Word & Expression
1.in a nutshell?? 簡而言之
原文：This is naive practice in a nutshell.
E-E:to state the main facts about sth in a short clear way.
2.well-defined 表述清楚的
原文：If you’re a weekend golfer and you want to decrease your handicap by five strokes, that’s fine for an overall purpose, but it is not a well-defined, specific goal that can be used effectively for your practice.
E-E:clearly stated or described;easy to see or understand
3.holler (因?yàn)榕d奮轿亮，生氣）大聲吼叫
原文：Now, not everyone will focus by hollering and pounding on a table, but Steve’s performance illustrates a key insight from the study of effective practice.
E-E:to shout very loudly,especially because you are angry,excited (AmE)
4.desultory a.漫無目的的，無條理的
原文：Instead, the student’s words seem to imply a rather desultory attempt at practice, with no effort to do more than what was already easy for him.
E-E:done without any particular plan or purpose
5.pep talk (非正式）打雞血的話
原文：Before I read the thirty-nine-digit string, he gave himself an excited pep talk, seemingly conscious of nothing but the approaching task: “We have a big day here! . ..
E-E:a short speech intended to encourage sb to work harder, win a game etc
中文感悟
1.purposeful practice & naive practive
Purposeful practice has several characteristics that set it apart from what we might call “naive practice,” which is essentially just doing something repeatedly, and expecting that the repetition alone will improve one’s performance.
刻意訓(xùn)練（有目的的訓(xùn)練）有以下四個(gè)特征按咒，下面會(huì)一一解釋：well-defined但骨，specific goals；focused奔缠；feedbacks；get out of one‘s comfort zone两波。而所謂“不帶目的”的學(xué)習(xí)只是在做機(jī)械重復(fù)，一旦成為肌肉記憶腰奋，大腦的思考便開始停止抱怔，也就進(jìn)入我們所謂的瓶頸期。在之前讀過的一本書Mindfulness屈留，文章里分析大多數(shù)人缺乏洞察力主要是因?yàn)椤傲?xí)慣”测蘑，習(xí)慣成自然锐想，當(dāng)認(rèn)為一切就是如此時(shí)，其實(shí)就是創(chuàng)造力受限的表現(xiàn)赠摇！擺脫mindless，從審視自己的行為開始烫罩！我為什么練習(xí)洽故？我應(yīng)該從哪里突破贝攒？換種方式會(huì)得到什么反饋时甚？這種方式做的很順手了，是不是還有其他方式梨熙？
2.well-defined and specific goal
Our hypothetical music student would have been much more successful with a practice goal something like this: “Play the piece all the way through at the proper speed without a mistake three times in a row.”Without such a goal, there was no way to judge whether the practice session had been a success.
做事須有目的刀诬，否則方向在哪？就像加入讀書會(huì)陕壹，也是帶有目的而來，想學(xué)好英文糠馆，想通過英語的視角發(fā)現(xiàn)世界！而達(dá)到這個(gè)目的需要的是無時(shí)無刻的練習(xí)奋早。
