇他們茧球，使他們殺害我們各州居民而仍然逍遙法外；
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
切斷我們同世界各地的貿(mào)易星持；
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
未經(jīng)我們同意便向我們強(qiáng)行征稅抢埋；
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
在許多案件中剝奪我們享有陪審制的權(quán)益；
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
羅織罪名押送我們到海外去受審督暂；
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:
在一個(gè)鄰省廢除英國(guó)的自由法制揪垄，在那里建立專(zhuān)制政府，并擴(kuò)大該省的疆界逻翁，企圖把該省變成既是一個(gè)樣板又是一個(gè)得心應(yīng)手的工具福侈，以便進(jìn)而向這里的各殖民地推行同樣的極權(quán)統(tǒng)治
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our Governments:
取消我們的憲章，廢除我們最寶貴的法律卢未，并且根本上改變我們各州政府的形式肪凛；
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
中止我們自己的立法機(jī)關(guān)行使權(quán)力，宣稱(chēng)他們自己有權(quán)就一切事宜為我們制定法律辽社。
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
他宣布我們已不屬他保護(hù)之列伟墙，并對(duì)我們作戰(zhàn)，從而放棄了在這里的政務(wù)滴铅。
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the Lives of our people.
他在我們的海域大肆掠奪戳葵，蹂躪我們沿海地區(qū)，焚燒我們的城鎮(zhèn)汉匙，殘害我們?nèi)嗣竦纳?/p>
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
他此時(shí)正在運(yùn)送大批外國(guó)傭兵來(lái)完成屠殺拱烁、破壞和肆虐的老勾當(dāng)，這種勾當(dāng)早就開(kāi)始噩翠，其殘酷卑劣甚至在最野蠻的時(shí)代都難以找到先例戏自。他完全不配作為一個(gè)文明國(guó)家的元首。
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
他在公海上俘虜我們的同胞伤锚，強(qiáng)迫他們拿起武器來(lái)反對(duì)自己的國(guó)家擅笔，成為殘殺自己親人和朋友的劊子手，或是死于自己的親人和朋友的手下。
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
他在我們中間煽動(dòng)內(nèi)亂猛们，并且竭力挑唆那些殘酷無(wú)情念脯、沒(méi)有開(kāi)化的印第安人來(lái)殺掠我們邊疆的居民；而眾所周知弯淘，印第安人的作戰(zhàn)律令是不分男女老幼绿店，一律格殺勿論的。
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
在這些壓迫的每一階段中庐橙，我們都是用最謙卑的言辭請(qǐng)?jiān)父纳乒呗溃坏珜掖握?qǐng)求所得到的答復(fù)是屢次遭受損害。一個(gè)君主怕午，當(dāng)他的品格已打上了暴君行為的烙印時(shí)废登，是不配作自由人民的統(tǒng)治者的。
Nor have We been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpation, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
我們不是沒(méi)有顧念我們英國(guó)的弟兄郁惜。我們時(shí)常提醒他們堡距，他們的立法機(jī)關(guān)企圖把無(wú)理的管轄權(quán)橫加到我們的頭上。我們也曾把我們移民出這里和在這里定居的情形告訴他們兆蕉。我們?cè)?jīng)向他們天生的正義感和雅量呼吁羽戒，我們懇求他們念在同種同宗的份上，棄絕這些掠奪行為虎韵，以免影響彼此的關(guān)系和往來(lái)易稠。但是他們卻對(duì)于這種正義和血緣的呼聲一直充耳不聞。因此包蓝，我們實(shí)在不得不宣布和他們脫離驶社，并且以對(duì)待世界上其它民族一樣的態(tài)度對(duì)待他們：戰(zhàn)即為敵；和則為友测萎。
We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
