- By Zoe Z.
2 月的第一個(gè)周日紐約還下著雨,Lisa 和何老師先后到我的住處附近與我見面析恋,周到細(xì)致地與我詳談實(shí)習(xí)安排和需要注意的事項(xiàng)良哲。按照何老師設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)科與病理緊密結(jié)合的實(shí)習(xí)計(jì)劃,第一天便在長(zhǎng)島的內(nèi)鏡室及何老師辦公室實(shí)習(xí)助隧,收獲滿滿筑凫。
1. 在胃腸專科醫(yī)生和麻醉醫(yī)生指導(dǎo)下的內(nèi)鏡室實(shí)習(xí)
實(shí)習(xí)之前何老師為了幫助我更好的融入環(huán)境并村,特別向我介紹了診所醫(yī)生巍实,助手和其他醫(yī)護(hù)人員。
首先感受到的是醫(yī)生與其他醫(yī)務(wù)工作人員之間密切有序的合作和融洽的工作氛圍哩牍, 我有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)護(hù)人員與病人交流的包括 verbal and body language 的各種技巧 棚潦。在內(nèi)鏡室的半天時(shí)間,我接觸學(xué)習(xí)到了至少十個(gè)病人 EGD 和 colonoscopy 內(nèi)鏡下表現(xiàn)膝昆,最重要的是有機(jī)會(huì)將書本知識(shí)與臨床實(shí)踐相結(jié)合丸边,結(jié)合病人的病史查體來(lái)理解內(nèi)鏡的使用指征,深刻感到這與之前看書相比荚孵,事半功倍妹窖。實(shí)習(xí)中初步了解了美國(guó)尤其是白種人群中 GI outpatient clinic 常見的病種,接觸到的疾病表現(xiàn)包括 esophagitis, gastritis (including drug-induced), sliding hiatal hernia, gastric erosion, esophageal ring, colon polyps 等收叶。其中有一些在臨床中學(xué)到的刷新了我以前對(duì)某些疾病的理解骄呼,比如,‘sliding hiatal hernia 在臨床上發(fā)生率很高’滔驾,這次有機(jī)會(huì)觀摩其在內(nèi)鏡下的診斷谒麦,實(shí)習(xí)后再回頭去找臨床資料,則發(fā)現(xiàn)了其中短短一句話的深刻含義哆致,恍然大悟绕德!
見習(xí)的同時(shí)我還有機(jī)會(huì)參與到內(nèi)鏡室病人操作前后的臨床準(zhǔn)備中, 幫助摊阀、協(xié)助麻醉醫(yī)師的工作耻蛇,整個(gè)過程下來(lái)感覺無(wú)形中鍛煉了臨床技能踪蹬,可以找各種機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)口語(yǔ)。通過學(xué)習(xí)真實(shí)臨床情境下醫(yī)生與病人的互動(dòng)臣咖,感覺對(duì) CS 的學(xué)習(xí)和如何用 lay language 有效跃捣、簡(jiǎn)潔地與病人交流有很大啟發(fā)和幫助。值得一提的是夺蛇,這次遇到了一個(gè)吸煙病人內(nèi)鏡操作中需要緊急保護(hù)病人氣道的情況疚漆,我不僅親身幫助麻醉醫(yī)生的工作,還學(xué)到了如何在操作前評(píng)估病人的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)刁赦、操作中如何檢測(cè)和急救娶聘,以及如何在操作前后充分告知病人和對(duì)病人及家屬進(jìn)行一系列的 consultation。后面醫(yī)生的consultation live show 感覺可謂秒殺一切照本宣科的 CS 教程甚脉。
2. 在何老師的指導(dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)使用兩種軟件 sign out 病理報(bào)告
首先何老師一再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)丸升,所有病理操作都要嚴(yán)格符合 standard operating policy,病理文件保存期 2 年牺氨,切片保存長(zhǎng)達(dá) 10 至 20 年狡耻;在工作中一定要嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真對(duì)待各項(xiàng)程序,是對(duì)自己的專業(yè)素養(yǎng)和對(duì)病人的負(fù)責(zé)猴凹,也是對(duì)自我的保護(hù)夷狰。使用過的含有任何病人信息的資料一定要及時(shí)銷毀!
何老師指導(dǎo)我 sign out 十幾份不同病例的過程中精堕,講解了病理工作以及平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)要注意的精華要點(diǎn)孵淘,用實(shí)例說(shuō)明了medical knowledge 在病理工作中的重要性蒲障。我初步了解了GI pathology 的診斷語(yǔ)言規(guī)范歹篓,除此以外根據(jù)病人病史提供的重要信息,要注意著重描述有價(jià)值的表現(xiàn)揉阎,尤其是陰性表現(xiàn)庄撮。
輔導(dǎo)時(shí)涉及到的 pathology 專業(yè)知識(shí):
1)Brunner’s gland is shown as the pale stained areas of the submucosa. It is unique to the duodenum and clearly differentiating it from the other segments of the small intestine.
2)Brunner’s gland hyperplasia vs adenoma
It is clinically important to differentiate Brunner’s gland hyperplasia and Brunner’s gland adenoma. Brunner’s gland hyperplasia could be easily mistaken for neoplastic lesions. It is comprised of proliferating glands with maintenance of a lobular architecture and fibrous septa separating the hyperplastic lobules. It may sometimes manifest as solitary or multiple small nodules.
Brunner’s gland adenoma is a rareduodenal lesion comprising less than 5% of benign duodenal tumors. Most Brunner’s gland adenoma is small size masses and many patients are asymptomatic.Occasionally, they may be large in size with clinical manifestations of hemorrhage or obstruction. It is comprised of nodular hyperplastic Brunner's glands with an unusual admixture of normal tissues, including ducts, adipose tissue and lymphoid tissue.
3)Fundic gland polyp
It is common in older people and is a reasonable differential for a polypoid structure in the stomach.Pathologically, it looks like oxyntic mucosa but with cystically dilated glands.
4)Reactive gastropathy
Reactive gastropathy refers to the constellation of endoscopic and histologic findings caused by chemical injury to the gastric mucosa.?The histology is characterized by foveolar hyperplasia with edema, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and congestion of superficial capillaries in the lamina propria in the absence of significant inflammation.
References:
1. Sobotta/Hammersen Histology. Color altas of microscopic anatomy.Frithjof Hammersen, MD. Third edition, Urban & Schwarzenberg.
2.??https://www.humpath.com/spip.php?article19237
3.? The practice of surgical pathology, A beginner’s guide to the diagnosticprocess. Diana Weedman Molavi, MD, PhD. 2008 Springer.
4.? Sorleto M et al. Brunner’s gland adenoma-a rare cause ofgastrointestinal bleeding: case report and systematic review. Case. Rep.Gastroenterol., 2017, 11(1):1-8.
5.? http://www.histopathology-india.net/bgad.htm
6.? Lu L et al. Brunner’s gland adenoma of duonenum: report of two cases. Int.J. Clin. Exp. Pathol., 2015, 8(6): 7565-7569.
7.? Spiegel A et al. A report of gastric fundic gland polyps, 2010, 6(1):45-48.
8.? Burt RW et al. Gastric fundic gland polyps. Gastroenterology, 2003, 125:1462-1469.
2/9/2018 于美國(guó)紐約
E-mail: us.fellowshiptraining@aol.com
美中醫(yī)學(xué)教育網(wǎng)/網(wǎng)絡(luò)老刀會(huì)(http://physicians.cmgforum.net; http://dok.cmgforum.net)
美國(guó)病理會(huì)診中心(http://ampathology.com)