今日導(dǎo)讀
從刷臉支付到無人超市狰贯,人工智能技術(shù)早已滲透在我們生活的方方面面,為購物者帶來了全新的體驗(yàn)待锈。但其實(shí)與消費(fèi)者息息相關(guān)的商品價(jià)格也離不開 AI 的幫忙宅荤。如今有不少技術(shù)公司用起了 AI 來幫助商家完成商品定價(jià),并幫助他們推薦利潤(rùn)最大化的方案诡渴。這些 AI 驅(qū)動(dòng)的定價(jià)系統(tǒng)究竟是如何決定商品的價(jià)格的捐晶?它們的商業(yè)價(jià)值體現(xiàn)在哪些方面?我們馬上和大仔老師一起走進(jìn)今天的新聞妄辩。文章來源:經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人https://www.economist.com/business/2022/03/26/how-companies-use-ai-to-set-prices
帶著問題聽講解
1.如何理解 gain an edge 這個(gè)短語惑灵?
? ? 名詞 edge 在這里表示“優(yōu)勢(shì),占上風(fēng)”眼耀,gain an edge 就表示“占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)”英支。
2.根據(jù)文章,“關(guān)鍵價(jià)值商品”是指哮伟?
? ? ? 根據(jù)文章最后一段干花,在貿(mào)易中價(jià)格敏感的暢銷品被稱為“關(guān)鍵價(jià)值商品”。
3.根據(jù)文章楞黄,最新一批由 AI 驅(qū)動(dòng)的定價(jià)系統(tǒng)有什么特點(diǎn)池凄?
? ? ? 根據(jù)文章第五段,舊的模型只能使用歷史銷售數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)單種商品的價(jià)格彈性進(jìn)行估算鬼廓,而最新一批由 AI 驅(qū)動(dòng)的系統(tǒng)能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)多種商品之間聯(lián)動(dòng)的模式和關(guān)系肿仑。
正文
How companies use AI to set prices
公司如何利用 AI 定價(jià)
Many American shopkeepers hew to manufacturers' recommended prices. A growing number, though, resort to more sophisticated pricing techniques.
許多美國(guó)的店主(在定價(jià)的時(shí)候)仍遵循著制造商建議零售價(jià)。不過碎税,越來越多的店主開始采用更為復(fù)雜精密的定價(jià)方式尤慰。
Retailers have historically used rules of thumb, such as adding a fixed margin on top of costs or matching(與…等同) what competitors charge.
零售商過去一直采取經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則,比如雷蹂,在成本的基礎(chǔ)上增加固定的利潤(rùn)率伟端,或者向競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的收費(fèi)看齊。
To gain an edge, shopkeepers have been turning to price-optimisation systems.
為了占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)萎河,店主們正在轉(zhuǎn)向“價(jià)格優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)”荔泳。
These predict how customers will respond to different pricing scenarios, and recommend those that maximise sales or profits. At their core are mathematical models that use oodles of transaction data to estimate price elasticities — how much demand increases as the price falls and vice versa — for thousands of products.*** Price-sensitive items can then be discounted and price-insensitive ones marked up.
【句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
「At their core are mathematical models that use oodles of transaction data to estimate price elasticities — how much demand increases as the price falls and vice versa — for thousands of products.」
主干:At their core are mathematical models
表語前置:At their core
定語從句:that use oodles of transaction data to estimate price elasticities — how much demand increases as the price falls and vice versa — for thousands of products.
插入語:how much demand increases as the price falls and vice versa】
這些系統(tǒng)能預(yù)測(cè)顧客對(duì)不同定價(jià)方案的反應(yīng)蕉饼,并且能推薦使銷量或者利潤(rùn)最大化的方案。價(jià)格優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)的核心是數(shù)學(xué)模型玛歌,這些模型會(huì)針對(duì)成千上萬種產(chǎn)品昧港,使用大量交易數(shù)據(jù)來估計(jì)“價(jià)格彈性”——當(dāng)價(jià)格下降時(shí),需求量會(huì)增加多少支子;反之亦然创肥。然后,對(duì)價(jià)格敏感商品可以打折值朋,對(duì)價(jià)格不敏感商品可以提價(jià)叹侄。
These systems are becoming cleverer thanks to advances in artificial intelligence (AI). Whereas(連詞,通常連接2個(gè)有對(duì)比關(guān)系的句子) older models used historical sales data to estimate price elasticities for individual items, the latest crop of AI-powered ones can spot patterns and relationships between multiple items.
