1.ssh-keygen非交互式創(chuàng)建秘鑰對(duì):
具體命令:ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ?-P '' -q
參數(shù)講解:
ssh-keygen:密鑰對(duì)創(chuàng)建工具
[-P old_passphrase] ?密碼
[-f output_keyfile] ?輸出的秘鑰文件
? ? [-q] ? ? ? 不輸出信息 ? ? ?
[-t dsa ] ?指定秘鑰類型夺饲。
2.ssh-copy-id不需要提示yes/no分發(fā)秘鑰
具體命令:ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no 172.16.1.8
參數(shù)講解:
ssh-copy-id ?-f ? -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root172.16.1.8
ssh-copy-id [-f] [-i [identity_file]] [-p port] [[-o <ssh -o options>] ...] [user@]hostname
說(shuō)明:
-f: force mode 強(qiáng)制
[-i [identity_file]] 指定秘鑰文件
[[-o <ssh -o options>] ...] 指定ssh參數(shù)選項(xiàng)镰烧。
3.sshpass工具:指定密碼非人工交互分發(fā)秘鑰
sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.7
[root@web02 ~]# sshpass -help
Usage: sshpass [-f|-d|-p|-e] [-hV] command parameters
sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.7
sshpass [-f|-d|-p|-e] [-hV] command parameters
參數(shù)講解:
-p password ? Provide password as argument (security unwise) ? ?#指定用戶密碼操作
4.一鍵配置實(shí)踐
把web02作為分發(fā)服務(wù)器:
web02(8)-->m01(61)
web02(8)-->web01(7)
ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ?-P '' -q
ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.7
sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.7
#!/bin/bash
#yum install sshpass -y
ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ?-P '' -q
for ip in 7 61
do
? sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.$ip
done
#test
ssh 172.16.1.7 "ifconfig eth0"
ssh 172.16.1.61 "ifconfig eth0"
老男孩Linux58期-ansible自動(dòng)化管理實(shí)踐
0.運(yùn)維發(fā)展歷史
開(kāi)發(fā)給運(yùn)維打工:
人肉運(yùn)維(1萬(wàn)-2萬(wàn))---自動(dòng)化(使用自動(dòng)5000工資)--->平臺(tái)化(5000元工資)---
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開(kāi)發(fā)自動(dòng)化(2-3萬(wàn)) ? ? ? ? ?開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)的(2-4萬(wàn))(Python/Shell)
--->可視化運(yùn)維(簡(jiǎn)單化拴驮、表現(xiàn)價(jià)值)----->智能化(人也不要了)(aiops)
開(kāi)發(fā)可視化(2-5萬(wàn))(Python/Shell) ? ?開(kāi)發(fā)智能化的產(chǎn)品(機(jī)器人)(大數(shù)據(jù)+人工智能) 機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)、深度學(xué)習(xí)惫确。
834萬(wàn),本科400萬(wàn)
1.ansible介紹
ssh秘鑰認(rèn)證+腳本批量管理,特點(diǎn):簡(jiǎn)單改化、實(shí)用掩蛤,
但是看起來(lái)比較LOW,需要人工寫(xiě)腳本陈肛,類似實(shí)時(shí)復(fù)制的inotify工具揍鸟。
2013以前這種方式很普遍。
MySQL高可用 MHA集群句旱,要求所有機(jī)器互相秘鑰認(rèn)證阳藻。
大數(shù)據(jù)集群也需要。
2.批量管理工具歷史
SSH+腳本 CFEngine谈撒、Puppet腥泥、saltstack ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 、ansible
08年以前 07-08年 ? 10-13年 ?14-17(python開(kāi)發(fā)) ? ? ?16-(python開(kāi)發(fā))
? ? ? ? ?sina網(wǎng)
3.為什么用ansible港华?
簡(jiǎn)單道川、方便、容易學(xué)習(xí)立宜、功能同樣強(qiáng)大冒萄。
ansible有配置文件,可以多線程直接實(shí)現(xiàn)橙数。不需要寫(xiě)腳本尊流,類似實(shí)時(shí)復(fù)制的sersync。
4.什么是ansible灯帮?