因此亡电，我們，在大陸會(huì)議上集會(huì)的美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)代表硅瞧，以各殖民地善良人民的名義并經(jīng)他們授權(quán)份乒，向全世界最崇高的正義呼吁，說(shuō)明我們的嚴(yán)正意向腕唧，同時(shí)鄭重宣布或辖；這些聯(lián)合的殖民地是而且有權(quán)成為自由和獨(dú)立的國(guó)家，它們?nèi)∠磺袑?duì)英國(guó)王室效忠的義務(wù)枣接，它們和大不列顛國(guó)家之間的一切政治關(guān)系從此全部斷絕颂暇，而且必須斷絕；作為自由獨(dú)立的國(guó)家月腋，它們完全有權(quán)宣戰(zhàn)蟀架、締和、結(jié)盟榆骚、通商和獨(dú)立國(guó)家有權(quán)去做的一切行動(dòng)片拍。為了支持這篇宣言，我們堅(jiān)決信賴(lài)上帝的庇佑妓肢，以我們的生命捌省、我們的財(cái)產(chǎn)和我們神圣的名譽(yù)，彼此宣誓碉钠。
JOHN HANCOCK, President
約翰·漢考克纲缓，主席
Attested, CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary
鑒定無(wú)誤，查爾斯·湯森喊废，秘書(shū)
New Hampshire: JOSIAH BARTLETT, WILLIAM WHIPPLE, MATTHEW THORNTON
新罕布夏：約西亞·巴列特祝高、威廉·衛(wèi)普、馬修·松頓
Massachusetts-Bay: SAMUEL ADAMS, JOHN ADAMS, ROBERT TREAT PAINE, ELBRIDGE GERRY
馬薩諸塞：山繆·亞當(dāng)斯污筷、約翰·亞當(dāng)斯工闺、羅伯特·崔特·潘恩、艾爾布里吉·杰利
Rhode Island: STEPHEN HOPKINS, WILLIAM ELLERY
羅德島州：史帝芬·霍普金斯瓣蛀、威廉·艾勒里
Connecticut: ROGER SHERMAN, SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, OLIVER WOLCOTT
康涅狄格州：羅杰·謝爾曼陆蟆、山繆·杭丁頓、威廉·威廉斯惋增、奧利佛·渥寇特
Georgia: BUTTON GWINNETT, LYMAN HALL, GEO. WALTON
喬治亞：巴頓·格威內(nèi)特叠殷、李曼·候爾、喬治·華盛頓
Maryland: SAMUEL CHASE, WILLIAM PACA, THOMAS STONE, CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON
馬里蘭：山繆·卻斯诈皿、威廉·帕卡林束、托馬斯·史東、卡羅頓的查爾斯·卡羅
Virginia: GEORGE WYTHE, RICHARD HENRY LEE, THOMAS JEFFERSON, BENJAMIN HARRISON, THOMAS NELSON, JR., FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE, CARTER BRAXTON.
維吉尼亞：?jiǎn)讨巍牙栈鳌⒗聿椤ず嗬だ钫锵亍⑼旭R斯·杰斐遜、本杰明·哈里森措左、小托馬斯·尼爾森依痊、法蘭西斯·萊富特·李、卡特·布瑞斯頓
New York: WILLIAM FLOYD, PHILIP LIVINGSTON, FRANCIS LEWIS, LEWIS MORRIS
紐約：威廉·佛洛依德怎披、菲利普·李文斯頓胸嘁、法蘭西斯·路易斯、路易斯·莫里斯
Pennsylvania: ROBERT MORRIS, BENJAMIN RUSH, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, JOHN MORTON, GEORGE CLYMER, JAMES SMITH, GEORGE TAYLOR, JAMES WILSON, GEORGE ROSS
賓夕法尼亞：羅伯特·莫里斯凉逛、本杰明·拉許性宏、本杰明·富蘭克林、約翰·莫頓状飞、喬治·克萊謨毫胜、詹姆斯·史密斯书斜、喬治·泰勒、詹姆斯·威爾森酵使、喬治·羅斯
Delaware: CAESAR RODNEY, GEORGE READ, THOMAS M'KEAN
特拉華：?jiǎn)讨巍と鸬录黾P撒·羅德內(nèi)、托馬斯·麥肯
North Carolina: WILLIAM HOOPER, JOSEPH HEWES, JOHN PENN
北卡羅萊那：威廉·霍普口渔、約瑟夫·希維斯样屠、約翰·潘恩
South Carolina: EDWARD RUTLEDGE, THOMAS HEYWARD, JR., THOMAS LYNCH, JR., ARTHUR MIDDLETON
南卡羅萊那：愛(ài)德華·拉特利奇、托馬斯·黑華缺脉、小托馬斯·林區(qū)痪欲、亞瑟·米竇頓
New Jersey: RICHARD STOCKTON, JOHN WITHERSPOON, FRANCIS HOPKINS, JOHN HART, ABRAHAM CLARK
新澤西：理查·史塔克頓、約翰·維斯朋攻礼、法蘭西斯·霍普金斯业踢、約翰·哈特、亞伯拉罕·克拉克礁扮。
