class People(object):
    """注解：人類"""

    # 初始化函數(shù)
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    # 析構(gòu)函數(shù)贩绕，一般解釋器會(huì)自動(dòng)分配和釋放內(nèi)存训措，
    # 所以狈蚤，析構(gòu)函數(shù)的調(diào)用是由解釋器在進(jìn)行垃圾回收時(shí)自動(dòng)觸發(fā)執(zhí)行的。
    def __del__(self):
        pass

    # print輸出對(duì)象調(diào)用 print(people)
    def __str__(self):
        return "str函數(shù)被調(diào)用"

    # 直接使用對(duì)象時(shí)調(diào)用 people
    def __repr__(self):
        return "repr函數(shù)被調(diào)用"

    # 對(duì)象當(dāng)做方法時(shí)調(diào)用独泞，例people()
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print("call函數(shù)被調(diào)用")

    # 用于索引操作，可如字典般使用
    # 獲取對(duì)象屬性，people['name']
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return getattr(self, item)

    # 設(shè)置對(duì)象屬性，people['name'] = 'Jack'
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        setattr(self, key, value)

    # 刪除對(duì)象屬性钳枕，del people['name']
    def __delitem__(self, key):
        delattr(self, key)

    # 正常情況下，當(dāng)我們調(diào)用類的方法或?qū)傩詴r(shí)逻淌，如果不存在么伯，就會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)
    # 當(dāng)對(duì)未定義的屬性名稱和實(shí)例進(jìn)行點(diǎn)號(hào)運(yùn)算時(shí)，就會(huì)用屬性名作為字符串調(diào)用這個(gè)方法
    def __getattr__(self, item):
        if item == 'age':
            return 18

    # 會(huì)攔截所有屬性的的賦值語句卡儒。如果定義了這個(gè)方法田柔，self.arrt = value 就會(huì)變成self,__setattr__("attr", value)
    # 當(dāng)在__setattr__方法內(nèi)對(duì)屬性進(jìn)行賦值是，不可使用self.attr = value,因?yàn)樗麜?huì)再次調(diào)用self,__setattr__("attr", value),則會(huì)形成無窮遞歸循環(huán)骨望，最后導(dǎo)致堆棧溢出異常
    # 應(yīng)該通過對(duì)屬性字典做索引運(yùn)算來賦值任何實(shí)例屬性硬爆，也就是使用self.__dict__['name'] = value
    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        super().__setattr__(key, value)

    def __delattr__(self, key):
        super().__delattr__(key)


people = People('Jack')

print(people.__doc__)  # 注解：人類
print(People.__doc__)   # 注解：人類

print(people.__module__)    # __main__
print(People.__module__)    # __main__

print(people.__class__)  # <class '__main__.People'>
print(People.__class__)  # <class 'type'>

print(people.__dict__)  # {}
# {'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': '注解：人類',
# '__init__': <function People.__init__ at 0x00000000037957B8>,
# '__del__': <function People.__del__ at 0x000000000D8A2A60>,
# '__str__': <function People.__str__ at 0x000000000D8A2AE8>,
# '__repr__': <function People.__repr__ at 0x000000000D8A2B70>,
# '__call__': <function People.__call__ at 0x000000000D8A2BF8>,
# '__getitem__': <function People.__getitem__ at 0x000000000D8A2C80>,
# '__setitem__': <function People.__setitem__ at 0x000000000D8A2D08>,
# '__delitem__': <function People.__delitem__ at 0x000000000D8A2D90>,
# '__getattr__': <function People.__getattr__ at 0x000000000D8A2E18>,
# '__setattr__': <function People.__setattr__ at 0x000000000D8A2EA0>,
# '__delattr__': <function People.__delattr__ at 0x000000000D8A2F28>,
# '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'People' objects>,
# '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'People' objects>}
print(People.__dict__)

print(People)  # <class '__main__.People'>
print(people)  # str函數(shù)被調(diào)用
people  # 啥也輸出，不知道為啥
people()  # call函數(shù)被調(diào)用

print(people['name'])  # Jack
people['name'] = 'Tom'
print(people['name'])   # Tom
del people['name']
print(people['name'])   # None

print(people.age)   # 18