Ansible是一個(gè)用來(lái)遠(yuǎn)程管理服務(wù)器的工具軟件崖技。
Ansible是一個(gè)用來(lái)批量部署遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)上服務(wù)的工具。這里“遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)(Remote Host)”是指任
何可以通過(guò)SSH登錄的主機(jī)钟哥,所以它既可以是遠(yuǎn)程虛擬機(jī)或物理機(jī)迎献,也可以是本地主機(jī)。
Ansible通過(guò)SSH協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn)管理節(jié)點(diǎn)與遠(yuǎn)程節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的通信腻贰。理論上來(lái)說(shuō)吁恍,只要能通過(guò)SSH登錄到
遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)來(lái)完成的操作,都可以通過(guò)Ansible實(shí)現(xiàn)批量自動(dòng)化操作播演。
涉及管理操作:復(fù)制文件冀瓦、安裝服務(wù)、服務(wù)啟動(dòng)停止管理写烤、配置管理等等翼闽。
5.為什么要用批量管理工具運(yùn)維?
提高效率洲炊,百度幾萬(wàn)臺(tái)服務(wù)器感局,阿里幾十萬(wàn)臺(tái)服務(wù)器尼啡。
如何省錢(qián)?
SSD+SATA 熱點(diǎn)存儲(chǔ) 15 15 7
6.Ansible特點(diǎn)
Ansible基于Python語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)蓝厌,由Paramiko和PyYAML兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵模塊構(gòu)建玄叠。
Shell、Python是Linux運(yùn)維學(xué)員必會(huì)的兩門(mén)語(yǔ)言拓提。
1)安裝部署過(guò)程特別簡(jiǎn)單读恃,學(xué)習(xí)曲線很平坦。
2)不需要單獨(dú)安裝客戶端代态,只是利用現(xiàn)有的SSHD服務(wù)(協(xié)議)即可寺惫。
3)不需要服務(wù)端(no servers)。
4)ansible playbook蹦疑,采用yaml配置西雀,提前編排自動(dòng)化任務(wù)。
5)ansible功能模塊較多歉摧,對(duì)于自動(dòng)化的場(chǎng)景支持豐富艇肴。
官方:http://docs.ansible.com
7.Ansible架構(gòu)介紹(見(jiàn)圖說(shuō)明)
1、連接插件connectior plugins用于連接主機(jī) 用來(lái)連接被管理端
2叁温、核心模塊 core modules 連接主機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)操作再悼, 它依賴于具體的模塊來(lái)做具體的事情
3、自定義模塊 custom modules膝但,根據(jù)自己的需求編寫(xiě)具體的模塊
4冲九、插件 plugins,完成模塊功能的補(bǔ)充
5跟束、劇本 playbooks莺奸,ansible的配置文件,將多個(gè)任務(wù)定義在劇本中,由ansible自動(dòng)執(zhí)行
6冀宴、主機(jī)清單 inventor灭贷,定義ansible需要操作主機(jī)的范圍
最重要的一點(diǎn)是 ansible是模塊化的 它所有的操作都依賴于模塊
(懂Python可以二次開(kāi)發(fā))
8.ansible實(shí)踐環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
61(m01)====>31(nfs01)
61(m01) ====>41(backup)
9.安裝ansible
m01管理機(jī):
yum install epel-release -y
yum install ansible -y
#如果有l(wèi)ibselinux-python就不執(zhí)行下面的命令了。
#rpm -qa |grep libselinux-python
#yum install libselinux-python -y
其他所有機(jī)器:
#rpm -qa |grep libselinux-python
#yum install libselinux-python -y
10.主機(jī)列表配置
ssh列表實(shí)現(xiàn)方法:
for n ?in 7 8
do?
?echo 172.16.1.$n
done
/etc/ansible/hosts主機(jī)資產(chǎn)清單文件略贮,用于定義被管理主機(jī)的認(rèn)證信息氧腰,?