由于人工智能(AI)的進(jìn)步昨登,這些系統(tǒng)正在變得越來越聰明趾代。舊的模型只能使用歷史銷售數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)單種商品的價(jià)格彈性進(jìn)行估算,而最新一批由 AI 驅(qū)動(dòng)的系統(tǒng)能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)多種商品之間聯(lián)動(dòng)的模式和關(guān)系丰辣。
Price-optimisation may make prices more volatile. "Retailers are pricing faster today than they ever have before," says Matt Pavich of Revionics, a pricing-software firm.
價(jià)格優(yōu)化可能會(huì)讓價(jià)格波動(dòng)更為頻繁撒强。“現(xiàn)如今笙什,零售商定價(jià)比以往任何時(shí)候都要快”飘哨,定價(jià)軟件公司 Revionics 的員工馬特·帕維奇說道。
What pricing systems do not do (典型 由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句——定價(jià)系統(tǒng)不會(huì)做的事情)is leading inexorably to higher prices. Sysco, a big food distributor which rolled out new pricing software last year, is a case in point.
但是定價(jià)系統(tǒng)所做的并不是讓價(jià)格總是往上走琐凭。去年推出新定價(jià)軟件的食物經(jīng)銷商 Sysco芽隆,就是一個(gè)例子。
The firm says the system allows it to lower prices on "key value items" — as price-sensitive bestsellers are known in the trade — and raise them on other products.*** It can thus increase profits by expanding sales while maintaining margins. That keeps investors content and shoppers sweet.
【句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
「The firm says the system allows it to lower prices on "key value items" — as price-sensitive bestsellers are known in the trade—and raise them on other products. 」
主句:The firm says
賓語從句主干:the system allows it to A and B
A: lower prices on "key value items"
B: raise them on other products
key value items 的狀語:as price-sensitive bestsellers are known in the trade】
這家公司說统屈,這個(gè)系統(tǒng)能讓他們降低“關(guān)鍵價(jià)值商品”的價(jià)格——在貿(mào)易中價(jià)格敏感的暢銷品被稱為“關(guān)鍵價(jià)值商品”——同時(shí)提高其他商品的價(jià)格胚吁。由此,這家公司可以在維持利潤(rùn)率不變的情況下擴(kuò)大銷量愁憔,從而增加盈利囤采。這樣既讓(公司)投資人滿意,又讓消費(fèi)者開心惩淳。
重點(diǎn)詞匯
hew to
(北美)堅(jiān)持、遵循
搭配短語:hew to a tradition(遵循傳統(tǒng))
相關(guān)詞匯:hew(v. (用斧頭)砍乓搬、劈)
例句:The statues were hewn out of solid rock.
resort to
求助于思犁,采取(某種方法)
近義詞:turn to
sophisticated
/s??f?st?ke?t?d/
adj. 精密的进肯,復(fù)雜的(因此能完成更復(fù)雜任務(wù))
英文釋義:intelligent or complex and therefore able to do complicated tasks
rules of thumb
經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則激蹲,拇指法則
經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則指的是“憑借經(jīng)驗(yàn)做事情”。
據(jù)說早期有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的木工工人江掩,會(huì)用拇指當(dāng)尺子学辱,來測(cè)量木材的尺寸乘瓤,后來“拇指法則”就用來代指“憑借經(jīng)驗(yàn)做事情”的“經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則”。經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則滲透在生活的方方面面策泣。比如衙傀,按照經(jīng)驗(yàn),趕飛機(jī)要提前兩個(gè)小時(shí)到機(jī)場(chǎng)萨咕。As a rule of thumb, you should get to the airport two hours early.统抬。
margin
/?mɑ?r.d??n/
n. 利潤(rùn);利潤(rùn)率危队;邊緣聪建,邊界;頁面的空白頁茫陆;余地
(a safety margin安全距離)
同義詞:profit margin(利率)
搭配短語:a gross margin of 45%(45%的毛利率)
on top of
在……的基礎(chǔ)上
例句:On top of all his financial problems, his wife left him.
