定語(yǔ)怎披、同位語(yǔ)胸嘁、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)凉逛、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)性宏、謂語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)是句子敘述的主體，可由名詞状飞、代詞毫胜、數(shù)詞书斜、名詞化的形容詞、不定式酵使、動(dòng)名詞和主語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)承擔(dān)荐吉。

謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來(lái)承擔(dān)口渔。

賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者样屠，常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。賓語(yǔ)可由名詞缺脉、代詞痪欲、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞攻礼、不定式业踢、動(dòng)名詞、賓語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任礁扮。

主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)句子的兩大成分知举，除少數(shù)句子(如祈使句和感嘆句等)外，一句話必須同時(shí)具有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意思才能完整太伊。主語(yǔ)是針對(duì)謂語(yǔ)而言的雇锡，是一句話的主題，謂語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況倦畅，為主語(yǔ)提供信息遮糖。例如:They are working.主語(yǔ)是they(他們)，那么他們?cè)谧鍪裁茨?看來(lái)沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)are working 是不行的叠赐。在正常情況下欲账，英語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的位置與漢語(yǔ)一致，也就是說(shuō)主語(yǔ)在前芭概，謂語(yǔ)緊跟其后赛不。那么，哪些詞語(yǔ)可以做主語(yǔ)罢洲，謂語(yǔ)踢故，何時(shí)主謂倒置，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的一致情況如何惹苗，我將一一講述殿较。

一、哪些詞可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)

1桩蓉、名詞

例如: A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. The first truck is carrying a few baskets.

The temperature will stay above zero. ? ?

The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.

China does not want to copy the USA’s example.

2淋纲、代詞

例如: It’s a young forest.

I don’t know if it will grow.

That’s a bit expensive.

You’d better buy a new pair.

I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes.

3、數(shù)詞

例如:One and two is three.

One is not enough for me. I want one more.

One of them is English.

Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.

Two will be enough.

4院究、不定式 (常以 It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出現(xiàn))

例如: To give is better than to receive =Its better to give.

I found it difficult to get to sleep.

It’s glad to see you again.

It was difficult to see.

But it’s good to swim in summer.

5洽瞬、IT 作主語(yǔ)本涕，有如下情況:

1)指代剛剛提到的事物:What’s this ? It’s a bus. (指代what)

2)指代一個(gè)你不知道或判斷不清性別的人:Who’s knocking the door? It’s me. (指代 who)

Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister. (指代 who)

3) 表示時(shí)間，天氣伙窃，距離:

What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock. (時(shí)間)

What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.(天氣)

How far is it? It’s about one kilometre away. (距離)

6菩颖、 THERE 引起的There be 句型中，be 作謂語(yǔ)为障，主語(yǔ)位居其后晦闰。如:

There are many different kinds of mooncakes.

There will be a strong wind.

二、謂語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)有動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成鳍怨，依據(jù)其在句中繁簡(jiǎn)程度可把謂語(yǔ)分為簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)和復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)兩類(lèi)鹅髓。不論何種時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)京景，語(yǔ)氣，凡由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞(或動(dòng)詞詞組)構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)都是簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)骗奖。例如:

I like walking.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

I made your birthday cake last night. (一般過(guò)去時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)也可分為兩種情況:

第一種是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞确徙，助動(dòng)詞+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):

What does this word mean?

I won’t do it again.

I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.

You’d better catch a bus.

第二種是由連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。例如:

You look the same.

We are all here.

The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer.

Keep quite and listen to me.

He looked worried.

We have to be up early in the moming.

Is Bill in?

School Is over. Let’s go home.

My pen is in my bag.

I feel terrible.

I* fell tried all the time.

He seemed rather tired last night.

連系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)在意思上緊密聯(lián)系执桌，不宜分割;有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi)這方面知識(shí)在課本中已有介紹鄙皇，此處不多說(shuō)了。

三仰挣、主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的一致

英語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致性伴逸，是英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的區(qū)別之一。具體說(shuō)來(lái)有如下特征:

1膘壶、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)保持一致错蝴。如:

Now the teacher comes into the classroom.

本句屬一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)the teacher 為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)颓芭，因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞come 應(yīng)加s.