例如ssh登錄用戶名、密碼以及key相關(guān)信息刨肃。如何配置Inventory文件
1.主機(jī)支持主機(jī)名通配以及正則表達(dá)式,例如web[1:3].oldboy.com代表三臺(tái)主機(jī)
2.主機(jī)支持基于非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的ssh端口箩帚,例如web1.oldboyedu.com:6666
3.主機(jī)支持指定變量真友,可對(duì)個(gè)別主機(jī)的特殊配置,如登陸用戶\密碼
4.主機(jī)組支持指定變量[group_name:vars]紧帕,同時(shí)支持嵌套組[game:children]
實(shí)踐:
cp /etc/ansible/hosts{,.ori}
cat >/etc/ansible/hosts<<EOF
[oldboy]
172.16.1.31
172.16.1.41
[oldgirl]
172.16.1.31
172.16.1.41
172.16.1.51
EOF
cat /etc/ansible/hosts
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg #ansible的配置文件
11.小試牛刀
直接執(zhí)行如下命令或報(bào)錯(cuò)
ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"
基于SSH秘鑰認(rèn)證的前提下:
如果沒(méi)有做SSH秘鑰認(rèn)證盔然,可以把用戶名密碼寫(xiě)到
/etc/ansible/hosts
[oldboy_pass]
172.16.1.7 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
172.16.1.8 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m" 要想成功桅打,先解決yes/no的問(wèn)題。
1愈案、ssh連接一遍挺尾。
2、ssh -o 參數(shù)
上述命令就是sshpass的封裝
==========================================
ansible關(guān)閉ssh首次連接時(shí)yes/no提示
使用ssh連接時(shí)站绪,可以使用-o參數(shù)將StrictHostKeyChecking設(shè)置為no遭铺,
避免使用ssh連接時(shí)避免首次連接時(shí)讓輸入yes/no部分的提示。
方法1:修改 /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg中的374行
369 [ssh_connection]
370?
371 # ssh arguments to use
372 # Leaving off ControlPersist will result in poor performance, so use
373 # paramiko on older platforms rather than removing it, -C controls compression use
374 #ssh_args = -C -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s
374行改為:
ssh_args = -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
方法2:修改 /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg中的71行
?70 # uncomment this to disable SSH key host checking
?71 #host_key_checking = False
71行的注釋取消:host_key_checking = False
==========================================
[root@m01 /server/scripts]# > ~/.ssh/known_hosts?
[root@m01 /server/scripts]# ssh 172.16.1.31
The authenticity of host '172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:qZSBkrmOv7xO/63qOU1uLXkPyNVHdkqvrNAcAmXqNEk.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:23:d0:cb:a9:f4:7c:0b:eb:2d:07:00:e1:a3:12:d8:33.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? ^C
[root@m01 /server/scripts]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
? ? ? ? ? ? ? total ? ? ? ?used ? ? ? ?free ? ? ?shared ?buff/cache ? available
Mem: ? ? ? ? ? ?972 ? ? ? ? ?88 ? ? ? ? 592 ? ? ? ? ?13 ? ? ? ? 291 ? ? ? ? 708
Swap: ? ? ? ? ? 767 ? ? ? ? ? 0 ? ? ? ? 767
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
? ? ? ? ? ? ? total ? ? ? ?used ? ? ? ?free ? ? ?shared ?buff/cache ? available
Mem: ? ? ? ? ? ?972 ? ? ? ? ?89 ? ? ? ? 572 ? ? ? ? ?13 ? ? ? ? 310 ? ? ? ? 706
Swap: ? ? ? ? ? 767 ? ? ? ? ? 0 ? ? ? ? 767
目標(biāo):ansible是不是需要免秘鑰認(rèn)證(ssh免秘鑰認(rèn)證)恢准? yes
[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[oldboy]
172.16.1.31
172.16.1.7
還原ansible.cfg配置魂挂,重啟服務(wù)器
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"
The authenticity of host '172.16.1.7 (172.16.1.7)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:qZSBkrmOv7xO/63qOU1uLXkPyNVHdkqvrNAcAmXqNEk.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:23:d0:cb:a9:f4:7c:0b:eb:2d:07:00:e1:a3:12:d8:33.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? The authenticity of host '172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:qZSBkrmOv7xO/63qOU1uLXkPyNVHdkqvrNAcAmXqNEk.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:23:d0:cb:a9:f4:7c:0b:eb:2d:07:00:e1:a3:12:d8:33.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)??
解決yes/no不需要輸入問(wèn)題:
修改ansible.cfg 374行:
ssh_args = -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
在執(zhí)行報(bào)錯(cuò):
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"
172.16.1.7 | UNREACHABLE! => {
? ? "changed": false,?