搭配短語:on top of the world(幸福到極點(diǎn))
edge
/ed?/
n. 優(yōu)勢(shì)金麸,占上風(fēng);邊緣
近義詞:margin
搭配短語:gain an edge(占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì))
optimisation
/?ɑpt?m??ze??n/ /ɑ?p.t?.ma??ze?.??n/
n. 優(yōu)化簿盅、完善
相關(guān)詞匯:optimise(v. 使完善)
搭配短語:to optimise the economic structure
scenario
/s??ner.i.o?/
n. 可能出現(xiàn)的情況挥下,設(shè)想,方案
英文釋義:a situation that could possibly happen
相關(guān)詞匯:scene(n. 情景挪鹏、景象)
近義詞:plan
oodles of
大量见秽、很多
近義詞:a lot of
近義詞:oodles of money
transaction
/tr?n?z?k.??n/
n. 交易、買賣
詞根詞綴:trans-(轉(zhuǎn)移)
例句:The bank charges for certain transactions.
price elasticity
價(jià)格彈性
文化拓展:價(jià)格彈性是個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)概念讨盒,表示“需求與價(jià)格之間的關(guān)系”解取。比如:隨著價(jià)格上升,需求會(huì)降低多少返顺。
相關(guān)詞匯:elasticity(n. 彈性)
相關(guān)詞匯:elastic(adj. 有彈性的禀苦,有彈力的)
搭配短語:an elastic rope
vice versa(來自拉丁語)
反過來也一樣,反之亦然
例句:Should I come to your house or vice versa?
mark up
漲價(jià)遂鹊,加價(jià)
例句:The umbrellas will be marked up during the wet season.
相關(guān)詞匯:mark-up(n. 提價(jià)幅度)
例句:The retailer's mark-up is 50%.
advance
/?d?v?ns/
n. 進(jìn)步
詞性拓展:advance(v. 前進(jìn)振乏,尤其是軍隊(duì)前進(jìn);進(jìn)步)
例句:The troops advanced on the capital.
例句:Our knowledge is advancing all the time.
a crop of
一群
相關(guān)詞匯:crop(n. 一群秉扑;作物慧邮,莊稼)
搭配短語:next year's crop of undergraduates(明年的那批大學(xué)生)
AI-powered
/?e??a?? pa?.?d/
adj. 由 AI 驅(qū)動(dòng)的
相關(guān)詞匯:power(v. 為(裝置)提供動(dòng)力)
搭配短語:powered by X company
volatile
/?vɑ?.l?.t??l/ /?v?l?ta?l/
adj. 易變的,動(dòng)蕩不定的舟陆;(物質(zhì))易揮發(fā)的误澳;不穩(wěn)定的;性情多變的
搭配短語:volatile liquid
搭配短語:a volatile political situation
inexorably
/??n?ek.s?r.?.bli/
adv. 不可抗拒地
例句:Spending on health is growing inexorably.
相關(guān)詞匯:inexorable(adj. 不可阻止的)
英文釋義:impossible to stop or prevent
distributor
/d??str?b.j?.t??/
n. 分銷商秦躯,經(jīng)銷商
相關(guān)詞匯:distribute(v. 分發(fā)忆谓;分銷)
roll out
初次公開展出,(新產(chǎn)品)上市踱承;鋪開倡缠,展開
例句:The company will roll out its new product in May.
a case in point
一個(gè)相關(guān)的例子
英文釋義:a relevant example
近義詞:an example in point
content
/k?n?tent/
adj. 滿足的哨免,滿意的
詞性拓展:content(n. 內(nèi)容)
manufacturers' recommended prices
制造商建議零售價(jià),也叫“統(tǒng)一零售價(jià)”昙沦。一件商品由廠家制造出來之后琢唾,需要在各個(gè)渠道上分銷售賣。為了避免經(jīng)銷商層層加價(jià)桅滋,紡織品牌 HanesBrands 的創(chuàng)始人 Hanes 在上世紀(jì) 20 年代率先使用了“制造商建議零售價(jià)”慧耍,在商品出廠的時(shí)候,就制定好最終的售賣價(jià)格丐谋。
Price-sensitive 價(jià)格敏感的芍碧;
price-insensitive 價(jià)格不敏感的
價(jià)格敏感指的是“銷量受價(jià)格影響較大的產(chǎn)品”,相反的号俐,不敏感的意思就是“價(jià)格對(duì)銷量影響不大”的商品泌豆。舉個(gè)例子,超市的水果一打折吏饿,銷量就會(huì)蹭蹭往上踪危;而拖把打折,銷量就不會(huì)增加這么多猪落。所以贞远,在這個(gè)例子中,水果屬于 price-sensitive items笨忌,而拖把則是 price-insensitive蓝仲。