One morming she was working at her desk in the library wher a boy came in. 本句屬主從復(fù)合句顷锰，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句為一般過(guò)去時(shí);主句中主語(yǔ)she為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)亡问，所以謂語(yǔ)為 was working.

1) 主語(yǔ)含有 and 時(shí)官紫，如表示一個(gè)單一的概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)(特別是當(dāng)and 連接的是兩個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞時(shí))州藕，否則用復(fù)數(shù)束世。如:

One and three is four. And 前后均為數(shù)字，表示同一個(gè)概念床玻，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用is.

Tea and milk is my favourite drink. 本題中tea and milk 指一種飲料毁涉，故謂語(yǔ)用is。

Tom and Li Lei are my best friends. Tom 和 Li lei 是完全不同的兩個(gè)人笨枯，有不同的特征薪丁，因而謂語(yǔ)是are遇西。

2) 主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)形式严嗜。如:

To give is better than to receive.

It was difficult to see.

It’s best to wear cool clothes.

同樣粱檀，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也為單數(shù)漫玄。初中階段只學(xué)了一句:

It (playing) is much better than having classes.

3) 不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)茄蚯，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視為單數(shù)。如:

The best time to come to China is autumn.

The weather in England never gets too hot.

4) 在姓的復(fù)數(shù)前加the 表示一家人睦优，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)渗常。如:

What time do the Reads have breakfast? 主語(yǔ)是the Reads, 表示里得一家人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用do….have.

5) 表示時(shí)間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)汗盘，常作整體看待皱碘，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。如:

Two months is quite a long time.

6) “幾加幾等于幾”的算式中隐孽，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為單數(shù)癌椿。如:

Twenty and forty is sixty.

主 謂

7) 某些表示學(xué)科的名詞作主語(yǔ)，無(wú)論其結(jié)尾是什么菱阵，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都視為單數(shù)踢俄。如:

Maths is my favourite subject.

主 謂

8) each 以及由some,any,no,every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)晴及。如:

There’s something wrong with my ears!

謂 主

Everyone is going into class.

主 謂

9) what,who which 等詞做主語(yǔ)都办，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式視意思而定。如:

What is this?(this 為單數(shù)虑稼，用is)

What are these? (these 為復(fù)數(shù)琳钉，用are )

Which is your friend? 哪一個(gè)人是你的朋友?

Which are your friends? 哪些人是你的朋友?

10) None 作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)可以是單數(shù)蛛倦，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)槽卫，此項(xiàng)目并非初中階段重點(diǎn)，故此不談胰蝠。

11) People,Chinese, Japanese 作主語(yǔ)歼培，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如:

There are four people in my family.

謂 主

The chinese people are very friendly.

12) population 作主語(yǔ)茸塞，指“人口”時(shí)躲庄，謂語(yǔ)為單數(shù);其前有表示數(shù)量的修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù);課本第三冊(cè)只要求掌握作“人口”講時(shí)謂語(yǔ)的情況:

What’s the population of Germany?

謂 主

What was the population of the world in 1950?

謂 主

Half of the population of China are women.

修飾語(yǔ) 主 謂

2钾虐、由 either …or 或neither …nor 連接的兩個(gè)并列成分作主語(yǔ)噪窘，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:Either Lily or Lucy is going to come.(Lily和Lucy 誰(shuí)去都行效扫。后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)Lucy 為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)倔监，謂語(yǔ)用is going to come.)

Either I or he does well in English. 我和他的英語(yǔ)都不錯(cuò)直砂。

Neither I nor she likes swimming. 我和她都不喜歡游泳。

由these 和here 引出的含有不只一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的句子浩习，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由最靠近謂語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)形式?jīng)Q定静暂。如:

These is a pen, two rulers and three books on the desk.

Here are some cups,a glass and some pears on

句子的成分:

構(gòu)成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分為主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)谱秽。它們可以由單詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,也可以由詞組,以及句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任洽蛀。

主語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子中所要表達(dá),描述的人或物，是句子的主體疟赊。

I work here.

我在這兒工作郊供。

She is an ewteacher.

她是一個(gè)新教師。

He is in chargeofalimited company.