? ? "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Warning: Permanently added '172.16.1.7' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.\r\nPermission denied (publickey,password).",?
? ? "unreachable": true
}
172.16.1.31 | UNREACHABLE! => {
? ? "changed": false,?
? ? "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Warning: Permanently added '172.16.1.31' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.\r\nPermission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).",?
? ? "unreachable": true
}
解決公鑰問(wèn)題:
ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ?-P '' -q
for ip in 7
do
? sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.$ip
done
#test
ssh 172.16.1.7 "ifconfig eth0"
執(zhí)行ansible命令:
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"
172.16.1.31 | UNREACHABLE! => {
? ? "changed": false,?
? ? "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).",?
? ? "unreachable": true
}
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
? ? ? ? ? ? ? total ? ? ? ?used ? ? ? ?free ? ? ?shared ?buff/cache ? available
Mem: ? ? ? ? ? ?972 ? ? ? ? ?69 ? ? ? ? 807 ? ? ? ? ? 7 ? ? ? ? ?95 ? ? ? ? 771
Swap: ? ? ? ? ? 767 ? ? ? ? ? 0 ? ? ? ? 767
for ip in 31
do
? sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.$ip
done
#test
ssh 172.16.1.31 "ifconfig eth0"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
? ? ? ? ? ? ? total ? ? ? ?used ? ? ? ?free ? ? ?shared ?buff/cache ? available
Mem: ? ? ? ? ? ?972 ? ? ? ? ?69 ? ? ? ? 807 ? ? ? ? ? 7 ? ? ? ? ?95 ? ? ? ? 771
Swap: ? ? ? ? ? 767 ? ? ? ? ? 0 ? ? ? ? 767
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
? ? ? ? ? ? ? total ? ? ? ?used ? ? ? ?free ? ? ?shared ?buff/cache ? available
Mem: ? ? ? ? ? ?972 ? ? ? ? ?71 ? ? ? ? 804 ? ? ? ? ? 7 ? ? ? ? ?96 ? ? ? ? 768
Swap: ? ? ? ? ? 767 ? ? ? ? ? 0 ? ? ? ? 767
驗(yàn)證:刪除公鑰,是不是不可以了馁筐?
重啟后涂召,不行,重啟前可以
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"
172.16.1.7 | UNREACHABLE! => {
? ? "changed": false,?
? ? "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Warning: Permanently added '172.16.1.7' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.\r\nPermission denied (publickey,password).",?
? ? "unreachable": true
}
172.16.1.31 | UNREACHABLE! => {
? ? "changed": false,?
? ? "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Could not create directory '/root/.ssh'.\r\nWarning: Permanently added '172.16.1.31' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.\r\nPermission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).",?
? ? "unreachable": true
}
修改Host增加用戶和密碼:
[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
#[oldboy]
#172.16.1.31
#172.16.1.7
[oldboy_pass]
172.16.1.31 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
172.16.1.7 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
結(jié)果:
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy_pass -m command -a "free -m"
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
? ? ? ? ? ? ? total ? ? ? ?used ? ? ? ?free ? ? ?shared ?buff/cache ? available
Mem: ? ? ? ? ? ?972 ? ? ? ? ?79 ? ? ? ? 791 ? ? ? ? ? 7 ? ? ? ? 101 ? ? ? ? 758
Swap: ? ? ? ? ? 767 ? ? ? ? ? 0 ? ? ? ? 767
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
? ? ? ? ? ? ? total ? ? ? ?used ? ? ? ?free ? ? ?shared ?buff/cache ? available
Mem: ? ? ? ? ? ?972 ? ? ? ? ?69 ? ? ? ? 806 ? ? ? ? ? 7 ? ? ? ? ?95 ? ? ? ? 771
Swap: ? ? ? ? ? 767 ? ? ? ? ? 0 ? ? ? ? 767
結(jié)論:使用SSH連接:
密碼認(rèn)證 host里主機(jī)后面加密碼 ? ? ? ? Paramiko模塊 重點(diǎn):
秘鑰認(rèn)證:提前發(fā)公鑰敏沉,才能用ansible. ?SSHPASS工具
http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/intro_inventory.html#list-of-behavioral-inventory-parameters
特殊端口:
[oldboy]
172.16.1.7 ?ansible_port=52113 ?ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
172.16.1.8 ?ansible_port=52113 ?ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
12.基于SSH秘鑰認(rèn)證的實(shí)踐
一鍵創(chuàng)建及分發(fā)秘鑰:
#!/bin/bash
ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ?-P '' -q
for ip in 7 8 41 31
do
? sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.$ip
done
[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[oldboy]
172.16.1.31
172.16.1.41
172.16.1.7
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m" #和前面sh cmd.sh "free -m"
11.ansible命令參數(shù)
-m MODULE_NAME, 模塊名字果正,默認(rèn)command
-a MODULE_ARGS, 模塊參數(shù)
-f FORKS ?并發(fā)進(jìn)程數(shù),默認(rèn)5個(gè)盟迟。
-i INVENTORY(default=/etc/ansible/hosts)指定主機(jī)列表文件
===================
ansible
ansible-doc
ansible-playbook
ansible-galaxy
===================
12.ansible模塊查看和幫助*****
查找模塊
ansible-doc -l ? ? ? ? ?#模塊就Linux命令了秋泳。
查看某個(gè)模塊的具體參數(shù)幫助
ansible-doc -s command ?#Linux命令參數(shù)
[root@m01 /data]# ansible 172.16.1.31 -m copy -a "src=/data/root dest=/var/spool/cron/root"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
? ? "changed": false,?
? ? "checksum": "05bdd2e97b52cbd90bd71b6c3ee78118ebbbcad5",?
? ? "dest": "/var/spool/cron/root",?
? ? "gid": 0,?
? ? "group": "root",?
? ? "mode": "0600",?
? ? "owner": "root",?
? ? "path": "/var/spool/cron/root",?
? ? "size": 166,?
? ? "state": "file",?
? ? "uid": 0
}
12.1 command模塊 *****
1)功能說(shuō)明:
command ?Executes a command on a remote node?
功能說(shuō)明:執(zhí)行一個(gè)命令在遠(yuǎn)程節(jié)點(diǎn)上
操作實(shí)踐:
ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "df -h"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "ls /root"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat redhat-release"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat /etc/redhat-release"
最通用的功能。
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat /etc/redhat-release"
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)?
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)?
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)?
[root@m01 ~]# cat /server/scripts/cmd.sh?
for n in 31 41
do
? ?echo "=====172.16.1.$n======"
? ?ssh 172.16.1.$n "$1"
done
[root@m01 ~]# sh /server/scripts/cmd.sh "cat /etc/redhat-release"
=====172.16.1.31======
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)?
=====172.16.1.41======
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)?
特殊:不支持的東西队萤,例如 > < | &等 $HOME轮锥,替代方案用shell模塊
ansible oldboy -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep ssh"
ansible oldboy -m shell -a "echo oldboy >/tmp/a.log"
2)常用參數(shù)說(shuō)明及實(shí)踐
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -s command
- name: Executes a command on a remote node
? command:
? ? ? argv: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?# Allows the user to provide the command as a list vs. a string. ?Only the
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?string or the list form can be provided, not
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?both. ?One or the other must be provided.
? ? ? chdir: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? # Change into this directory before running the command.
? ? ? creates: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? # A filename or (since 2.0) glob pattern. If it already exists, this step
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?*won't* be run.
? ? ? free_form: ? ? ? ? ? ? # (required) The command module takes a free form command to run. ?There is no
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?parameter actually named 'free form'. See the
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?examples!
? ? ? removes: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? # A filename or (since 2.0) glob pattern. If it already exists, this step *will* ?be run.
? ? ? stdin: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? # Set the stdin of the command directly to the specified value.
? ? ? warn: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?# If command_warnings are on in ansible.cfg, do not warn about this particular
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?line if set to `no'.
參數(shù):chdir=/tmp配置相當(dāng)于cd /tmp
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy ?-m command -a "pwd chdir=/etc"
ansible oldboy ?-m shell -a "cd /etc/;pwd"
參數(shù):creates=/etc ?相當(dāng)于條件測(cè)試 ?[ -e /etc ]||pwd 和下面removes相反
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy ?-m command -a "pwd creates=/etc"
參數(shù):removes=/root 相當(dāng)于條件測(cè)試 [ -e /root ]&&ls /root
ansible oldboy ?-m command -a "ls /root removes=/root"
ansible oldboy ?-m shell -a "[ -d /etc ]||pwd"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy ?-m command -a "cat /etc/hosts removes=/etc/hosts"
參數(shù):warn=False 忽略警告
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy ?-m command -a "chmod 000 /etc/hosts warn=False"
更多官方鏈接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/command_module.html或ansible-doc -s command
=====================================================================================
項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐:
rsync服務(wù)器端:31、41
rsync客戶端:7要尔、8
實(shí)現(xiàn):從7推送文件到31舍杜,從8推送文件到41.
shell模塊:實(shí)現(xiàn)上面
12.2 script模塊功能說(shuō)明:
功能說(shuō)明:在遠(yuǎn)程節(jié)點(diǎn)上運(yùn)行本地腳本
官方鏈接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/script_module.html
遠(yuǎn)端可以沒(méi)有腳本,本地有就行:
[root@m01 /server/scripts]# cat setup.sh
pwd
ls /root
for n in {1..100}
do
? ?echo $n >>/tmp/oldboy.log
done
執(zhí)行:
ansible oldboy ?-m script -a "/server/scripts/setup.sh"
項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐作業(yè):
寫(xiě)好rsync一鍵客戶端配置赵辕,一鍵服務(wù)端配置既绩。
12.3 copy模塊功能說(shuō)明:
copy模塊功能說(shuō)明:
功能說(shuō)明:復(fù)制文件到遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)
官方鏈接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/copy_module.html
ansible oldboy ?-m copy -a "src=/server dest=/ mode=ugo+x ?group=root owner=root"
ansible oldboy ?-m copy -a "src=/server/scripts/setup dest=/server/scripts mode=ugo+x ?group=root owner=root backup=yes"
12.4 shell模塊功能說(shuō)明:
功能說(shuō)明:執(zhí)行一個(gè)命令在遠(yuǎn)程節(jié)點(diǎn)上
官方鏈接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/shell_module.html
ansible oldboy ?-m shell -a "free -m|grep buffer"
遠(yuǎn)程執(zhí)行腳本:腳本必須在遠(yuǎn)端存在
ansible oldboy ?-m shell -a "/bin/bash /server/scripts/setup.sh"
項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐作業(yè):
1、寫(xiě)好rsync一鍵客戶端配置还惠,一鍵服務(wù)端配置饲握。
2、寫(xiě)好nfs一鍵服務(wù)端端配置蚕键,一鍵客戶端掛載救欧,并且加到自啟動(dòng)文件里(/etc/rc.local,/etc/fstab)。
步驟:
1锣光、遠(yuǎn)端命令行非交互實(shí)現(xiàn)
echo 123456|passwd --stdin oldboy
2笆怠、所有步驟放在腳本里實(shí)現(xiàn)。
3誊爹、管理機(jī)上遠(yuǎn)程執(zhí)行蹬刷。
ssh /bin/sh /server/scripts/ins.sh
知識(shí)----能力-----價(jià)值-----金錢(qián)
學(xué)習(xí)方法:
學(xué)習(xí)能力
解決思路
任何問(wèn)題有方法瓢捉。
12.5 file模塊功能說(shuō)明:
功能說(shuō)明:設(shè)置文件屬性
官方鏈接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/file_module.html
================================================================
替代方案:
ansible oldboy ?-m command -a "chmod 777 /etc/hosts warn=false"
ansible oldboy ?-m command -a "chmod 644 /etc/hosts warn=false"
ansible oldboy ?-m command -a "chown oldboy /etc/hosts warn=false"
ansible oldboy ?-m command -a "chown root /etc/hosts warn=false"
創(chuàng)建目錄:mkdir /tmp/oldboy_dir
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_dir state=directory"
遞歸設(shè)置權(quán)限:
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_dir state=directory mode=644 recurse=yes"
創(chuàng)建文件:touch /tmp/oldboy_file
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch"
刪除文件:rm -f /tmp/oldboy_file
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=absent"
創(chuàng)建鏈接文件:ln -s /etc/hosts /tmp/link_file
ansible oldboy -m file -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/link_file state=link"