他主管一家有限公司近哟。

主語(yǔ)可以由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞,名詞化形容詞,分詞,從句,短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任驮审。

The book ison the desk. 書(shū)在桌子上。

I get an idea. 我有一個(gè)主意吉执。

Two and two are four. 二加二等于四头岔。

Smoking is bad to health. 吸煙對(duì)身體有害。

The wounded has been taken to the hospital. 傷員已經(jīng)送到醫(yī)院鼠证。

When to begin is not known yet. 什么時(shí)間開(kāi)始還不知道。

What I know is important. 我所知道的很重要靠抑。

謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做了什么動(dòng)作或處在什么狀態(tài)量九。謂語(yǔ)可以由動(dòng)詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,一般放在主語(yǔ)的后面。

The child has been brough tup by hismother. 這孩子是由他的媽媽帶大的颂碧。

We don't know him very well. 我們不太了解他荠列。

She speaks English fluently. 她英語(yǔ)講得很流利。

表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì),身份,特征和狀態(tài)载城。表語(yǔ)須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)肌似。表語(yǔ)一般放在系動(dòng)詞之后。表語(yǔ)可以由名詞,形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任诉瓦。

These desks are yellow. 這些桌子是黃色的川队。

I am all right. 我沒(méi)事。

We are happy now. 我們現(xiàn)在很幸福睬澡。

It's over. 時(shí)間到了固额。

She is ten. 她十歲了。

My work is teaching English, 我的工作是教英語(yǔ)煞聪。

The dictionary is in the bag. 詞典在書(shū)包里邊斗躏。

My question is how you knew him. 我的問(wèn)題是你如何認(rèn)識(shí)他的。

賓語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作所涉及的對(duì)象,它是動(dòng)作的承受者,賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任昔脯，賓語(yǔ)一般放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面啄糙。

I saw a cat in the tree. 我看見(jiàn)樹(shù)上有一只貓笛臣。

I want to go shopping. 我想去買(mǎi)東西。

He said he could be here. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)來(lái)的隧饼。

We think you are right. 我們認(rèn)你是對(duì)的沈堡。

有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)多指人,另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)指物,指人的賓語(yǔ)叫做間接賓語(yǔ),指物的賓語(yǔ)叫做直接賓語(yǔ),可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)的前面,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語(yǔ)可把直接賓語(yǔ)放在間接賓語(yǔ)的前面, 但間接賓語(yǔ)前須加"to"桑李。

My father bought me a book. 我父親給我買(mǎi)了一本書(shū)踱蛀。

Give the rubber to me. 把橡皮給我。

Please give the letter to XiaoLi. 請(qǐng)把這封信給小李贵白。

有些及物動(dòng)詞除跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外率拒，還需要加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),否則意思不完整,它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中賓語(yǔ)和后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這也是判斷是兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的依據(jù),賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞或起名詞作用的詞擔(dān)任禁荒。

We al lcall him LaoWang. 我們都叫他老王猬膨。

Please color it red. 請(qǐng)給它涂上紅顏色。

We found the little girl in the hill. 我們?cè)谏缴险业搅诵∨ⅰ?/p>

定語(yǔ)用于描述名詞,代詞,短語(yǔ)或從句的性質(zhì),特征范圍等情況的詞叫做定語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)可以由名詞,形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞,短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任呛伴。如果定語(yǔ)是單個(gè)詞,定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的前面,如果是詞組,定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面勃痴。

That is a beautiful flower. 那是一朵漂亮的花。

The TV set made in that factory is very good. 那個(gè)工廠生產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)很好热康。

This is my book,not your book. 這是我的書(shū),不是你的書(shū)沛申。

There are more than twentytrees in our school. 我們學(xué)校里有二十多棵樹(shù)。

I have a lot of things to do. 我有好多要做的事情姐军。

Our country is a developing country. 我們的國(guó)家是一個(gè)發(fā)展中的國(guó)家铁材。

狀語(yǔ):說(shuō)明事物發(fā)生的時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,目的,結(jié)果方式,條件或伴隨情況,程度等情況的詞叫狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)可以由副詞,短語(yǔ)以及從句來(lái)?yè)?dān)任奕锌。