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=000"
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=ugo=rwx"
12.5 yum模塊功能說(shuō)明:
功能說(shuō)明:yum包管理模塊
官方鏈接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/yum_module.html
ansible oldboy -m yum -a "name=nginx state=installed"
[root@nfs01 oldboy_dir]# rpm -qa nginx
nginx-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64
###不要用yum卸載,用rpm -e卸載办成。
12.6 service模塊功能說(shuō)明:
功能說(shuō)明:?jiǎn)?dòng)停止服務(wù)
官方鏈接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/service_module.html
#相當(dāng)于
#service crond stop|/etc/init.d/crond stop
#chkconfig crond off
ansible oldboy -m service -a "name=crond state=stop enabled=no"
#相當(dāng)于/etc/init.d/crond start
chkconfig crond on
ansible oldboy -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"
12.7 cron模塊功能說(shuō)明:
功能說(shuō)明:管理定時(shí)任務(wù)條目信息模塊
官方鏈接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/cron_module.html
定時(shí)任務(wù)格式:
* * * * * CMD
創(chuàng)建定時(shí)任務(wù):
ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='sync time' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'"
結(jié)果:
#Ansible: sync time
00 00 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1
添加如下定時(shí)任務(wù):
05 03 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/backup.sh /server/scripts/list >/dev/null 2>&1
命令如下:
ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='backup data' minute=05 hour=03 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/backup.sh /server/scripts/list >/dev/null 2>&1'"
結(jié)果:
#Ansible: backup data
05 03 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/backup.sh /server/scripts/list >/dev/null 2>&1
刪除定時(shí)任務(wù):
ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='backup data' state=absent"
12.8 playbook
把所有ansible命令放在文件里執(zhí)行就是playbook泡态。
playbook替代方案1:
[root@m01 ~]# cat ansible.sh
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch"
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=ugo=rwx"
ansible oldboy -m yum -a "name=nginx state=installed"
ansible oldboy -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"
ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='sync time' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'"
playbook替代方案2:
[root@m01 ~]# cat ~/set.sh?
touch /tmp/oldboy_file
chown oldboy.oldboy /tmp/oldboy_file
yum install nginx -y
/etc/init.d/crond start
chkconfig cornd on
echo '#sync time oldboy' >>/var/spool/cron/root
echo '00 00 * * * ?/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1' >>/var/spool/cron/root
執(zhí)行:
ansible oldboy -m script -a "~/set.sh"
ansible劇本編寫(xiě)格式說(shuō)明
ansible劇本遵循PYyaml語(yǔ)法規(guī)則進(jìn)行編寫(xiě),ymal文件基本編寫(xiě)規(guī)則如下說(shuō)明:
規(guī)則一:縮進(jìn)
yaml使用一個(gè)固定的縮進(jìn)風(fēng)格表示數(shù)據(jù)層結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系迂卢,需要每個(gè)縮進(jìn)級(jí)別由兩個(gè)空格組成某弦。切記一定不能使用tab鍵進(jìn)行縮進(jìn)。
規(guī)則二:冒號(hào)
每個(gè)冒號(hào)后面一定要有一個(gè)空格(以冒號(hào)結(jié)尾不需要空格冷守,表示文件路徑的模版可以不需要空格)
規(guī)則三:短橫線
想要表示列表項(xiàng)刀崖,使用一個(gè)短橫杠加一個(gè)空格。多個(gè)項(xiàng)使用同樣的縮進(jìn)級(jí)別作為同一個(gè)列表的一部分
- name: This command will change the working directory to somedir/ and will only run when /path/to/database doesn't exist.
? command: /usr/bin/make_database.sh arg1 arg2
? args:
? ? chdir: somedir/
? ? creates: /path/to/database
[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/a.yml
- hosts: oldboy
? tasks:
? ? - shell: echo hello oldboy linux. >/tmp/a.log
ansible oldboy -m command -a "echo hello oldboy linux."
=========寫(xiě)成劇本
- hosts: oldboy
? task:
? ? - command: echo hello oldboy linux.
=========寫(xiě)成劇本
ansible oldboy ?-m command -a "pwd chdir=/etc"
- hosts: oldboy
? task:
? ? - command: echo hello oldboy linux.